{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4388767727","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00521-023-09181-w","title":"A network analysis-based framework to understand the representation dynamics of graph neural networks","display_name":"A network analysis-based framework to understand the representation dynamics of graph neural networks","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-11-17","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4388767727","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00521-023-09181-w"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s00521-023-09181-w","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00521-023-09181-w","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00521-023-09181-w.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S147897268","display_name":"Neural Computing and Applications","issn_l":"0941-0643","issn":["0941-0643","1433-3058"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Neural Computing and Applications","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00521-023-09181-w.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029700605","display_name":"Gianluca Bonifazi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1947-8667"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I122534668","display_name":"Marche Polytechnic University","ror":"https://ror.org/00x69rs40","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I122534668"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gianluca Bonifazi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information Engineering (DII), Polytechnic University of Marche, 60131, Via Brecce Bianche, 12, Ancona, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information Engineering (DII), Polytechnic University of Marche, 60131, Via Brecce Bianche, 12, Ancona, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I122534668"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078726587","display_name":"Francesco Cauteruccio","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8400-1083"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I122534668","display_name":"Marche Polytechnic University","ror":"https://ror.org/00x69rs40","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I122534668"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Francesco Cauteruccio","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information Engineering (DII), Polytechnic University of Marche, 60131, Via Brecce Bianche, 12, Ancona, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information Engineering (DII), Polytechnic University of Marche, 60131, Via Brecce Bianche, 12, Ancona, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I122534668"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026214749","display_name":"Enrico Corradini","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1140-4209"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I122534668","display_name":"Marche Polytechnic University","ror":"https://ror.org/00x69rs40","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I122534668"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Enrico Corradini","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information Engineering (DII), Polytechnic University of Marche, 60131, Via Brecce Bianche, 12, Ancona, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information Engineering (DII), Polytechnic University of Marche, 60131, Via Brecce Bianche, 12, Ancona, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I122534668"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085401294","display_name":"Michele Marchetti","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3692-3600"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I122534668","display_name":"Marche Polytechnic University","ror":"https://ror.org/00x69rs40","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I122534668"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Michele Marchetti","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information Engineering (DII), Polytechnic University of Marche, 60131, Via Brecce Bianche, 12, Ancona, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information Engineering (DII), Polytechnic University of Marche, 60131, Via Brecce Bianche, 12, Ancona, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I122534668"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032253415","display_name":"Domenico Ursino","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1360-8499"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I122534668","display_name":"Marche Polytechnic University","ror":"https://ror.org/00x69rs40","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I122534668"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Domenico Ursino","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information Engineering (DII), Polytechnic University of Marche, 60131, Via Brecce Bianche, 12, Ancona, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1360-8499","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information Engineering (DII), Polytechnic University of Marche, 60131, Via Brecce Bianche, 12, Ancona, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I122534668"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012954825","display_name":"Luca Virgili","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1509-783X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I122534668","display_name":"Marche Polytechnic University","ror":"https://ror.org/00x69rs40","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I122534668"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Luca Virgili","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information Engineering (DII), Polytechnic University of Marche, 60131, Via Brecce Bianche, 12, Ancona, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information Engineering (DII), Polytechnic University of Marche, 60131, Via Brecce Bianche, 12, Ancona, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I122534668"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5032253415"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I122534668"],"apc_list":{"value":2990,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2990},"apc_paid":{"value":2990,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2990},"fwci":0.7875,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":6,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.78223508,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"36","issue":"4","first_page":"1875","last_page":"1897"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11273","display_name":"Advanced Graph Neural Networks","score":0.9987999796867371,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11273","display_name":"Advanced Graph Neural Networks","score":0.9987999796867371,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10241","display_name":"Functional Brain Connectivity Studies","score":0.9983999729156494,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10064","display_name":"Complex Network Analysis Techniques","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3109","display_name":"Statistical and Nonlinear Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.798157811164856},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/graph","display_name":"Graph","score":0.6308836936950684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.5435705780982971},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/node","display_name":"Node (physics)","score":0.5236808061599731},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/representation","display_name":"Representation (politics)","score":0.5136001110076904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.468985378742218},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computational-science-and-engineering","display_name":"Computational Science and Engineering","score":0.45629194378852844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/graph-theory","display_name":"Graph theory","score":0.4477144777774811},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/network-analysis","display_name":"Network analysis","score":0.4188338816165924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power-graph-analysis","display_name":"Power