{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3180802476","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00521-021-06258-2","title":"Optimisation of used nuclear fuel canister loading using a neural network and genetic algorithm","display_name":"Optimisation of used nuclear fuel canister loading using a neural network and genetic algorithm","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-07-04","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3180802476","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00521-021-06258-2","mag":"3180802476"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s00521-021-06258-2","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00521-021-06258-2","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00521-021-06258-2.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S147897268","display_name":"Neural Computing and Applications","issn_l":"0941-0643","issn":["0941-0643","1433-3058"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Neural Computing and Applications","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00521-021-06258-2.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071392524","display_name":"Virginie Solans","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6839-3435"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I123387679","display_name":"Uppsala University","ror":"https://ror.org/048a87296","country_code":"SE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I123387679"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802229908","display_name":"Paul Scherrer Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/03eh3y714","country_code":"CH","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799323385","https://openalex.org/I2802229908"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I5124864","display_name":"\u00c9cole Polytechnique F\u00e9d\u00e9rale de Lausanne","ror":"https://ror.org/02s376052","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799323385","https://openalex.org/I5124864"]}],"countries":["CH","SE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Virginie Solans","raw_affiliation_strings":["Paul Scherrer Institute, Forschungsstrasse 111, 5232, Villigen PSI, Switzerland","Section of Physics, \u00c9cole polytechnique f\u00e9d\u00e9rale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland","Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6839-3435","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Paul Scherrer Institute, Forschungsstrasse 111, 5232, Villigen PSI, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802229908"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Section of Physics, \u00c9cole polytechnique f\u00e9d\u00e9rale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I5124864"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I123387679"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091591081","display_name":"D. Rochman","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5089-7034"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802229908","display_name":"Paul Scherrer Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/03eh3y714","country_code":"CH","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799323385","https://openalex.org/I2802229908"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dimitri Rochman","raw_affiliation_strings":["Paul Scherrer Institute, Forschungsstrasse 111, 5232, Villigen PSI, Switzerland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Paul Scherrer Institute, Forschungsstrasse 111, 5232, Villigen PSI, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802229908"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059765797","display_name":"Christian Brazell","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I91045830","display_name":"Texas A&M University","ror":"https://ror.org/01f5ytq51","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I91045830"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Christian Brazell","raw_affiliation_strings":["Texas A & M University, TX, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Texas A & M University, TX, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91045830"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017433011","display_name":"A. Vasiliev","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9663-8663"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802229908","display_name":"Paul Scherrer Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/03eh3y714","country_code":"CH","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799323385","https://openalex.org/I2802229908"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alexander Vasiliev","raw_affiliation_strings":["Paul Scherrer Institute, Forschungsstrasse 111, 5232, Villigen PSI, Switzerland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Paul Scherrer Institute, Forschungsstrasse 111, 5232, Villigen PSI, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802229908"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064427990","display_name":"H. Ferroukhi","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802229908","display_name":"Paul Scherrer Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/03eh3y714","country_code":"CH","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799323385","https://openalex.org/I2802229908"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hakim Ferroukhi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Paul Scherrer Institute, Forschungsstrasse 111, 5232, Villigen PSI, Switzerland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Paul Scherrer Institute, Forschungsstrasse 111, 5232, Villigen