{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7162783671","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00502-026-01432-7","title":"MERLIN: a\u00a0secure, blackout-resilient communication system for emergency communication and critical entities integration","display_name":"MERLIN: a\u00a0secure, blackout-resilient communication system for emergency communication and critical entities integration","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-05-29","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7162783671","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00502-026-01432-7"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s00502-026-01432-7","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00502-026-01432-7","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00502-026-01432-7.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S36874608","display_name":"e+i Elektrotechnik und Informationstechnik","issn_l":"0932-383X","issn":["0932-383X","1613-7620"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"e+i Elektrotechnik und Informationstechnik","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00502-026-01432-7.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5118138634","display_name":"Johann Altgenug","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I40527276","display_name":"Universit\u00e4t der Bundeswehr M\u00fcnchen","ror":"https://ror.org/05kkv3f82","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1315109972","https://openalex.org/I40527276","https://openalex.org/I4387152969"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Johann Altgenug","raw_affiliation_strings":["Research Institute Cyber Defense (RI CODE), University of the Bundeswehr Munich, Werner-Heisenberg-Weg 39, 85579, Neubiberg, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Research Institute Cyber Defense (RI CODE), University of the Bundeswehr Munich, Werner-Heisenberg-Weg 39, 85579, Neubiberg, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40527276"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022524031","display_name":"Michael Grabatin","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I40527276","display_name":"Universit\u00e4t der Bundeswehr M\u00fcnchen","ror":"https://ror.org/05kkv3f82","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1315109972","https://openalex.org/I40527276","https://openalex.org/I4387152969"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Michael Grabatin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Research Institute Cyber Defense (RI CODE), University of the Bundeswehr Munich, Werner-Heisenberg-Weg 39, 85579, Neubiberg, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Research Institute Cyber Defense (RI CODE), University of the Bundeswehr Munich, Werner-Heisenberg-Weg 39, 85579, Neubiberg, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40527276"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054066129","display_name":"Wolfgang Hommel","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1013-7284"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I40527276","display_name":"Universit\u00e4t der Bundeswehr M\u00fcnchen","ror":"https://ror.org/05kkv3f82","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1315109972","https://openalex.org/I40527276","https://openalex.org/I4387152969"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wolfgang Hommel","raw_affiliation_strings":["Research Institute Cyber Defense (RI CODE), University of the Bundeswehr Munich, Werner-Heisenberg-Weg 39, 85579, Neubiberg, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Research Institute Cyber Defense (RI CODE), University of the Bundeswehr Munich, Werner-Heisenberg-Weg 39, 85579, Neubiberg, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40527276"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5120084010","display_name":"Mario Silaci","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I40527276","display_name":"Universit\u00e4t der Bundeswehr M\u00fcnchen","ror":"https://ror.org/05kkv3f82","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1315109972","https://openalex.org/I40527276","https://openalex.org/I4387152969"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mario Silaci","raw_affiliation_strings":["Research Institute Cyber Defense (RI CODE), University of the Bundeswehr Munich, Werner-Heisenberg-Weg 39, 85579, Neubiberg, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Research Institute Cyber Defense (RI CODE), University of the Bundeswehr Munich, Werner-Heisenberg-Weg 39, 85579, Neubiberg, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40527276"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5137374410","display_name":"Laura Stojko","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3286-2003"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I40527276","display_name":"Universit\u00e4t der Bundeswehr M\u00fcnchen","ror":"https://ror.org/05kkv3f82","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1315109972","https://openalex.org/I40527276","https://openalex.org/I4387152969"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Laura Stojko","raw_affiliation_strings":["Research Institute Cyber Defense (RI CODE), University of the Bundeswehr Munich, Werner-Heisenberg-Weg 39, 85579, Neubiberg, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3286-2003","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Research Institute Cyber Defense (RI CODE), University of the Bundeswehr Munich, Werner-Heisenberg-Weg 39, 85579, Neubiberg, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40527276"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5137374410"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40527276"],"apc_list":{"value":3090,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3090},"apc_paid":{"value":3090,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3090},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.53763815,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"143","issue":"3-4","first_page":"339","last_page":"346"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12079","display_name":"IoT Networks and Protocols","score":0.5766000151634216,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12079","display_name":"IoT Networks and Protocols","score":0.5766000151634216,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12216","display_name":"Network Time Synchronization Technologies","score":0.02410000003874302,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10080","display_name":"Energy Efficient Wireless Sensor Networks","score":0.014299999922513962,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/crisis-communication","display_name":"Crisis communication","score":0.5490000247955322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/emergency-management","display_name":"Emergency management","score":0.5252000093460083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/communications-system","display_name":"Communications system","score":0.5059999823570251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/communications-protocol","display_name":"Communications protocol","score":0.4636000096797943},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/critical-infrastructure","display_name":"Critical infrastructure","score":0.4546999931335449},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mobile-telephony","display_name":"Mobile telephony","score":0.41600000858306885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/communications-management","display_name":"Communications