graph analysis","score":0.4162195324897766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.38440561294555664},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.34715378284454346},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.335779070854187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.18503010272979736}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.798157811164856},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132525143","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141488","display_name":"Graph","level":2,"score":0.6308836936950684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.5435705780982971},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62611344","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1062658","display_name":"Node (physics)","level":2,"score":0.5236808061599731},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776359362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2145286","display_name":"Representation (politics)","level":3,"score":0.5136001110076904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.468985378742218},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68597687","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q362601","display_name":"Computational Science and Engineering","level":2,"score":0.45629194378852844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C88230418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131476","display_name":"Graph theory","level":2,"score":0.4477144777774811},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32946077","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q618079","display_name":"Network analysis","level":2,"score":0.4188338816165924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106937863","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7236518","display_name":"Power graph analysis","level":3,"score":0.4162195324897766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.38440561294555664},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.34715378284454346},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.335779070854187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.18503010272979736},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66938386","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q633538","display_name":"Structural engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114614502","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76592","display_name":"Combinatorics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/s00521-023-09181-w","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00521-023-09181-w","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00521-023-09181-w.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S147897268","display_name":"Neural Computing and Applications","issn_l":"0941-0643","issn":["0941-0643","1433-3058"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Neural Computing and Applications","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:iris.univpm.it:11566/323291","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/11566/323291","pdf_url":"https://iris.univpm.it/bitstream/11566/323291/2/s00521-023-09181-w.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402571","display_name":"Universit\u00e0 Politecnica delle Marche (Universit\u00e0 Politecnica delle Marche)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I122534668","host_organization_name":"Marche Polytechnic University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I122534668"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s00521-023-09181-w","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00521-023-09181-w","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00521-023-09181-w.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S147897268","display_name":"Neural Computing and Applications","issn_l":"0941-0643","issn":["0941-0643","1433-3058"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Neural Computing and Applications","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323420","display_name":"Universit\u00e0 Politecnica delle Marche","ror":"https://ror.org/00x69rs40"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4388767727.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4388767727.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":48,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1565608089","https://openalex.org/W2004824191","https://openalex.org/W2044252663","https://openalex.org/W2047940964","https://openalex.org/W2107559689","https://openalex.org/W2131681506","https://openalex.org/W2132202037","https://openalex.org/W2151936673","https://openalex.org/W2558748708","https://openalex.org/W2758602106","https://openalex.org/W2768092833","https://openalex.org/W2791473713","https://openalex.org/W2798638367","https://openalex.org/W2907492528","https://openalex.org/W2962810718","https://openalex.org/W2963555845","https://openalex.org/W2965857891","https://openalex.org/W3004260145","https://openalex.org/W3016108562","https://openalex.org/W3034122135","https://openalex.org/W3037826211","https://openalex.org/W3040437829","https://openalex.org/W3042856524","https://openalex.org/W3090369187","https://openalex.org/W3096922567","https://openalex.org/W3097300053","https://openalex.org/W3099768174","https://openalex.org/W3102667036","https://openalex.org/W3121087702","https://openalex.org/W3131107340","https://openalex.org/W3151900735","https://openalex.org/W3152893301","https://openalex.org/W3154391875","https://openalex.org/W3160872503","https://openalex.org/W3176657789","https://openalex.org/W3188579603","https://openalex.org/W3205973429","https://openalex.org/W3212258001","https://openalex.org/W4213195722","https://openalex.org/W4290877727","https://openalex.org/W4304098605","https://openalex.org/W4309862248","https://openalex.org/W4310273071","https://openalex.org/W4313639953","https://openalex.org/W4379806216","https://openalex.org/W4389775256","https://openalex.org/W6839257546","https://openalex.org/W7026537128"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2113462804","https://openalex.org/W1500081329","https://openalex.org/W2755787904","https://openalex.org/W2167957987","https://openalex.org/W2359551459","https://openalex.org/W2054250614","https://openalex.org/W3179250407","https://openalex.org/W2909813428","https://openalex.org/W2587413730","https://openalex.org/W996844931"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"In":[1,125],"this":[2],"paper,":[3],"we":[4,139,146],"propose":[5],"a":[6,24,34,82],"framework":[7,32,130],"that":[8,145],"uses":[9],"the":[10,20,42,59,62,65,91,94,100,103,107,120,123,129,150,153],"theory":[11,71],"and":[12,38,72,102,133],"techniques":[13],"of":[14,23,61,67,122,152],"(Social)":[15,68],"Network":[16,27,69],"Analysis":[17,70],"to":[18,41,44,55,80,118,127,148],"investigate":[19],"learned":[21],"representations":[22],"Graph":[25],"Neural":[26],"(GNN,":[28],"for":[29],"short).":[30],"Our":[31],"receives":[33],"graph":[35,95],"as":[36,97],"input":[37,98],"passes":[39],"it":[40,135],"GNN":[43,63,101],"be":[45],"investigated,":[46],"which":[47,87],"returns":[48],"suitable":[49],"node":[50,108],"embeddings.":[51],"These":[52],"are":[53,78],"used":[54,117],"derive":[56],"insights":[57,75],"on":[58],"behavior":[60],"through":[64],"application":[66],"techniques.":[73],"The":[74],"thus":[76],"obtained":[77],"employed":[79],"define":[81],"new":[83],"training":[84],"loss":[85],"function,":[86],"takes":[88],"into":[89],"account":[90],"differences":[92],"between":[93],"received":[96],"by":[99,111],"one":[104],"reconstructed":[105],"from":[106],"embeddings":[109],"returned":[110],"it.":[112],"This":[113],"measure":[114],"is":[115],"finally":[116],"improve":[119],"performance":[121],"GNN.":[124],"addition":[126],"describe":[128],"in":[131],"detail":[132],"compare":[134],"with":[136],"related":[137],"literature,":[138],"present":[140],"an":[141],"extensive":[142],"experimental":[143],"campaign":[144],"conducted":[147],"validate":[149],"quality":[151],"results":[154],"obtained.":[155]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-08-30T07:30:35.949966","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}