{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4389080469","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00521-023-09133-4","title":"N-IoU: better IoU-based bounding box regression loss for object detection","display_name":"N-IoU: better IoU-based bounding box regression loss for object detection","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-11-28","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4389080469","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00521-023-09133-4"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s00521-023-09133-4","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00521-023-09133-4","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00521-023-09133-4.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S147897268","display_name":"Neural Computing and Applications","issn_l":"0941-0643","issn":["0941-0643","1433-3058"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Neural Computing and Applications","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00521-023-09133-4.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010035192","display_name":"Keke Su","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6967-4746"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210088164","display_name":"Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics","ror":"https://ror.org/012rct222","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210088164"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165038","display_name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/05qbk4x57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Keke Su","raw_affiliation_strings":["Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Southeast Lake Road, Changchun, 130033, Jilin, China","University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Southeast Lake Road, Changchun, 130033, Jilin, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210088164"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079401099","display_name":"Lihua Cao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3235-6557"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210088164","display_name":"Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics","ror":"https://ror.org/012rct222","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210088164"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Lihua Cao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Southeast Lake Road, Changchun, 130033, Jilin, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3235-6557","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Southeast Lake Road, Changchun, 130033, Jilin, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210088164"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100662778","display_name":"Botong Zhao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6746-7893"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I66867065","display_name":"East China Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/02n96ep67","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I66867065"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Botong Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Communication and Electronic Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Communication and Electronic Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I66867065"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100369025","display_name":"Ning Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4358-6449"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210088164","display_name":"Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics","ror":"https://ror.org/012rct222","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210088164"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ning Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Southeast Lake Road, Changchun, 130033, Jilin, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Southeast Lake Road, Changchun, 130033, Jilin, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210088164"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100685397","display_name":"Di Wu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5872-2079"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210088164","display_name":"Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics","ror":"https://ror.org/012rct222","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210088164"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Di Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Southeast Lake Road, Changchun, 130033, Jilin, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Southeast Lake Road, Changchun, 130033, Jilin, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210088164"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100873772","display_name":"Xiyu Han","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210088164","display_name":"Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics","ror":"https://ror.org/012rct222","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210088164"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiyu Han","raw_affiliation_strings":["Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Southeast Lake Road, Changchun, 130033, Jilin, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Southeast Lake Road, Changchun, 130033, Jilin, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210088164"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5079401099"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210088164"],"apc_list":{"value":2990,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2990},"apc_paid":{"value":2990,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2990},"fwci":5.1432,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":53,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97026352,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"36","issue":"6","first_page":"3049","last_page":"3063"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10036","display_name":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10036","display_name":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10627","display_name":"Advanced Image and Video Retrieval Techniques","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11605","display_name":"Visual Attention and Saliency Detection","score":0.9951000213623047,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7145195007324219},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/minimum-bounding-box","display_name":"Minimum bounding box","score":0.6370881199836731},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/regression","display_name":"Regression","score":0.6326106786727905},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/measure","display_name":"Measure (data warehouse)","score":0.6045751571655273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/regression-analysis","display_name":"Regression analysis","score":0.5559819340705872},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intersection","display_name":"Intersection (aeronautics)","score":0.5265151262283325},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bounding-overwatch","display_name":"Bounding overwatch","score":0.5169724822044373},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linear-regression","display_name":"Linear regression","score":0.4900306463241577},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/object","display_name":"Object (grammar)","score":0.4662318229675293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.43516066670417786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/flexibility","display_name":"Flexibility (engineering)","score":0.41666871309280396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.286793053150177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.2865099012851715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.25860196352005005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.2248469889163971},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.06584954261779785}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7145195007324219},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147037132","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6865426","display_name":"Minimum bounding box","level":3,"score":0.6370881199836731},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C83546350","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1139051","display_name":"Regression","level":2,"score":0.6326106786727905},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780009758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6804172","display_name":"Measure (data warehouse)","level":2,"score":0.6045751571655273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C152877465","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208042","display_name":"Regression analysis","level":2,"score":0.5559819340705872},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C64543145","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162942","display_name":"Intersection (aeronautics)","level":2,"score":0.5265151262283325},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63584917","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q333286","display_name":"Bounding overwatch","level":2,"score":0.5169724822044373},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48921125","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10861030","display_name":"Linear regression","level":2,"score":0.4900306463241577},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781238097","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175026","display_name":"Object (grammar)","level":2,"score":0.4662318229675293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.43516066670417786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780598303","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q65921492","display_name":"Flexibility (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.41666871309280396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.286793053150177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.2865099012851715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.25860196352005005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.2248469889163971},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.06584954261779785},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146978453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3798668","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/s00521-023-09133-4","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00521-023-09133-4","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00521-023-09133-4.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S147897268","display_name":"Neural Computing and Applications","issn_l":"0941-0643","issn":["0941-0643","1433-3058"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Neural Computing and Applications","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s00521-023-09133-4","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00521-023-09133-4","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00521-023-09133-4.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S147897268","display_name":"Neural Computing and Applications","issn_l":"0941-0643","issn":["0941-0643","1433-3058"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Neural Computing and Applications","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4389080469.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":45,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W845365781","https://openalex.org/W1536680647","https://openalex.org/W1861492603","https://openalex.org/W2031489346","https://openalex.org/W2102605133","https://openalex.org/W2179352600","https://openalex.org/W2193145675","https://openalex.org/W2504335775","https://openalex.org/W2570343428","https://openalex.org/W2734349601","https://openalex.org/W2891155035","https://openalex.org/W2903617078","https://openalex.org/W2962766617","https://openalex.org/W2962914239","https://openalex.org/W2963037989","https://openalex.org/W2963043051","https://openalex.org/W2963058975","https://openalex.org/W2963150697","https://openalex.org/W2963179609","https://openalex.org/W2963299996","https://openalex.org/W2963351448","https://openalex.org/W2963849369","https://openalex.org/W2964098128","https://openalex.org/W2964241181","https://openalex.org/W2982770724","https://openalex.org/W2989604896","https://openalex.org/W2997747012","https://openalex.org/W3012573144","https://openalex.org/W3035473155","https://openalex.org/W3048145096","https://openalex.org/W3096609285","https://openalex.org/W3098722327","https://openalex.org/W3102494826","https://openalex.org/W3106250896","https://openalex.org/W3113929572","https://openalex.org/W3122173535","https://openalex.org/W3174038008","https://openalex.org/W4280585723","https://openalex.org/W4285345667","https://openalex.org/W4297478157","https://openalex.org/W4322625282","https://openalex.org/W4382568144","https://openalex.org/W6600129504","https://openalex.org/W6610122945","https://openalex.org/W6836371346"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3192357901","https://openalex.org/W3036286480","https://openalex.org/W2387360586","https://openalex.org/W4287027631","https://openalex.org/W4237171675","https://openalex.org/W2952736415","https://openalex.org/W3209723314","https://openalex.org/W3205398323","https://openalex.org/W2883297582","https://openalex.org/W2962677013"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"Object":[1],"detection":[2],"is":[3,17,34,71,118,139,204],"one":[4,18],"of":[5,9,19,23,29,83,96,112,130,156,170,183],"the":[6,20,38,52,57,61,77,84,89,97,104,110,113,153,157,168,201],"core":[7],"tasks":[8,22],"computer":[10],"vision,":[11],"and":[12,44,65,74,87,94,124,152,174,200],"bounding":[13,149],"box":[14,150],"(bbox)":[15],"regression":[16,33,62,106,115,171,202],"basic":[21],"object":[24],"detection.":[25],"In":[26,48],"recent":[27],"years":[28],"related":[30],"research,":[31],"bbox":[32],"often":[35],"used":[36,146,162],"in":[37],"Intersection":[39],"over":[40],"Union":[41],"(IoU)":[42],"loss":[43,63,107,116,172],"its":[45],"improved":[46],"version.":[47],"this":[49,131],"paper,":[50],"for":[51,167],"first":[53],"time,":[54],"we":[55,176],"introduce":[56],"Dice":[58],"coefficient":[59],"into":[60],"calculation":[64],"propose":[66,177],"a":[67,164],"new":[68,85,137,158],"measure":[69,86,138,159],"which":[70,143,188],"superior":[72],"to":[73,147,193],"can":[75,144,160,185,189],"replace":[76],"IoU.":[78],"We":[79],"define":[80],"three":[81,154],"properties":[82,155],"prove":[88],"theory":[90],"by":[91,120],"mathematical":[92],"reasoning":[93],"analysis":[95],"existing":[98],"work.":[99],"This":[100],"paper":[101,132],"also":[102],"proposes":[103],"N-IoU":[105,114,178],"family.":[108],"And":[109],"superiority":[111],"family":[117],"proved":[119],"designing":[121],"simulation":[122],"experiments":[123],"comparative":[125],"experiments.":[126],"The":[127,135,180],"main":[128],"results":[129],"are:":[133],"(1)":[134],"proposed":[136],"better":[140],"than":[141],"IoU":[142],"be":[145,161,186,190],"evaluate":[148],"regression,":[151],"as":[163],"broad":[165],"criterion":[166],"design":[169],"functions;":[173],"(2)":[175],"loss.":[179],"parameter":[181],"n":[182],"N-IOU":[184],"debugged,":[187],"widely":[191],"adapted":[192],"different":[194],"application":[195],"scenarios":[196],"with":[197],"higher":[198],"flexibility,":[199],"performance":[203],"better.":[205]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":30},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":10}],"updated_date":"2026-07-30T17:31:21.811387","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
