{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4390062463","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00502-023-01197-3","title":"Bias dependence in statistical random telegraph noise analysis based on nanoscale CMOS ring oscillators","display_name":"Bias dependence in statistical random telegraph noise analysis based on nanoscale CMOS ring oscillators","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-12-21","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4390062463","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00502-023-01197-3","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38464743"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s00502-023-01197-3","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00502-023-01197-3","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00502-023-01197-3.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S36874608","display_name":"e+i Elektrotechnik und Informationstechnik","issn_l":"0932-383X","issn":["0932-383X","1613-7620"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"e+i Elektrotechnik und Informationstechnik","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00502-023-01197-3.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000222936","display_name":"Semih Ramazanoglu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1553-6567"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4092182","display_name":"Graz University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00d7xrm67","country_code":"AT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4092182"]}],"countries":["AT"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Semih Ramazanoglu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Electronics (IFE), Graz University of Technology, Inffeldgasse\u00a012/I, 8010 Graz, Austria","Institute of Electronics (IFE), Graz University of Technology, Inffeldgasse\u00a012/I, 8010, Graz, Austria"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1553-6567","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Electronics (IFE), Graz University of Technology, Inffeldgasse\u00a012/I, 8010 Graz, Austria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4092182"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Electronics (IFE), Graz University of Technology, Inffeldgasse\u00a012/I, 8010, Graz, Austria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4092182"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055952671","display_name":"Alicja Michalowska\u2010Forsyth","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2419-1406"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4092182","display_name":"Graz University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00d7xrm67","country_code":"AT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4092182"]}],"countries":["AT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alicja Michalowska-Forsyth","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Electronics (IFE), Graz University of Technology, Inffeldgasse\u00a012/I, 8010 Graz, Austria","Institute of Electronics (IFE), Graz University of Technology, Inffeldgasse\u00a012/I, 8010, Graz, Austria"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Electronics (IFE), Graz University of Technology, Inffeldgasse\u00a012/I, 8010 Graz, Austria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4092182"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Electronics (IFE), Graz University of Technology, Inffeldgasse\u00a012/I, 8010, Graz, Austria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4092182"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047104236","display_name":"Bernd Deutschmann","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7973-6835"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4092182","display_name":"Graz University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00d7xrm67","country_code":"AT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4092182"]}],"countries":["AT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bernd Deutschmann","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Electronics (IFE), Graz University of Technology, Inffeldgasse\u00a012/I, 8010 Graz, Austria","Institute of Electronics (IFE), Graz University of Technology, Inffeldgasse\u00a012/I, 8010, Graz, Austria"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Electronics (IFE), Graz University of Technology, Inffeldgasse\u00a012/I, 8010 Graz, Austria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4092182"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Electronics (IFE), Graz University of Technology, Inffeldgasse\u00a012/I, 8010, Graz, Austria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4092182"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5000222936"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4092182"],"apc_list":{"value":2590,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":3090},"apc_paid":{"value":2590,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":3090},"fwci":0.4985,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.65312609,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"141","issue":"1","first_page":"37","last_page":"46"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12495","display_name":"Electrostatic Discharge in Electronics","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12495","display_name":"Electrostatic Discharge in Electronics","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14117","display_name":"Integrated Circuits and Semiconductor Failure Analysis","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11417","display_name":"Advancements in PLL and VCO Technologies","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cmos","display_name":"CMOS","score":0.7498133182525635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.6800307035446167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/amplitude","display_name":"Amplitude","score":0.6116968393325806},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/noise","display_name":"Noise (video)","score":0.5457935929298401},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.4267188608646393},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optoelectronics","display_name":"Optoelectronics","score":0.3475777804851532},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum-mechanics","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","score":0.12955158948898315},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.12429696321487427}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46362747","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173431","display_name":"CMOS","level":2,"score":0.7498133182525635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.6800307035446167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180205008","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q159190","display_name":"Amplitude","level":2,"score":0.6116968393325806},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99498987","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2210247","display_name":"Noise (video)","level":3,"score":0.5457935929298401},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.4267188608646393},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49040817","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193091","display_name":"Optoelectronics","level":1,"score":0.3475777804851532},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.12955158948898315},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.12429696321487427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/s00502-023-01197-3","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00502-023-01197-3","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00502-023-01197-3.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S36874608","display_name":"e+i Elektrotechnik und Informationstechnik","issn_l":"0932-383X","issn":["0932-383X","1613-7620"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"e+i Elektrotechnik und Informationstechnik","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:38464743","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38464743","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Elektrotechnik und Informationstechnik : E & I","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:10917858","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/10917858","pdf_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10917858/pdf/502_2023_Article_1197.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Elektrotech Informationstechnik","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s00502-023-01197-3","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00502-023-01197-3","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00502-023-01197-3.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S36874608","display_name":"e+i Elektrotechnik und Informationstechnik","issn_l":"0932-383X","issn":["0932-383X","1613-7620"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"e+i Elektrotechnik und Informationstechnik","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.6000000238418579,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320310430","display_name":"TU Graz, Internationale Beziehungen und Mobilit\u00e4tsprogramme","ror":"https://ror.org/00d7xrm67"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321181","display_name":"Austrian Science Fund","ror":"https://ror.org/013tf3c58"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4390062463.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":14,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1505400926","https://openalex.org/W2004173456","https://openalex.org/W2012904036","https://openalex.org/W2023446881","https://openalex.org/W2092387582","https://openalex.org/W2108324407","https://openalex.org/W2166535941","https://openalex.org/W2604213261","https://openalex.org/W2743366667","https://openalex.org/W2942635213","https://openalex.org/W3017495229","https://openalex.org/W3143002681","https://openalex.org/W4297795814","https://openalex.org/W4387752974"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W3014521742","https://openalex.org/W2617868873","https://openalex.org/W3204141294","https://openalex.org/W4386230336","https://openalex.org/W4306968100","https://openalex.org/W2171986175","https://openalex.org/W2089791793","https://openalex.org/W2038858740","https://openalex.org/W2115950857"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"Random":[1],"Telegraph":[2],"Noise":[3],"(RTN)":[4],"is":[5,108],"one":[6,57],"of":[7,26,41,50,58,71,94,112],"the":[8,24,45,51,59,72,115,118,131,133],"major":[9],"reliability":[10],"concerns":[11],"in":[12,28,80,110,114],"nanoscale":[13],"complementary":[14],"metal-oxide":[15],"semiconductor":[16],"(CMOS)":[17],"technologies.":[18],"In":[19],"this":[20],"paper,":[21],"we":[22],"discuss":[23],"characterization":[25,70],"RTN":[27,73,100],"40":[29],"nm":[30],"CMOS":[31],"technology":[32],"using":[33],"Ring":[34],"Oscillators":[35],"(ROSCs).":[36],"We":[37,53],"used":[38],"different":[39,81],"types":[40],"ROSCs":[42],"to":[43,88,143],"study":[44],"temporal":[46],"and":[47,76,98,120],"spectral":[48],"characteristics":[49,79],"RTN.":[52],"conducted":[54],"measurements":[55],"on":[56],"arrays":[60],"with":[61],"128":[62],"identical":[63],"ROSC":[64],"cells.":[65],"These":[66],"results":[67],"enabled":[68],"statistical":[69],"amplitude":[74,101],"strength":[75],"its":[77],"frequency":[78],"supply":[82,93],"voltage":[83],"variations":[84],"from":[85,130,137],"0.5":[86],"V":[87],"0.7":[89],"V.":[90],"At":[91],"power":[92],"0.65":[95],"V,":[96],"dominant":[97],"observable":[99],"above":[102],"0.37%":[103],"$$\\Delta":[104],"f/f_{\\text{mean}}$$":[105],"<mml:math":[106,125,140],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"><mml:mrow><mml:mi>\u0394</mml:mi><mml:mi>f</mml:mi><mml:mo>/</mml:mo><mml:msub><mml:mi>f</mml:mi><mml:mtext>mean</mml:mtext></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math>":[107],"found":[109],"60%":[111],"cells":[113],"array.":[116],"Further,":[117],"capture":[119],"emission":[121],"time":[122],"constant":[123],"$$\\tau_{e//c}$$":[124],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mi>\u03c4</mml:mi><mml:mrow><mml:mi>e</mml:mi><mml:mo>/</mml:mo><mml:mo>/</mml:mo><mml:mi>c</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math>":[126],"can":[127],"be":[128],"extracted":[129],"measurements,":[132],"values":[134],"observed":[135],"ranging":[136],"0.2":[138],"$$\\upmu$$":[139],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"><mml:mi>\u03bc</mml:mi></mml:math>":[141],"s":[142],"10":[144],"ms.":[145]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
