{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4392457901","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00521-024-09562-9","title":"Identifying the most accurate machine learning classification technique to detect network threats","display_name":"Identifying the most accurate machine learning classification technique to detect network threats","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-03-05","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4392457901","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00521-024-09562-9"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s00521-024-09562-9","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00521-024-09562-9","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00521-024-09562-9.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S147897268","display_name":"Neural Computing and Applications","issn_l":"0941-0643","issn":["0941-0643","1433-3058"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Neural Computing and Applications","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00521-024-09562-9.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080305735","display_name":"Mohamed Hesham Farouk","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8101-6423"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I159247623","display_name":"Mansoura University","ror":"https://ror.org/01k8vtd75","country_code":"EG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I159247623"]}],"countries":["EG"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Mohamed Farouk","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information Security, Faculty of Computers and Information Sciences, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information Security, Faculty of Computers and Information Sciences, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I159247623"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029272905","display_name":"Rasha H. Sakr","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4440-1060"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I159247623","display_name":"Mansoura University","ror":"https://ror.org/01k8vtd75","country_code":"EG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I159247623"]}],"countries":["EG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rasha Hassan Sakr","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, Faculty of Computers and Information Sciences, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Faculty of Computers and Information Sciences, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I159247623"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026801676","display_name":"Noha A. Hikal","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2334-9523"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I159247623","display_name":"Mansoura University","ror":"https://ror.org/01k8vtd75","country_code":"EG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I159247623"]}],"countries":["EG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Noha Hikal","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information Technology, Faculty of Computers and Information Sciences, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information Technology, Faculty of Computers and Information Sciences, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I159247623"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5080305735"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I159247623"],"apc_list":{"value":2390,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":2990},"apc_paid":{"value":2390,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":2990},"fwci":2.4654,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":8,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.89130801,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"36","issue":"16","first_page":"8977","last_page":"8994"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10400","display_name":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10400","display_name":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11241","display_name":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","score":0.9965999722480774,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11512","display_name":"Anomaly Detection Techniques and Applications","score":0.9958999752998352,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computational-science-and-engineering","display_name":"Computational Science and Engineering","score":0.8860189914703369},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.73749840259552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.6621507406234741},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6482530236244202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.4570181667804718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.3560855984687805}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68597687","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q362601","display_name":"Computational Science and Engineering","level":2,"score":0.8860189914703369},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.73749840259552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.6621507406234741},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6482530236244202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.4570181667804718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.3560855984687805}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/s00521-024-09562-9","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00521-024-09562-9","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00521-024-09562-9.