{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4308347301","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00521-022-07988-7","title":"Study and comparison of different Machine Learning-based approaches to solve the inverse problem in Electrical Impedance Tomographies","display_name":"Study and comparison of different Machine Learning-based approaches to solve the inverse problem in Electrical Impedance Tomographies","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-11-04","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4308347301","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00521-022-07988-7"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s00521-022-07988-7","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00521-022-07988-7","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00521-022-07988-7.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S147897268","display_name":"Neural Computing and Applications","issn_l":"0941-0643","issn":["0941-0643","1433-3058"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Neural Computing and Applications","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00521-022-07988-7.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075956849","display_name":"Mart\u00edn Aller","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I200284239","display_name":"Universidade de Santiago de Compostela","ror":"https://ror.org/030eybx10","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200284239"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mart\u00edn Aller","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electr\u00f3nica e Computaci\u00f3n, Centro Singular de Investigaci\u00f3n en Tecnolox\u00edas Intelixentes (CiTIUS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Jenaro de la Fuente Dom\u00ednguez, 15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electr\u00f3nica e Computaci\u00f3n, Centro Singular de Investigaci\u00f3n en Tecnolox\u00edas Intelixentes (CiTIUS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Jenaro de la Fuente Dom\u00ednguez, 15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200284239"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068880564","display_name":"David Mera","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0639-6574"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I200284239","display_name":"Universidade de Santiago de Compostela","ror":"https://ror.org/030eybx10","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200284239"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"David Mera","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electr\u00f3nica e Computaci\u00f3n, Centro Singular de Investigaci\u00f3n en Tecnolox\u00edas Intelixentes (CiTIUS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Jenaro de la Fuente Dom\u00ednguez, 15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0639-6574","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electr\u00f3nica e Computaci\u00f3n, Centro Singular de Investigaci\u00f3n en Tecnolox\u00edas Intelixentes (CiTIUS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Jenaro de la Fuente Dom\u00ednguez, 15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200284239"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089301010","display_name":"Jos\u00e9 Manuel. Cotos","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I200284239","display_name":"Universidade de Santiago de Compostela","ror":"https://ror.org/030eybx10","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200284239"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jos\u00e9 Manuel. Cotos","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electr\u00f3nica e Computaci\u00f3n, Centro Singular de Investigaci\u00f3n en Tecnolox\u00edas Intelixentes (CiTIUS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Jenaro de la Fuente Dom\u00ednguez, 15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electr\u00f3nica e Computaci\u00f3n, Centro Singular de Investigaci\u00f3n en Tecnolox\u00edas Intelixentes (CiTIUS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Jenaro de la Fuente Dom\u00ednguez, 15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200284239"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074824647","display_name":"Sebasti\u00e1n Villaroya","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I200284239","display_name":"Universidade de Santiago de Compostela","ror":"https://ror.org/030eybx10","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200284239"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sebasti\u00e1n Villaroya","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electr\u00f3nica e Computaci\u00f3n, Centro Singular de Investigaci\u00f3n en Tecnolox\u00edas Intelixentes (CiTIUS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Jenaro de la Fuente Dom\u00ednguez, 15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electr\u00f3nica e Computaci\u00f3n, Centro Singular de Investigaci\u00f3n en Tecnolox\u00edas Intelixentes (CiTIUS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Jenaro de la Fuente Dom\u00ednguez, 15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200284239"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5068880564"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200284239"],"apc_list":{"value":2990,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2990},"apc_paid":{"value":2990,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2990},"fwci":1.711,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":23,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.84049007,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"35","issue":"7","first_page":"5465","last_page":"5477"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11778","display_name":"Electrical and Bioimpedance Tomography","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11778","display_name":"Electrical and Bioimpedance Tomography","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12537","display_name":"Flow Measurement and