{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3110939378","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00502-020-00859-w","title":"Microwatt power management: challenges of on-chip energy harvesting","display_name":"Microwatt power management: challenges of on-chip energy harvesting","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-12-04","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3110939378","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00502-020-00859-w","mag":"3110939378"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s00502-020-00859-w","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00502-020-00859-w","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00502-020-00859-w.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S36874608","display_name":"e+i Elektrotechnik und Informationstechnik","issn_l":"0932-383X","issn":["0932-383X","1613-7620"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"e & i Elektrotechnik und Informationstechnik","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00502-020-00859-w.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079297328","display_name":"Stefan Schmickl","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1171-4001"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I121883995","display_name":"Johannes Kepler University of Linz","ror":"https://ror.org/052r2xn60","country_code":"AT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I121883995"]}],"countries":["AT"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Stefan Schmickl","raw_affiliation_strings":["Johannes Kepler University Linz, Energy-Efficient Analog Circuits & Systems, Altenberger Stra\u00dfe 69, 4040, Linz, Austria"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1171-4001","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Johannes Kepler University Linz, Energy-Efficient Analog Circuits & Systems, Altenberger Stra\u00dfe 69, 4040, Linz, Austria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I121883995"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042490048","display_name":"Thomas Faseth","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1041-0954"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I121883995","display_name":"Johannes Kepler University of Linz","ror":"https://ror.org/052r2xn60","country_code":"AT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I121883995"]}],"countries":["AT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Thomas Faseth","raw_affiliation_strings":["Johannes Kepler University Linz, Energy-Efficient Analog Circuits & Systems, Altenberger Stra\u00dfe 69, 4040, Linz, Austria"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Johannes Kepler University Linz, Energy-Efficient Analog Circuits & Systems, Altenberger Stra\u00dfe 69, 4040, Linz, Austria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I121883995"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074787144","display_name":"Harald Pretl","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1519-076X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I121883995","display_name":"Johannes Kepler University of Linz","ror":"https://ror.org/052r2xn60","country_code":"AT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I121883995"]}],"countries":["AT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Harald Pretl","raw_affiliation_strings":["Johannes Kepler University Linz, Energy-Efficient Analog Circuits & Systems, Altenberger Stra\u00dfe 69, 4040, Linz, Austria"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Johannes Kepler University Linz, Energy-Efficient Analog Circuits & Systems, Altenberger Stra\u00dfe 69, 4040, Linz, Austria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I121883995"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5079297328"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I121883995"],"apc_list":{"value":2590,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":3090},"apc_paid":{"value":2590,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":3090},"fwci":0.4161,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":8,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.62812356,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"138","issue":"1","first_page":"31","last_page":"36"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11392","display_name":"Energy Harvesting in Wireless Networks","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11392","display_name":"Energy Harvesting in Wireless Networks","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11230","display_name":"Innovative Energy Harvesting Technologies","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10338","display_name":"Advanced Sensor and Energy Harvesting Materials","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power-management","display_name":"Power management","score":0.8482838273048401},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy-harvesting","display_name":"Energy harvesting","score":0.8102302551269531},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power","display_name":"Power (physics)","score":0.6362411975860596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/usable","display_name":"USable","score":0.6265527009963989},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6052594184875488},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voltage","display_name":"Voltage","score":0.54952472448349},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/implementation","display_name":"Implementation","score":0.5295131206512451},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chip","display_name":"Chip","score":0.5167031288146973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.4932393431663513},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power-management-system","display_name":"Power management system","score":0.47978001832962036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/battery","display_name":"Battery (electricity)","score":0.44083714485168457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.4365317225456238},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy","display_name":"Energy (signal processing)","score":0.42818039655685425},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.2235729992389679},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.1913164258003235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.0830913782119751}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778774385","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4437810","display_name":"Power management","level":3,"score":0.8482838273048401},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C101518730","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q930236","display_name":"Energy