{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4285394443","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00521-022-07523-8","title":"Streamflow modelling and forecasting for Canadian watersheds using LSTM networks with attention mechanism","display_name":"Streamflow modelling and forecasting for Canadian watersheds using LSTM networks with attention mechanism","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-07-13","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4285394443","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00521-022-07523-8"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s00521-022-07523-8","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00521-022-07523-8","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00521-022-07523-8.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S147897268","display_name":"Neural Computing and Applications","issn_l":"0941-0643","issn":["0941-0643","1433-3058"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Neural Computing and Applications","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00521-022-07523-8.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033365689","display_name":"Lakshika Girihagama","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6401-4696"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210159778","display_name":"National Research Council Canada","ror":"https://ror.org/04mte1k06","country_code":"CA","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210159778"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Lakshika Girihagama","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Research Council Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Research Council Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210159778"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074742045","display_name":"Muhammad Naveed Khaliq","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0451-7480"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210159778","display_name":"National Research Council Canada","ror":"https://ror.org/04mte1k06","country_code":"CA","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210159778"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Muhammad Naveed Khaliq","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Research Council Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Research Council Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210159778"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044037051","display_name":"Philippe Lamontagne","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4122-0208"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210159778","display_name":"National Research Council Canada","ror":"https://ror.org/04mte1k06","country_code":"CA","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210159778"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Philippe Lamontagne","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Research Council Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Research Council Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210159778"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052819111","display_name":"John Perdikaris","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I90671498","display_name":"Ontario Power Generation","ror":"https://ror.org/01kvp0178","country_code":"CA","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I90671498"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"John Perdikaris","raw_affiliation_strings":["Ontario Power Generation, Niagara Falls, ON, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ontario Power Generation, Niagara Falls, ON, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I90671498"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013253334","display_name":"Ren\u00e9 Roy","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5638-7302"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ren\u00e9 Roy","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hydro M\u00e9t\u00e9o, Notre-Dame-des-Prairies, QC, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hydro M\u00e9t\u00e9o, Notre-Dame-des-Prairies, QC, Canada","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006146775","display_name":"Laxmi Sushama","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0852-1009"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I5023651","display_name":"McGill University","ror":"https://ror.org/01pxwe438","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I5023651"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Laxmi Sushama","raw_affiliation_strings":["McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I5023651"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029640828","display_name":"Amin Elshorbagy","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5740-8029"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32625721","display_name":"University of Saskatchewan","ror":"https://ror.org/010x8gc63","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32625721"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Amin Elshorbagy","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32625721"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5033365689"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210159778"],"apc_list":{"value":2390,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":2990},"apc_paid":{"value":2390,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":2990},"fwci":7.1378,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":92,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98079952,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"34","issue":"22","first_page":"19995","last_page":"20015"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10330","display_name":"Hydrology and Watershed Management