management","score":0.39570000767707825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/risk-communication","display_name":"Risk communication","score":0.335999995470047}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776058685","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q378874","display_name":"Crisis communication","level":2,"score":0.5490000247955322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62555980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1460420","display_name":"Emergency management","level":2,"score":0.5252000093460083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C101765175","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q577764","display_name":"Communications system","level":2,"score":0.5059999823570251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4803999960422516},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.46959999203681946},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12269588","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q132364","display_name":"Communications protocol","level":2,"score":0.4636000096797943},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29852176","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q373338","display_name":"Critical infrastructure","level":2,"score":0.4546999931335449},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95491727","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q992968","display_name":"Mobile telephony","level":3,"score":0.41600000858306885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159517358","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4120586","display_name":"Communications management","level":2,"score":0.39570000767707825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.3549000024795532},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3017634809","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q84862664","display_name":"Risk communication","level":2,"score":0.335999995470047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112930515","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4389547","display_name":"Risk analysis (engineering)","level":1,"score":0.3312999904155731},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.3262999951839447},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.32199999690055847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192126672","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1068715","display_name":"Telecommunications network","level":2,"score":0.2897000014781952},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780385302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q367158","display_name":"Protocol (science)","level":3,"score":0.2838999927043915},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160331591","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7075743","display_name":"Occupancy","level":2,"score":0.2800000011920929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3017997152","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q814610","display_name":"Emergency response","level":2,"score":0.2689000070095062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.26589998602867126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2985105721","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13479512","display_name":"Incident response","level":2,"score":0.2599000036716461},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C67363961","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5268834","display_name":"Information and Communications Technology","level":2,"score":0.2563000023365021},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107826830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q929380","display_name":"Environmental resource management","level":1,"score":0.2524999976158142}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/s00502-026-01432-7","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00502-026-01432-7","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00502-026-01432-7.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S36874608","display_name":"e+i Elektrotechnik und Informationstechnik","issn_l":"0932-383X","issn":["0932-383X","1613-7620"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"e+i Elektrotechnik und Informationstechnik","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s00502-026-01432-7","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00502-026-01432-7","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00502-026-01432-7.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S36874608","display_name":"e+i Elektrotechnik und Informationstechnik","issn_l":"0932-383X","issn":["0932-383X","1613-7620"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"e+i Elektrotechnik und Informationstechnik","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F3194594166","display_name":"Universit\u00e4t der Bundeswehr M\u00fcnchen","ror":"https://ror.org/05kkv3f82"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","display_name":"European Commission","ror":"https://ror.org/00k4n6c32"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F7311471023","display_name":"NextGenerationEU","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7162783671.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7162783671.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":9,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2756782458","https://openalex.org/W2781583119","https://openalex.org/W2805102083","https://openalex.org/W2901128362","https://openalex.org/W2970203401","https://openalex.org/W4288032582","https://openalex.org/W4389989151","https://openalex.org/W4404689674","https://openalex.org/W4415398827"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"Regional":[1,76],"emergencies":[2],"caused":[3],"by":[4,67],"extreme":[5],"weather":[6],"events":[7],"can":[8],"lead":[9],"to":[10,107,123],"outages":[11],"of":[12,38,90,97,119],"critical":[13,39,120],"infrastructures,":[14],"including":[15],"power":[16],"supply,":[17],"telephony,":[18],"and":[19,33,46,117],"mobile":[20],"communications,":[21],"leaving":[22],"affected":[23],"regions":[24],"cut":[25],"off":[26],"from":[27],"external":[28],"support.":[29],"For":[30],"situation":[31],"assessment":[32],"decision":[34],"support,":[35],"the":[36,87,93,98,115],"status":[37],"infrastructures":[40],"such":[41],"as":[42,92],"drinking":[43],"water":[44],"supplies":[45],"emergency":[47,113],"shelter":[48],"occupancy":[49],"must":[50],"be":[51],"known":[52],"at":[53],"all":[54],"times,":[55],"even":[56],"when":[57],"conventional":[58],"communication":[59,111,128],"channels":[60],"are":[61],"unavailable,":[62],"unreliable,":[63],"or":[64],"severely":[65],"hampered":[66],"topographic":[68],"challenges.":[69],"This":[70],"article":[71],"presents":[72],"MERLIN":[73,104],"(Messaging":[74],"with":[75],"LoRa":[77,106],"Infrastructure),":[78],"a":[79],"research":[80],"prototype":[81],"currently":[82],"undergoing":[83],"endurance":[84],"testing":[85],"in":[86],"Austrian":[88],"municipality":[89],"Neuhaus,":[91],"first":[94],"major":[95],"application":[96],"ROLORAN":[99],"Disaster":[100],"Communication":[101],"Protocol":[102],"(RDCP).":[103],"uses":[105],"enable":[108],"secure,":[109],"resilient":[110],"between":[112],"services,":[114],"population,":[116],"operators":[118],"entities,":[121],"contributing":[122],"crisis":[124],"management":[125],"during":[126],"large-scale":[127],"outages.":[129]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T09:40:50.615796","created_date":"2026-05-30T00:00:00"}