{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4388573200","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00521-023-09109-4","title":"Prediction of scour depth around bridge abutments using ensemble machine learning models","display_name":"Prediction of scour depth around bridge abutments using ensemble machine learning models","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-11-10","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4388573200","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00521-023-09109-4"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s00521-023-09109-4","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00521-023-09109-4","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00521-023-09109-4.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S147897268","display_name":"Neural Computing and Applications","issn_l":"0941-0643","issn":["0941-0643","1433-3058"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Neural Computing and Applications","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00521-023-09109-4.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031041700","display_name":"Sreedhara B. Marulasiddappa","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4387153738","display_name":"Siddaganga Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00wd8c661","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4387153738"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sreedhara B. Marulasiddappa","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Civil Engineering, Siddaganga Institute of Technology, Tumakuru, Karnataka, 572103, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Civil Engineering, Siddaganga Institute of Technology, Tumakuru, Karnataka, 572103, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4387153738"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039814813","display_name":"Amit Prakash Patil","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7676-7684"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Amit Prakash Patil","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Civil Engineering, Rajarambapu Institute of Technology, Rajaramnagar, Maharashtra, 415414, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Civil Engineering, Rajarambapu Institute of Technology, Rajaramnagar, Maharashtra, 415414, India","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083637097","display_name":"Geetha Kuntoji","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1293-6052"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I876098953","display_name":"Bangalore Medical College and Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/05qmk4a18","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I286135121","https://openalex.org/I876098953"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Geetha Kuntoji","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Civil Engineering, BMS College of Engineering, Bengaluru, Karnataka, 560019, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Civil Engineering, BMS College of Engineering, Bengaluru, Karnataka, 560019, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I876098953"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045274379","display_name":"K. M. Praveen","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2801092184","display_name":"Central Water and Power Research Station","ror":"https://ror.org/026h9k063","country_code":"IN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801092184"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"K. M. Praveen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Coastal Hydraulic Structures Division, Central Water and Power Research Station, Pune, Maharashtra, 411024, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Coastal Hydraulic Structures Division, Central Water and Power Research Station, Pune, Maharashtra, 411024, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801092184"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089194470","display_name":"Sujay Raghavendra Naganna","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0482-1936"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I164861460","display_name":"Manipal Academy of Higher Education","ror":"https://ror.org/02xzytt36","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I164861460"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Sujay Raghavendra Naganna","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Civil Engineering, Manipal Institute of Technology Bengaluru, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0482-1936","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Civil Engineering, Manipal Institute of Technology Bengaluru, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I164861460"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5089194470"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I164861460"],"apc_list":{"value":2390,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":2990},"apc_paid":{"value":2390,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":2990},"fwci":5.0687,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":21,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95541583,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"36","issue":"3","first_page":"1369","last_page":"1380"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10577","display_name":"Hydrology and Sediment Transport Processes","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10577","display_name":"Hydrology and Sediment Transport Processes","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12022","display_name":"Hydraulic flow and structures","score":0.9965000152587891,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2205","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10889","display_name":"Soil erosion and sediment transport","score":0.9678000211715698,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1111","display_name":"Soil Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/abutment","display_name":"Abutment","score":0.695050060749054},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mean-squared-error","display_name":"Mean squared error","score":0.6287734508514404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geotechnical-engineering","display_name":"Geotechnical engineering","score":0.5195622444152832},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.4579206705093384},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multivariate-adaptive-regression-splines","display_name":"Multivariate adaptive regression splines","score":0.4423534870147705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/structural-engineering","display_name":"Structural engineering","score":0.4310850203037262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.39243075251579285},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.2781120538711548},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/regression-analysis","display_name":"Regression