Studies","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2312","display_name":"Water Science and Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10330","display_name":"Hydrology and Watershed Management Studies","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2312","display_name":"Water Science and Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11490","display_name":"Hydrological Forecasting Using AI","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10930","display_name":"Flood Risk Assessment and Management","score":0.9986000061035156,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/streamflow","display_name":"Streamflow","score":0.7439248561859131},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/benchmark","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","score":0.7210289835929871},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7072455883026123},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hydrograph","display_name":"Hydrograph","score":0.6903041005134583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/flood-forecasting","display_name":"Flood forecasting","score":0.5621100664138794},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/watershed","display_name":"Watershed","score":0.5107619762420654},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.4813992977142334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.44963711500167847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sequence","display_name":"Sequence (biology)","score":0.44648200273513794},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.42008769512176514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.4110889434814453},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/flood-myth","display_name":"Flood myth","score":0.3995034396648407},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/drainage-basin","display_name":"Drainage basin","score":0.1253868043422699},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cartography","display_name":"Cartography","score":0.0867789089679718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.0846996009349823}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C53739315","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q29425295","display_name":"Streamflow","level":3,"score":0.7439248561859131},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185798385","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1161707","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","level":2,"score":0.7210289835929871},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7072455883026123},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154936535","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q320062","display_name":"Hydrograph","level":3,"score":0.6903041005134583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C183195422","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3409303","display_name":"Flood forecasting","level":3,"score":0.5621100664138794},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150547873","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q947851","display_name":"Watershed","level":2,"score":0.5107619762420654},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.4813992977142334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.44963711500167847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778112365","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3511065","display_name":"Sequence (biology)","level":2,"score":0.44648200273513794},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.42008769512176514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.4110889434814453},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74256435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q134052","display_name":"Flood myth","level":2,"score":0.3995034396648407},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126645576","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q166620","display_name":"Drainage basin","level":2,"score":0.1253868043422699},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58640448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42515","display_name":"Cartography","level":1,"score":0.0867789089679718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.0846996009349823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54355233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162","display_name":"Genetics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/s00521-022-07523-8","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00521-022-07523-8","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00521-022-07523-8.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S147897268","display_name":"Neural Computing and Applications","issn_l":"0941-0643","issn":["0941-0643","1433-3058"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Neural Computing and Applications","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:cisti-icist.nrc-cnrc.ca:cistinparc:ee4e5b53-e880-47ed-8fc5-13dee6110d3b","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://nrc-publications.canada.ca/eng/view/object/?id=ee4e5b53-e880-47ed-8fc5-13dee6110d3b","pdf_url":"https://nrc-publications.canada.ca/eng/view/ft/?id=ee4e5b53-e880-47ed-8fc5-13dee6110d3b","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407055245","display_name":"NPARC","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s00521-022-07523-8","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00521-022-07523-8","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00521-022-07523-8.