PSI, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802229908"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013079784","display_name":"Andreas Pautz","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3242-4305"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802229908","display_name":"Paul Scherrer Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/03eh3y714","country_code":"CH","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799323385","https://openalex.org/I2802229908"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I5124864","display_name":"\u00c9cole Polytechnique F\u00e9d\u00e9rale de Lausanne","ror":"https://ror.org/02s376052","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799323385","https://openalex.org/I5124864"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Andreas Pautz","raw_affiliation_strings":["Paul Scherrer Institute, Forschungsstrasse 111, 5232, Villigen PSI, Switzerland","Section of Physics, \u00c9cole polytechnique f\u00e9d\u00e9rale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Paul Scherrer Institute, Forschungsstrasse 111, 5232, Villigen PSI, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802229908"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Section of Physics, \u00c9cole polytechnique f\u00e9d\u00e9rale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I5124864"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5071392524"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I123387679","https://openalex.org/I2802229908","https://openalex.org/I5124864"],"apc_list":{"value":2390,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":2990},"apc_paid":{"value":2390,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":2990},"fwci":17.5173,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":22,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98548221,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"33","issue":"23","first_page":"16627","last_page":"16639"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10597","display_name":"Nuclear reactor physics and engineering","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10597","display_name":"Nuclear reactor physics and engineering","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11242","display_name":"Nuclear Materials and Properties","score":0.9939000010490417,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2505","display_name":"Materials Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11949","display_name":"Nuclear Physics and Applications","score":0.991599977016449,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3108","display_name":"Radiation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.7263835072517395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spent-nuclear-fuel","display_name":"Spent nuclear fuel","score":0.5163427591323853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.48379915952682495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.46743717789649963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science","display_name":"Materials science","score":0.36267775297164917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nuclear-engineering","display_name":"Nuclear engineering","score":0.34369808435440063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.336971253156662},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.10798010230064392}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.7263835072517395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C7083945","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2623868","display_name":"Spent nuclear fuel","level":2,"score":0.5163427591323853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.48379915952682495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.46743717789649963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.36267775297164917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116915560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83504","display_name":"Nuclear engineering","level":1,"score":0.34369808435440063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.336971253156662},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.10798010230064392}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/s00521-021-06258-2","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00521-021-06258-2","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00521-021-06258-2.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S147897268","display_name":"Neural Computing and Applications","issn_l":"0941-0643","issn":["0941-0643","1433-3058"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Neural Computing and Applications","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:infoscience.epfl.ch:287371","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://infoscience.epfl.ch/handle/20.500.14299/180072","pdf_url":"http://infoscience.epfl.ch/record/287371","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400487","display_name":"Infoscience (Ecole Polytechnique F\u00e9d\u00e9rale de Lausanne)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"WoS","raw_type":"research article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:DiVA.org:uu-468155","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-468155","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401559","display_name":"KTH Publication Database DiVA (KTH Royal Institute of Technology)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Article in journal"},{"id":"pmh:oai:dora:psi_38167","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.dora.lib4ri.ch/psi/islandora/object/psi%3A38167","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402574","display_name":"DORA PSI (Paul Scherrer Institute)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2802229908","host_organization_name":"Paul Scherrer Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2802229908"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Neural Computing & Applications","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s00521-021-06258-2","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00521-021-06258-2","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00521-021-06258-2.