{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4379281757","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00500-023-08381-9","title":"A Q-learning-based algorithm for the 2D-rectangular packing problem","display_name":"A Q-learning-based algorithm for the 2D-rectangular packing problem","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-06-04","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4379281757","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00500-023-08381-9"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s00500-023-08381-9","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00500-023-08381-9","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S65753830","display_name":"Soft Computing","issn_l":"1432-7643","issn":["1432-7643","1433-7479"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Soft Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102709509","display_name":"Xusheng Zhao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9624-0356"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47720641","display_name":"Huazhong University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00p991c53","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xusheng Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Mechanical Science & Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mechanical Science & Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007992961","display_name":"Yunqing Rao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7752-3502"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47720641","display_name":"Huazhong University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00p991c53","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yunqing Rao","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Mechanical Science & Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7752-3502","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mechanical Science & Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032925806","display_name":"Ronghua Meng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0136-1505"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I161350542","display_name":"China Three Gorges University","ror":"https://ror.org/0419nfc77","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I161350542"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ronghua Meng","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Mechanical & Power Engineering, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, Hubei, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Mechanical & Power Engineering, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, Hubei, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161350542"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012413937","display_name":"Jie Fang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4588-8117"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47720641","display_name":"Huazhong University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00p991c53","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jie Fang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Mechanical Science & Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mechanical Science & Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5007992961"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"],"apc_list":{"value":2390,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":2990},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.4117,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":8,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.83524962,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"27","issue":"17","first_page":"12057","last_page":"12070"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12176","display_name":"Optimization and Packing Problems","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2209","display_name":"Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12176","display_name":"Optimization and Packing Problems","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2209","display_name":"Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11814","display_name":"Advanced Manufacturing and Logistics Optimization","score":0.9977999925613403,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2209","display_name":"Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10551","display_name":"Scheduling and Optimization Algorithms","score":0.9945999979972839,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2209","display_name":"Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.7415274381637573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/packing-problems","display_name":"Packing problems","score":0.6024506092071533},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/benchmark","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","score":0.5966158509254456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rectangle","display_name":"Rectangle","score":0.5783102512359619},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5402640104293823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/orientation","display_name":"Orientation (vector space)","score":0.5029348731040955},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.4832763969898224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/state","display_name":"State (computer science)","score":0.47918474674224854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sequence","display_name":"Sequence (biology)","score":0.45992857217788696},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set-packing","display_name":"Set packing","score":0.4525333344936371},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bin-packing-problem","display_name":"Bin packing problem","score":0.43422698974609375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/markov-chain","display_name":"Markov chain","score":0.4210219383239746},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.3550989031791687},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-optimization","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","score":0.34446799755096436},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.33877062797546387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.14584514498710632}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.7415274381637573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C130253271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3851477","display_name":"Packing problems","level":2,"score":0.6024506092071533},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185798385","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1161707","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","level":2,"score":0.5966158509254456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781302577","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q209","display_name":"Rectangle","level":2,"score":0.5783102512359619},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5402640104293823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C16345878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q107472979","display_name":"Orientation (vector space)","level":2,"score":0.5029348731040955},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.4832763969898224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48103436","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q599031","display_name":"State (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.47918474674224854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778112365","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3511065","display_name":"Sequence (biology)","level":2,"score":0.45992857217788696},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134516590","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q475603","display_name":"Set packing","level":3,"score":0.4525333344936371},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87219788","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q814581","display_name":"Bin packing problem","level":3,"score":0.43422698974609375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98763669","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176645","display_name":"Markov chain","level":2,"score":0.4210219383239746},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.3550989031791687},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.34446799755096436},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.33877062797546387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.14584514498710632},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C156273044","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4913766","display_name":"Bin","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54355233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162","display_name":"Genetics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13280743","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131089","display_name":"Geodesy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/s00500-023-08381-9","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00500-023-08381-9","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S65753830","display_name":"Soft Computing","issn_l":"1432-7643","issn":["1432-7643","1433-7479"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Soft Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.5699999928474426,"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7100053508","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"51975231","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":45,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1536304539","https://openalex.org/W1981276685","https://openalex.org/W2007771215","https://openalex.org/W2010017787","https://openalex.org/W2011690685","https://openalex.org/W2017204313","https://openalex.org/W2017565019","https://openalex.org/W2018182024","https://openalex.org/W2019318803","https://openalex.org/W2019998976","https://openalex.org/W2027553310","https://openalex.org/W2040366695","https://openalex.org/W2044413233","https://openalex.org/W2049334476","https://openalex.org/W2051364711","https://openalex.org/W2058830640","https://openalex.org/W2079126022","https://openalex.org/W2082836978","https://openalex.org/W2086235087","https://openalex.org/W2104860035","https://openalex.org/W2105175235","https://openalex.org/W2136533266","https://openalex.org/W2136588799","https://openalex.org/W2158214408","https://openalex.org/W2163144548","https://openalex.org/W2538264539","https://openalex.org/W2558364177","https://openalex.org/W2590578174","https://openalex.org/W2597346146","https://openalex.org/W2734378098","https://openalex.org/W2755075180","https://openalex.org/W2755257648","https://openalex.org/W2794711922","https://openalex.org/W2884579014","https://openalex.org/W2913726715","https://openalex.org/W2914485204","https://openalex.org/W2938157874","https://openalex.org/W2944179404","https://openalex.org/W2970019720","https://openalex.org/W3012428206","https://openalex.org/W3047863327","https://openalex.org/W3109714359","https://openalex.org/W4226209484","https://openalex.org/W4299650055","https://openalex.org/W6679436768"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2115939129","https://openalex.org/W2935012880","https://openalex.org/W2398075730","https://openalex.org/W2162832161","https://openalex.org/W89929351","https://openalex.org/W2524132148","https://openalex.org/W2119691533","https://openalex.org/W2607178796","https://openalex.org/W2028273855","https://openalex.org/W2366645853"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-13T06:13:01.061226","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}