Analysis","score":0.9878000020980835,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2211","display_name":"Mechanics of Materials"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12169","display_name":"Non-Destructive Testing Techniques","score":0.9645000100135803,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7537841200828552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-impedance-tomography","display_name":"Electrical impedance tomography","score":0.6666731238365173},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hyperparameter","display_name":"Hyperparameter","score":0.6643978357315063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/random-forest","display_name":"Random forest","score":0.6256197094917297},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.6027406454086304},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5938443541526794},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.5809690356254578},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gradient-boosting","display_name":"Gradient boosting","score":0.5737850069999695},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/boosting","display_name":"Boosting (machine learning)","score":0.5450059771537781},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inverse","display_name":"Inverse","score":0.5194380283355713},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tree","display_name":"Tree (set theory)","score":0.4860966205596924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inverse-problem","display_name":"Inverse problem","score":0.4780559837818146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/decision-tree","display_name":"Decision tree","score":0.45649993419647217},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.4237772822380066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-impedance","display_name":"Electrical impedance","score":0.32463234663009644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.15768885612487793}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7537841200828552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C155175808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1326472","display_name":"Electrical impedance tomography","level":3,"score":0.6666731238365173},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8642999","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4171168","display_name":"Hyperparameter","level":2,"score":0.6643978357315063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169258074","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q245748","display_name":"Random forest","level":2,"score":0.6256197094917297},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.6027406454086304},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5938443541526794},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.5809690356254578},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70153297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5591907","display_name":"Gradient boosting","level":3,"score":0.5737850069999695},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46686674","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466303","display_name":"Boosting (machine learning)","level":2,"score":0.5450059771537781},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207467116","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4385666","display_name":"Inverse","level":2,"score":0.5194380283355713},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113174947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2859736","display_name":"Tree (set theory)","level":2,"score":0.4860966205596924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C135252773","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1567213","display_name":"Inverse problem","level":2,"score":0.4780559837818146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84525736","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q831366","display_name":"Decision tree","level":2,"score":0.45649993419647217},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.4237772822380066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17829176","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179043","display_name":"Electrical impedance","level":2,"score":0.32463234663009644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.15768885612487793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/s00521-022-07988-7","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00521-022-07988-7","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00521-022-07988-7.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S147897268","display_name":"Neural Computing and Applications","issn_l":"0941-0643","issn":["0941-0643","1433-3058"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Neural Computing and Applications","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:minerva.usc.es:10347/29992","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10347/29992","pdf_url":"https://minerva.usc.es/bitstreams/793e1ab4-9827-4d08-b9fa-24c995287502/download","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400376","display_name":"Repositorio institucional da Universidade de Santiago de Compostela (University of Santiago de Compostela)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I200284239","host_organization_name":"Universidade de Santiago de Compostela","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200284239"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"journal article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s00521-022-07988-7","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00521-022-07988-7","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00521-022-07988-7.