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S147897268","display_name":"Neural Computing and Applications","issn_l":"0941-0643","issn":["0941-0643","1433-3058"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Neural Computing and Applications","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Clean water and sanitation","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/6","score":0.4000000059604645}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334601","display_name":"National Research Council Canada","ror":"https://ror.org/04mte1k06"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4285394443.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4285394443.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":51,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W169873142","https://openalex.org/W642783518","https://openalex.org/W1592303791","https://openalex.org/W1999550839","https://openalex.org/W2011301426","https://openalex.org/W2013679974","https://openalex.org/W2016098675","https://openalex.org/W2026521426","https://openalex.org/W2033904036","https://openalex.org/W2046334024","https://openalex.org/W2054163366","https://openalex.org/W2058998445","https://openalex.org/W2059704524","https://openalex.org/W2061377831","https://openalex.org/W2061471591","https://openalex.org/W2064675550","https://openalex.org/W2070909614","https://openalex.org/W2102079655","https://openalex.org/W2107878631","https://openalex.org/W2122389133","https://openalex.org/W2138763184","https://openalex.org/W2153754330","https://openalex.org/W2157331557","https://openalex.org/W2161540146","https://openalex.org/W2277086328","https://openalex.org/W2342249984","https://openalex.org/W2510855144","https://openalex.org/W2766736793","https://openalex.org/W2792919287","https://openalex.org/W2800819102","https://openalex.org/W2898661956","https://openalex.org/W2898791292","https://openalex.org/W2899023746","https://openalex.org/W2942300526","https://openalex.org/W2951276077","https://openalex.org/W2984709157","https://openalex.org/W2989857225","https://openalex.org/W2995149074","https://openalex.org/W2998081509","https://openalex.org/W2998268303","https://openalex.org/W3003741609","https://openalex.org/W3018770027","https://openalex.org/W3021538729","https://openalex.org/W3035965352","https://openalex.org/W3088901673","https://openalex.org/W3092026988","https://openalex.org/W3099878876","https://openalex.org/W3136179920","https://openalex.org/W3150635270","https://openalex.org/W3168719587","https://openalex.org/W3186291936"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2184577786","https://openalex.org/W1994765200","https://openalex.org/W4220822099","https://openalex.org/W2259588401","https://openalex.org/W4320013113","https://openalex.org/W2050590406","https://openalex.org/W3039446713","https://openalex.org/W4285732890","https://openalex.org/W4402153498","https://openalex.org/W2186700429"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"This":[1],"study":[2,229],"investigates":[3],"the":[4,44,51,90,96,107,134,137,142,149,154,171,210,220,228,232],"capability":[5],"of":[6,43,78,101,106,111,153,170,181,204,223,227],"sequence-to-sequence":[7],"machine":[8],"learning":[9],"(ML)":[10],"architectures":[11],"in":[12,145,157,179],"an":[13,103],"effort":[14],"to":[15,27,122,130,191,206],"develop":[16],"streamflow":[17,245],"forecasting":[18,36,246],"tools":[19,24],"for":[20,85,163,196,243,248],"Canadian":[21,249],"watersheds.":[22,198,250],"Such":[23],"are":[25,120],"useful":[26],"inform":[28],"local":[29],"and":[30,34,53,69,113,151,185,194],"region-specific":[31],"water":[32],"management":[33],"flood":[35],"related":[37],"activities.":[38],"Two":[39],"powerful":[40,240],"deep-learning":[41],"variants":[42],"Recurrent":[45],"Neural":[46],"Network":[47],"were":[48,63,83],"investigated,":[49],"namely":[50],"standard":[52,143],"attention-based":[54],"encoder-decoder":[55],"long":[56],"short-term":[57],"memory":[58],"(LSTM)":[59],"models.":[60],"Both":[61],"models":[62,82,119],"forced":[64],"with":[65,73,201,209,217,235],"past":[66],"hydro-meteorological":[67],"states":[68],"daily":[70],"meteorological":[71],"data":[72],"a":[74,239],"look-back":[75],"time":[76],"window":[77],"several":[79],"days.":[80],"These":[81],"tested":[84],"10":[86],"different":[87],"watersheds":[88],"from":[89],"Ottawa":[91],"River":[92],"watershed,":[93],"located":[94],"within":[95],"Great":[97],"Lakes":[98],"Saint-Lawrence":[99],"region":[100],"Canada,":[102],"economic":[104],"powerhouse":[105],"country.":[108],"The":[109,166,225],"results":[110,226],"training":[112],"testing":[114],"phases":[115],"suggest":[116,230],"that":[117,231],"both":[118],"able":[121],"simulate":[123],"overall":[124,214],"hydrograph":[125],"patterns":[126],"well":[127,161,218],"when":[128,177],"compared":[129],"observational":[131],"records.":[132],"Between":[133],"two":[135],"models,":[136],"attention":[138,155,172,211,236],"model":[139,144,173,212],"significantly":[140],"outperforms":[141],"all":[146],"watersheds,":[147],"suggesting":[148],"importance":[150],"usefulness":[152],"mechanism":[156],"ML":[158],"architectures,":[159],"not":[160],"explored":[162],"hydrological":[164],"applications.":[165],"mean":[167,182],"performance":[168,216],"accuracy":[169,222],"on":[174],"unseen":[175],"data,":[176],"assessed":[178],"terms":[180],"Nash\u2013Sutcliffe":[183],"Efficiency":[184,187],"Kling-Gupta":[186],"is,":[188],"respectively,":[189],"found":[190],"be":[192],"0.985":[193],"0.954":[195],"these":[197],"Streamflow":[199],"forecasts":[200],"lead":[202],"times":[203],"up":[205],"5":[207],"days":[208],"demonstrate":[213],"skillful":[215],"above":[219],"benchmark":[221],"70%.":[224],"encoder\u2013decoder":[233],"LSTM,":[234],"mechanism,":[237],"is":[238],"modelling":[241],"choice":[242],"developing":[244],"systems":[247]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":33},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":32},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":19},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-03-26T15:22:09.906841","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}