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S147897268","display_name":"Neural Computing and Applications","issn_l":"0941-0643","issn":["0941-0643","1433-3058"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Neural Computing and Applications","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320915","display_name":"\u00c9cole Polytechnique F\u00e9d\u00e9rale de Lausanne","ror":"https://ror.org/02s376052"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320923","display_name":"Branco Weiss Fellowship \u2013 Society in Science","ror":"https://ror.org/05a28rw58"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320924","display_name":"Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur F\u00f6rderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung","ror":"https://ror.org/00yjd3n13"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3180802476.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3180802476.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":21,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1982678764","https://openalex.org/W1988580765","https://openalex.org/W1993377960","https://openalex.org/W2044165725","https://openalex.org/W2077231532","https://openalex.org/W2236797962","https://openalex.org/W2268988021","https://openalex.org/W2340693658","https://openalex.org/W2594514806","https://openalex.org/W2604287326","https://openalex.org/W2612694729","https://openalex.org/W2739423000","https://openalex.org/W2755205198","https://openalex.org/W2803596416","https://openalex.org/W2808222176","https://openalex.org/W2913195228","https://openalex.org/W2914601173","https://openalex.org/W2957383338","https://openalex.org/W2967312813","https://openalex.org/W2995837182","https://openalex.org/W3094465766"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2051487156","https://openalex.org/W2073681303","https://openalex.org/W2544423928","https://openalex.org/W2052122378","https://openalex.org/W2053286651","https://openalex.org/W2181743346","https://openalex.org/W2187401768","https://openalex.org/W2181413294","https://openalex.org/W2319879671","https://openalex.org/W2906850239"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"This":[1,257],"paper":[2],"presents":[3],"an":[4,24,38],"approach":[5],"for":[6,160,225],"the":[7,62,73,102,108,125,139,152,174,200,205,218,263,275],"optimisation":[8,201,212],"of":[9,18,79,91,220,262,281],"geological":[10,75],"disposal":[11,71],"canister":[12,109,162,175],"loadings,":[13],"combining":[14],"high":[15],"resolution":[16],"simulations":[17],"used":[19,33,82],"nuclear":[20,34,83],"fuel":[21,40,84,93,103],"characteristics":[22],"with":[23],"articial":[25],"neural":[26,129,209,264],"network":[27,130,265],"and":[28,65,97,107,185,228,239,244,266,270],"a":[29,50,89,128,134,260,278],"genetic":[30,166,267],"algorithm.":[31],"The":[32,77,188,211],"fuels":[35],"(produced":[36],"in":[37,45,61,72,274],"open":[39],"cycle":[41],"without":[42],"reprocessing)":[43],"considered":[44],"this":[46],"work":[47],"come":[48],"from":[49],"Swiss":[51],"Pressurised":[52],"Water":[53],"Reactor,":[54],"taking":[55],"into":[56],"account":[57],"their":[58,70],"realistic":[59],"lifetime":[60],"reactor":[63],"core":[64],"cooling":[66],"periods,":[67],"up":[68],"to":[69,137,150,171,216,241,277],"final":[74],"repository.":[76],"case":[78],"212":[80],"representative":[81],"assemblies":[85,94],"is":[86,131,168,203],"analysed,":[87],"assuming":[88],"loading":[90,163],"4":[92],"per":[95],"canister,":[96],"optimizing":[98],"two":[99],"safety":[100],"parameters:":[101],"decay":[104],"heat":[105],"(DH)":[106],"effective":[110],"neutron":[111],"multiplication":[112],"factor":[113],"k":[114,140,176,189,229,245],"$$_{\\mathrm{eff}}$$":[115,141,177,190,230,246],"<mml:math":[116,142,178,191,231,247],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\">":[117,143,179,192,232,248],"<mml:msub>":[118,144,180,193,233,249],"<mml:mrow/>":[119,145,181,194,234,250],"<mml:mi>eff</mml:mi>":[120,146,182,195,235,251],"</mml:msub>":[121,147,183,196,236,252],"</mml:math>":[122,148,184,197,237,253],".":[123],"In":[124],"present":[126],"approach,":[127],"trained":[132],"as":[133],"surrogate":[135],"model":[136],"evaluate":[138],"value":[149],"substitute":[151],"time-consuming-code":[153],"Monte":[154],"Carlo":[155],"transport":[156],"&amp;":[157],"depletion":[158],"SERPENT":[159],"specific":[161],"calculations.":[164],"A":[165],"algorithm":[167,202,213,268],"then":[169],"developed":[170,207],"optimise":[172],"simultaneously":[173],"DH":[186,227,243],"values.":[187],"computed":[198],"during":[199],"using":[204],"previously":[206],"artificial":[208],"network.":[210],"allows":[214],"(1)":[215],"minimize":[217,242],"number":[219,280],"canisters,":[221],"given":[222],"assumed":[223],"limits":[224],"both":[226],"quantities":[238],"(2)":[240],"differences":[254],"among":[255],"canisters.":[256],"study":[258],"represents":[259],"proof-of-principle":[261],"capabilities,":[269],"will":[271],"be":[272],"applied":[273],"future":[276],"larger":[279],"cases.":[282]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-05-13T08:25:38.343686","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}