{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2092303846","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00521-014-1618-9","title":"Annotated comparisons of proposed preprocessing techniques for script recognition","display_name":"Annotated comparisons of proposed preprocessing techniques for script recognition","publication_year":2014,"publication_date":"2014-07-10","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2092303846","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00521-014-1618-9","mag":"2092303846"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s00521-014-1618-9","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00521-014-1618-9","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S147897268","display_name":"Neural Computing and Applications","issn_l":"0941-0643","issn":["0941-0643","1433-3058"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Neural Computing and Applications","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018549351","display_name":"Tanzila Saba","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3138-3801"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142024983","display_name":"Prince Sultan University","ror":"https://ror.org/053mqrf26","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142024983"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tanzila Saba","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Computer and Information Sciences, Prince Sultan University, Riyadh, KSA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer and Information Sciences, Prince Sultan University, Riyadh, KSA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142024983"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062125413","display_name":"Amjad Rehman","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3817-2655"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4576418","display_name":"University of Technology Malaysia","ror":"https://ror.org/026w31v75","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4576418"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Amjad Rehman","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Computing, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru, Malaysia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Computing, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4576418"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027778889","display_name":"Ayman Altameem","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9946-423X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I28022161","display_name":"King Saud University","ror":"https://ror.org/02f81g417","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I28022161"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ayman Altameem","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Applied Studies and Community Services, King Saud University, Riyadh, KSA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Applied Studies and Community Services, King Saud University, Riyadh, KSA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28022161"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009473482","display_name":"Mueen Uddin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1919-3407"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4164984","display_name":"International Islamic University Malaysia","ror":"https://ror.org/03s9hs139","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4164984"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mueen Uddin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Kulliah of Information and Communication Technology, International Islamic University Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Kulliah of Information and Communication Technology, International Islamic University Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4164984"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5062125413"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4576418"],"apc_list":{"value":2390,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":2990},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":5.1832,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":55,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96610549,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"25","issue":"6","first_page":"1337","last_page":"1347"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10601","display_name":"Handwritten Text Recognition Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10601","display_name":"Handwritten Text Recognition Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10824","display_name":"Image Retrieval and Classification Techniques","score":0.9975000023841858,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14339","display_name":"Image Processing and 3D Reconstruction","score":0.9973000288009644,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8573428392410278},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/preprocessor","display_name":"Preprocessor","score":0.806925892829895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cursive","display_name":"Cursive","score":0.7657409906387329},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6205079555511475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/skew","display_name":"Skew","score":0.5824757218360901},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.5714366436004639},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/benchmark","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","score":0.5495853424072266},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/smoothing","display_name":"Smoothing","score":0.5169974565505981},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computational-science-and-engineering","display_name":"Computational Science and Engineering","score":0.513410210609436},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/unix","display_name":"Unix","score":0.4909406006336212},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/segmentation","display_name":"Segmentation","score":0.4587647318840027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optical-character-recognition","display_name":"Optical character recognition","score":0.4352586269378662},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-recognition","display_name":"Speech recognition","score":0.3792409896850586},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.2767590582370758},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.18838739395141602},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.1802058219909668},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software","display_name":"Software","score":0.14417803287506104}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8573428392410278},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34736171","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q918333","display_name":"Preprocessor","level":2,"score":0.806925892829895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778943297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1079418","display_name":"Cursive","level":2,"score":0.7657409906387329},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6205079555511475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43711488","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7534783","display_name":"Skew","level":2,"score":0.5824757218360901},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.5714366436004639},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185798385","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1161707","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","level":2,"score":0.5495853424072266},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3770464","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q775963","display_name":"Smoothing","level":2,"score":0.5169974565505981},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68597687","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q362601","display_name":"Computational Science and Engineering","level":2,"score":0.513410210609436},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112968700","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11368","display_name":"Unix","level":3,"score":0.4909406006336212},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89600930","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423946","display_name":"Segmentation","level":2,"score":0.4587647318840027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C546480517","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q167555","display_name":"Optical character recognition","level":3,"score":0.4352586269378662},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.3792409896850586},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.2767590582370758},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.18838739395141602},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.1802058219909668},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.14417803287506104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13280743","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131089","display_name":"Geodesy","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/s00521-014-1618-9","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00521-014-1618-9","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S147897268","display_name":"Neural Computing and Applications","issn_l":"0941-0643","issn":["0941-0643","1433-3058"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Neural Computing and Applications","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8299999833106995,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","display_name":"Quality Education"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":81,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W146564573","https://openalex.org/W1032917029","https://openalex.org/W1043047384","https://openalex.org/W1490482062","https://openalex.org/W1490577478","https://openalex.org/W1493935830","https://openalex.org/W1530576903","https://openalex.org/W1532573643","https://openalex.org/W1546478626","https://openalex.org/W1556730113","https://openalex.org/W1591783332","https://openalex.org/W1661604257","https://openalex.org/W1822371218","https://openalex.org/W1842150623","https://openalex.org/W1968568012","https://openalex.org/W1972726009","https://openalex.org/W1979517482","https://openalex.org/W1984116876","https://openalex.org/W1985630845","https://openalex.org/W1992152861","https://openalex.org/W1993697526","https://openalex.org/W2000344979","https://openalex.org/W2007222021","https://openalex.org/W2010332406","https://openalex.org/W2016161667","https://openalex.org/W2021577806","https://openalex.org/W2039098241","https://openalex.org/W2040304231","https://openalex.org/W2043362775","https://openalex.org/W2047117289","https://openalex.org/W2049880474","https://openalex.org/W2054105434","https://openalex.org/W2061994628","https://openalex.org/W2075727524","https://openalex.org/W2093530704","https://openalex.org/W2094001705","https://openalex.org/W2094003795","https://openalex.org/W2094719280","https://openalex.org/W2096550858","https://openalex.org/W2098363730","https://openalex.org/W2100409056","https://openalex.org/W2102633905","https://openalex.org/W2104209319","https://openalex.org/W2104806940","https://openalex.org/W2109531481","https://openalex.org/W2112198772","https://openalex.org/W2114450867","https://openalex.org/W2120686266","https://openalex.org/W2122550504","https://openalex.org/W2124477799","https://openalex.org/W2125048304","https://openalex.org/W2128437624","https://openalex.org/W2134160826","https://openalex.org/W2135164809","https://openalex.org/W2136658783","https://openalex.org/W2137131886","https://openalex.org/W2139392961","https://openalex.org/W2140042332","https://openalex.org/W2141394895","https://openalex.org/W2145684309","https://openalex.org/W2149319679","https://openalex.org/W2149597185","https://openalex.org/W2153767088","https://openalex.org/W2157645019","https://openalex.org/W2158390728","https://openalex.org/W2159275420","https://openalex.org/W2161977046","https://openalex.org/W2162770305","https://openalex.org/W2163113711","https://openalex.org/W2163374925","https://openalex.org/W2167463180","https://openalex.org/W2168598196","https://openalex.org/W2170397084","https://openalex.org/W2171498274","https://openalex.org/W2172248551","https://openalex.org/W2338475981","https://openalex.org/W2505385391","https://openalex.org/W2791805171","https://openalex.org/W4229879480","https://openalex.org/W4239099694","https://openalex.org/W4285719527"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2559352488","https://openalex.org/W4309734222","https://openalex.org/W2188440461","https://openalex.org/W2964044735","https://openalex.org/W4300560548","https://openalex.org/W1996182847","https://openalex.org/W2557740161","https://openalex.org/W3035903760","https://openalex.org/W2129386218","https://openalex.org/W2130196934"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}