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S147897268","display_name":"Neural Computing and Applications","issn_l":"0941-0643","issn":["0941-0643","1433-3058"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Neural Computing and Applications","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s00521-024-09562-9","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00521-024-09562-9","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00521-024-09562-9.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S147897268","display_name":"Neural Computing and Applications","issn_l":"0941-0643","issn":["0941-0643","1433-3058"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Neural Computing and Applications","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","score":0.6000000238418579,"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320325716","display_name":"Mansoura University","ror":"https://ror.org/01k8vtd75"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4392457901.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":42,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1678356000","https://openalex.org/W1968969471","https://openalex.org/W1986941254","https://openalex.org/W2090262697","https://openalex.org/W2336023257","https://openalex.org/W2542582667","https://openalex.org/W2617486054","https://openalex.org/W2762776925","https://openalex.org/W2765682467","https://openalex.org/W2794916302","https://openalex.org/W2884745705","https://openalex.org/W2898761039","https://openalex.org/W2952215077","https://openalex.org/W2954144630","https://openalex.org/W2962784773","https://openalex.org/W2979632005","https://openalex.org/W2979782961","https://openalex.org/W2992966962","https://openalex.org/W2993578250","https://openalex.org/W3003457445","https://openalex.org/W3019933808","https://openalex.org/W3030742098","https://openalex.org/W3045880080","https://openalex.org/W3080980706","https://openalex.org/W3118241656","https://openalex.org/W3130625521","https://openalex.org/W3135028703","https://openalex.org/W3182438885","https://openalex.org/W3195682066","https://openalex.org/W3203072121","https://openalex.org/W4206160026","https://openalex.org/W4220705580","https://openalex.org/W4230737036","https://openalex.org/W4232533539","https://openalex.org/W4248083651","https://openalex.org/W4288083473","https://openalex.org/W4297821027","https://openalex.org/W4297924680","https://openalex.org/W4309048734","https://openalex.org/W4313245390","https://openalex.org/W4372349773","https://openalex.org/W4386938163"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2961085424","https://openalex.org/W4306674287","https://openalex.org/W3046775127","https://openalex.org/W3107602296","https://openalex.org/W3170094116","https://openalex.org/W4386462264","https://openalex.org/W4364306694","https://openalex.org/W4312192474","https://openalex.org/W2033914206","https://openalex.org/W4283697347"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"Insider":[1],"threats":[2,150],"have":[3],"recently":[4],"become":[5],"one":[6],"of":[7,48,62,84,87,148,161,214,218,221,225,232],"the":[8,34,46,51,92,97,122,129,141,149,153,159,162,199,204,208],"most":[9,35,52,209],"urgent":[10],"cybersecurity":[11],"challenges":[12],"facing":[13],"numerous":[14],"businesses,":[15],"such":[16],"as":[17,227,229],"public":[18],"infrastructure":[19],"companies,":[20],"major":[21],"federal":[22],"agencies,":[23],"and":[24,26,77,89,112,126,171,192,223,242],"state":[25],"local":[27,154],"governments.":[28],"Our":[29],"purpose":[30],"is":[31,55,207],"to":[32,41,73,102,105,120,127],"find":[33],"accurate":[36],"machine":[37,49,175],"learning":[38],"(ML)":[39],"model":[40,131,143,206],"detect":[42],"insider":[43],"attacks.":[44],"In":[45],"realm":[47],"learning,":[50],"convenient":[53],"classifier":[54],"usually":[56],"selected":[57,142],"after":[58],"further":[59],"evaluation":[60],"trials":[61],"candidate":[63,134],"models":[64,76,88,93],"which":[65],"can":[66],"cause":[67],"unseen":[68,106],"data":[69,71,110,147,164],"(test":[70],"set)":[72],"leak":[74],"into":[75],"create":[78],"bias.":[79],"Accordingly,":[80],"overfitting":[81],"occurs":[82],"because":[83],"frequent":[85],"training":[86,98],"tuning":[90,114],"hyperparameters;":[91],"perform":[94],"well":[95,228],"on":[96],"set":[99,111],"while":[100],"failing":[101],"generalize":[103],"effectively":[104],"data.":[107],"The":[108,166],"validation":[109],"hyperparameter":[113],"are":[115,169],"utilized":[116],"in":[117,152],"this":[118],"study":[119],"prevent":[121],"issues":[123],"mentioned":[124],"above":[125],"choose":[128],"best":[130],"from":[132],"our":[133,137],"models.":[135],"Furthermore,":[136],"approach":[138],"guarantees":[139],"that":[140,203],"does":[144],"not":[145],"memorize":[146],"occurring":[151],"area":[155],"network":[156],"(LAN)":[157],"through":[158],"usage":[160],"NSL-KDD":[163],"set.":[165],"following":[167],"results":[168],"gathered":[170],"analyzed:":[172],"support":[173],"vector":[174],"(SVM),":[176],"decision":[177],"tree":[178],"(DT),":[179],"logistic":[180],"regression":[181],"(LR),":[182],"adaptive":[183],"boost":[184],"(AdaBoost),":[185],"gradient":[186],"boosting":[187],"(GB),":[188],"random":[189],"forests":[190],"(RFs),":[191],"extremely":[193],"randomized":[194],"trees":[195],"(ERTs).":[196],"After":[197],"analyzing":[198],"findings,":[200],"we":[201],"conclude":[202],"AdaBoost":[205],"accurate,":[210],"with":[211],"a":[212,216],"DoS":[213],"99%,":[215,219],"probe":[217],"access":[220],"96%,":[222],"privilege":[224],"97%,":[226],"an":[230],"AUC":[231],"0.992":[233],"for":[234,237,240,244],"DoS,":[235],"0.986":[236],"probe,":[238],"0.952":[239],"access,":[241],"0.954":[243],"privilege.":[245]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-06-19T17:40:00.097472","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