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S147897268","display_name":"Neural Computing and Applications","issn_l":"0941-0643","issn":["0941-0643","1433-3058"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Neural Computing and Applications","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1869016439","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2019-2022","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335322","funder_display_name":"European Regional Development Fund"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6206803543","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2019-2022 ED431G-2019/04","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335322","funder_display_name":"European Regional Development Fund"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6689507146","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"ED431G-2019/04","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335322","funder_display_name":"European Regional Development Fund"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320328802","display_name":"Universidade de Santiago de Compostela","ror":"https://ror.org/030eybx10"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335322","display_name":"European Regional Development Fund","ror":"https://ror.org/00k4n6c32"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4308347301.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4308347301.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":36,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W68876179","https://openalex.org/W1678356000","https://openalex.org/W2005681075","https://openalex.org/W2016344151","https://openalex.org/W2026752363","https://openalex.org/W2041556066","https://openalex.org/W2046131409","https://openalex.org/W2046465662","https://openalex.org/W2090963365","https://openalex.org/W2121228537","https://openalex.org/W2122825543","https://openalex.org/W2124929650","https://openalex.org/W2137425275","https://openalex.org/W2145306507","https://openalex.org/W2169791117","https://openalex.org/W2293310291","https://openalex.org/W2313404873","https://openalex.org/W2547655816","https://openalex.org/W2589422143","https://openalex.org/W2594988164","https://openalex.org/W2740337843","https://openalex.org/W2767248316","https://openalex.org/W2803200748","https://openalex.org/W2896344704","https://openalex.org/W2905450017","https://openalex.org/W2910112947","https://openalex.org/W2911964244","https://openalex.org/W2924523132","https://openalex.org/W2945973759","https://openalex.org/W2957316572","https://openalex.org/W3004288566","https://openalex.org/W3008580562","https://openalex.org/W3101681511","https://openalex.org/W3123944501","https://openalex.org/W3155422103","https://openalex.org/W4237018209"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2967733078","https://openalex.org/W3204430031","https://openalex.org/W3137904399","https://openalex.org/W4310492845","https://openalex.org/W2885778889","https://openalex.org/W2766514146","https://openalex.org/W2885516856","https://openalex.org/W4289703016","https://openalex.org/W3094138326","https://openalex.org/W4310224730"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"Electrical":[1],"Impedance":[2],"Tomography":[3],"(EIT)":[4],"is":[5,23,84],"a":[6,24,93,105,195,217,251],"non-invasive":[7],"technique":[8,50],"used":[9,35,162],"to":[10,36,72,96,188],"obtain":[11],"the":[12,18,28,44,74,79,98,129,142,155,159,166,182,200,211,234],"electrical":[13],"internal":[14,248,259],"conductivity":[15,260],"distribution":[16],"from":[17,27],"interior":[19],"of":[20,46,81,108,161,219,245,256],"bodies.":[21],"This":[22,102],"promising":[25],"method":[26],"manufacturing":[29],"viewpoint,":[30],"since":[31],"it":[32],"could":[33,164],"be":[34],"estimate":[37],"different":[38,148],"physical":[39],"inner":[40],"body":[41],"properties":[42],"during":[43,233],"production":[45],"goods.":[47],"Nevertheless,":[48],"this":[49,238],"requires":[51],"dealing":[52],"with":[53,190,216,229],"an":[54,243],"inverse":[55,75],"problem":[56,76],"that":[57,171],"makes":[58],"its":[59],"usage":[60],"in":[61],"real-time":[62],"processes":[63],"challenging.":[64],"Recently,":[65],"Machine":[66,111,185],"Learning":[67,112,186],"techniques":[68],"have":[69],"been":[70],"proposed":[71],"solve":[73],"accurately.":[77],"However,":[78],"majority":[80],"prior":[82],"research":[83],"focused":[85],"on":[86,135],"qualitative":[87],"results,":[88],"and":[89,125,147,158,222,250],"they":[90],"typically":[91],"lack":[92],"systematic":[94,106],"methodology":[95],"determine":[97],"optimal":[99],"hyperparameters":[100],"appropriately.":[101],"work":[103],"presents":[104],"comparison":[107],"six":[109],"popular":[110],"algorithms:":[113],"Artificial":[114],"Neural":[115,180],"Network,":[116],"Random":[117],"Forest,":[118],"K-Nearest":[119],"Neighbors,":[120],"Elastic":[121],"Net,":[122],"Ada":[123],"Boost,":[124],"Gradient":[126,213],"Boosting.":[127],"Particularly,":[128],"last":[130],"two":[131],"algorithms":[132],"were":[133,208],"based":[134],"decision":[136],"tree":[137],"learners.":[138],"Furthermore,":[139],"we":[140,152,241],"studied":[141],"relationship":[143],"between":[144],"model":[145,167,187,196,215],"performance":[146,197],"EIT":[149,201],"configurations.":[150],"Specifically,":[151],"analyzed":[153],"whether":[154],"measurement":[156,224],"pattern":[157],"number":[160],"electrodes":[163,231],"increase":[165],"performance.":[168],"Experiments":[169,192],"revealed":[170],"tree-based":[172,212],"models":[173],"present":[174],"high":[175],"performance,":[176],"even":[177],"better":[178],"than":[179],"Networks,":[181],"most":[183],"widely-used":[184],"deal":[189],"EIT.":[191],"also":[193],"showed":[194],"improvement":[198],"when":[199],"configuration":[202],"was":[203],"optimized.":[204],"Most":[205],"favorable":[206],"metrics":[207],"attained":[209],"using":[210],"Boosting":[214],"combination":[218],"both":[220],"adjacent":[221],"mono":[223],"patterns":[225],"as":[226,228],"well":[227],"32":[230],"deployed":[232],"tomographic":[235],"process.":[236],"With":[237],"particular":[239],"setting,":[240],"achieved":[242],"accuracy":[244],"99.14%":[246],"detecting":[247],"artifacts":[249],"Root":[252],"Mean":[253],"Square":[254],"Error":[255],"4.75":[257],"predicting":[258],"distributions.":[261]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-07-23T08:03:31.855105","created_date":"2022-11-11T00:00:00"}