harvesting","level":3,"score":0.8102302551269531},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.6362411975860596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780615836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2471869","display_name":"USable","level":2,"score":0.6265527009963989},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6052594184875488},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.54952472448349},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26713055","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q245962","display_name":"Implementation","level":2,"score":0.5295131206512451},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165005293","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1074500","display_name":"Chip","level":2,"score":0.5167031288146973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.4932393431663513},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778363213","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16938469","display_name":"Power management system","level":4,"score":0.47978001832962036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555008776","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q267298","display_name":"Battery (electricity)","level":3,"score":0.44083714485168457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.4365317225456238},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186370098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q442787","display_name":"Energy (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.42818039655685425},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.2235729992389679},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.1913164258003235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0830913782119751},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/s00502-020-00859-w","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00502-020-00859-w","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00502-020-00859-w.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S36874608","display_name":"e+i Elektrotechnik und Informationstechnik","issn_l":"0932-383X","issn":["0932-383X","1613-7620"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"e & i Elektrotechnik und Informationstechnik","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:epub.jku.at/:5911011","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://resolver.obvsg.at/urn:nbn:at:at-ubl:3-6172","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401788","display_name":"University Library Linz repository (Johannes Kepler Universitat Linz)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I121883995","host_organization_name":"Johannes Kepler University of Linz","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I121883995"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s00502-020-00859-w","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00502-020-00859-w","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00502-020-00859-w.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S36874608","display_name":"e+i Elektrotechnik und Informationstechnik","issn_l":"0932-383X","issn":["0932-383X","1613-7620"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"e & i Elektrotechnik und Informationstechnik","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.8299999833106995}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3110939378.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3110939378.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":25,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W570907204","https://openalex.org/W1979295872","https://openalex.org/W1984863066","https://openalex.org/W1987471577","https://openalex.org/W2023543377","https://openalex.org/W2035979929","https://openalex.org/W2077060834","https://openalex.org/W2101382004","https://openalex.org/W2109889475","https://openalex.org/W2117452097","https://openalex.org/W2122002237","https://openalex.org/W2143911155","https://openalex.org/W2153728468","https://openalex.org/W2292820391","https://openalex.org/W2475567443","https://openalex.org/W2612862653","https://openalex.org/W2625038360","https://openalex.org/W2811217586","https://openalex.org/W3004601686","https://openalex.org/W3022272562","https://openalex.org/W3094295786","https://openalex.org/W4205855365","https://openalex.org/W4236332754","https://openalex.org/W4237006576","https://openalex.org/W4249510373"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2793870640","https://openalex.org/W2536755009","https://openalex.org/W604633266","https://openalex.org/W3141553291","https://openalex.org/W2171620613","https://openalex.org/W2004227547","https://openalex.org/W1976802810","https://openalex.org/W3199208762","https://openalex.org/W2098127345","https://openalex.org/W4245131997"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"IoT":[1],"devices":[2,32],"become":[3],"more":[4,6,111],"and":[5,16,22,40,54,110,163],"popular":[7],"which":[8],"implies":[9],"a":[10,59,108,137],"growing":[11],"interest":[12],"in":[13,26,73],"easily":[14],"maintainable":[15],"battery-independent":[17],"power":[18,55,72,95,116,142,150,160,165],"sources,":[19],"as":[20,90,92,99,122,124],"wires":[21],"batteries":[23],"are":[24,58,66],"unpractical":[25],"application":[27],"scenarios":[28],"where":[29],"billions":[30],"of":[31,70,76,87,158],"get":[33],"deployed.":[34],"To":[35],"keep":[36],"the":[37,43,74,84,88,94,100,115,127,146],"costs":[38],"low":[39],"to":[41,104,107,120],"achieve":[42],"smallest":[44],"possible":[45,125,129],"form":[46],"factor,":[47],"SoC":[48],"implementations":[49,157],"with":[50,126,145],"integrated":[51],"energy":[52,63],"harvesting":[53,64],"management":[56,96,117],"units":[57],"welcome":[60],"innovation.":[61],"On-chip":[62],"solutions":[65],"typically":[67],"only":[68],"capable":[69],"supplying":[71],"order":[75],"microwatts.":[77],"A":[78],"significant":[79],"design":[80],"challenge":[81],"exists":[82],"for":[83,93],"functional":[85],"blocks":[86,118],"IoT-SoC":[89],"well":[91],"unit":[97],"itself":[98],"harvested":[101],"voltage":[102,161],"has":[103],"be":[105,121],"converted":[106],"higher":[109],"usable":[112],"voltage.":[113],"Simultaneously,":[114],"have":[119],"efficient":[123],"lowest":[128],"quiescent":[130],"currents.":[131],"In":[132],"this":[133],"paper,":[134],"we":[135,153],"provide":[136],"look":[138],"at":[139],"on-chip":[140],"microwatt":[141],"management.":[143],"Starting":[144],"energy-harvesting":[147],"from":[148],"RF":[149],"or":[151],"light,":[152],"then":[154],"show":[155],"state-of-the-art":[156],"ultra-low":[159,164],"references":[162],"low-dropout":[166],"regulator":[167],"(LDO)":[168],"designs.":[169]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}