analysis","score":0.21493849158287048},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.2037106156349182}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48777230","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6452175","display_name":"Abutment","level":2,"score":0.695050060749054},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139945424","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1940696","display_name":"Mean squared error","level":2,"score":0.6287734508514404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187320778","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1349130","display_name":"Geotechnical engineering","level":1,"score":0.5195622444152832},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.4579206705093384},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44882253","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3455882","display_name":"Multivariate adaptive regression splines","level":4,"score":0.4423534870147705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66938386","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q633538","display_name":"Structural engineering","level":1,"score":0.4310850203037262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.39243075251579285},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.2781120538711548},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C152877465","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208042","display_name":"Regression analysis","level":2,"score":0.21493849158287048},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.2037106156349182},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74127309","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3455886","display_name":"Nonparametric regression","level":3,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/s00521-023-09109-4","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00521-023-09109-4","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00521-023-09109-4.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S147897268","display_name":"Neural Computing and Applications","issn_l":"0941-0643","issn":["0941-0643","1433-3058"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Neural Computing and Applications","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s00521-023-09109-4","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00521-023-09109-4","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00521-023-09109-4.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S147897268","display_name":"Neural Computing and Applications","issn_l":"0941-0643","issn":["0941-0643","1433-3058"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Neural Computing and Applications","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4388573200.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":38,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1123135260","https://openalex.org/W1955209066","https://openalex.org/W1979302391","https://openalex.org/W1999258280","https://openalex.org/W2019207321","https://openalex.org/W2022111313","https://openalex.org/W2024932602","https://openalex.org/W2046404088","https://openalex.org/W2061975530","https://openalex.org/W2062783952","https://openalex.org/W2070493638","https://openalex.org/W2072539814","https://openalex.org/W2085764216","https://openalex.org/W2088794999","https://openalex.org/W2102201073","https://openalex.org/W2109622185","https://openalex.org/W2157652935","https://openalex.org/W2169267897","https://openalex.org/W2238294255","https://openalex.org/W2491488654","https://openalex.org/W2589129927","https://openalex.org/W2745259620","https://openalex.org/W2791366635","https://openalex.org/W2807437968","https://openalex.org/W2935058054","https://openalex.org/W2950524984","https://openalex.org/W2953817873","https://openalex.org/W2998559703","https://openalex.org/W3032787663","https://openalex.org/W3035380482","https://openalex.org/W3096856314","https://openalex.org/W3100926397","https://openalex.org/W3102199339","https://openalex.org/W3169209558","https://openalex.org/W3174123049","https://openalex.org/W3175846174","https://openalex.org/W3204209732","https://openalex.org/W4307669803"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W10576317","https://openalex.org/W1481829876","https://openalex.org/W4256152544","https://openalex.org/W2055800560","https://openalex.org/W2519969434","https://openalex.org/W1991715599","https://openalex.org/W2969801794","https://openalex.org/W2127422279","https://openalex.org/W2275869189","https://openalex.org/W4387909643"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"Abutments":[1],"are":[2,32],"the":[3,7,24,27,30,38,46,54,57,69,104,107,112,137,200,209,217,221,232],"structures":[4],"that":[5,208],"support":[6],"ends":[8],"of":[9,14,26,48,53,76,87,106,111,156,202,216,241],"a":[10,17,89,92,96],"bridge":[11,28],"deck.":[12],"Scouring":[13],"streambed":[15],"is":[16,43],"significant":[18],"problem":[19],"and":[20,51,95,124,160,191,223],"ultimately":[21],"results":[22],"in":[23,132,239],"failure":[25],"when":[29],"abutments":[31,73,227],"exposed":[33],"to":[34,198],"flowing":[35],"water":[36],"over":[37],"long":[39],"term.":[40],"Abutment":[41],"scour":[42,70,80,139,218,246],"influenced":[44],"by":[45],"type":[47],"abutment,":[49],"shape,":[50],"size":[52,116],"abutments.":[55],"In":[56],"current":[58],"study,":[59],"machine":[60],"learning":[61],"(ML)":[62],"models":[63,142,238],"have":[64,195],"been":[65,196],"utilized":[66],"for":[67],"predicting":[68,136,242],"depth":[71,81,122,219],"around":[72,84,220],"making":[74],"use":[75],"experimental":[77],"data.":[78],"The":[79],"was":[82,206],"modeled":[83],"three":[85],"types":[86],"abutments:":[88],"vertical":[90,243],"wall,":[91,94],"semicircular":[93,222],"45\u00b0":[97,224],"wing":[98,225],"wall.":[99],"Five":[100],"input":[101],"parameters,":[102],"namely,":[103],"length":[105],"abutment":[108,113,138,245],"(L),":[109],"breadth":[110],"(B),":[114],"sediment":[115],"(d":[117],"50":[118],"),":[119],"approaching":[120,126],"flow":[121,127],"(h)":[123],"average":[125],"velocity":[128],"(U),":[129],"were":[130,166],"used":[131],"this":[133],"study.":[134],"For":[135],"depth,":[140],"ML":[141],"such":[143,170],"as":[144,171],"Adaptive":[145,162],"Neuro-Fuzzy":[146],"Inference":[147],"System":[148],"(ANFIS),":[149],"Gradient":[150],"Tree":[151],"Boosting":[152],"(GTB),":[153],"Group":[154],"Method":[155],"Data":[157],"Handling":[158],"(GMDH),":[159],"Multivariate":[161],"Regression":[163],"Splines":[164],"(MARS)":[165],"applied.":[167],"Statistical":[168],"metrics":[169],"Mean":[172,177],"Absolute":[173],"Error":[174,179],"(MAE),":[175],"Root":[176],"Square":[178],"(RMSE),":[180],"Relative":[181],"RMSE":[182],"(RRMSE),":[183],"Normalized":[184],"Nash\u2013Sutcliffe":[185],"Efficiency":[186,189],"(NNSE),":[187],"Kling-Gupta":[188],"(KGE),":[190],"Willmott":[192],"Index":[193],"(WI)":[194],"employed":[197],"evaluate":[199],"performance":[201],"each":[203],"model.":[204],"It":[205],"found":[207],"GTB":[210],"model":[211,234],"provided":[212],"relatively":[213],"accurate":[214],"predictions":[215],"wall":[226,244],"with":[228],"good":[229],"metrics.":[230],"Similarly,":[231],"MARS":[233],"outperformed":[235],"all":[236],"other":[237],"terms":[240],"depth.":[247]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-01-22T23:29:09.771500","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}