{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4319941697","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00500-023-07853-2","title":"Three-level model for opinion aggregation under hesitance","display_name":"Three-level model for opinion aggregation under hesitance","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-02-10","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4319941697","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00500-023-07853-2","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36789205"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s00500-023-07853-2","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00500-023-07853-2","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00500-023-07853-2.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S65753830","display_name":"Soft Computing","issn_l":"1432-7643","issn":["1432-7643","1433-7479"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Soft Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00500-023-07853-2.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050880396","display_name":"Franti\u0161ek Zapletal","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3223-3138"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142208455","display_name":"VSB - Technical University of Ostrava","ror":"https://ror.org/05x8mcb75","country_code":"CZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142208455"]}],"countries":["CZ"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Franti\u0161ek Zapletal","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Systems Engineering, Faculty of Economics, V\u0160B- Technical University of Ostrava, Sokolsk\u00e1 33, 70200 Ostrava, Czech Republic","Department of Systems Engineering, Faculty of Economics, V\u0160B- Technical University of Ostrava, Ostrava, Czech Republic"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3223-3138","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Systems Engineering, Faculty of Economics, V\u0160B- Technical University of Ostrava, Sokolsk\u00e1 33, 70200 Ostrava, Czech Republic","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142208455"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Systems Engineering, Faculty of Economics, V\u0160B- Technical University of Ostrava, Ostrava, Czech Republic","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142208455"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090316262","display_name":"Miroslav Hudec","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2868-0322"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142208455","display_name":"VSB - Technical University of Ostrava","ror":"https://ror.org/05x8mcb75","country_code":"CZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142208455"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I64935225","display_name":"Bratislava University of Economics and Business","ror":"https://ror.org/0310h1546","country_code":"SK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I64935225"]}],"countries":["CZ","SK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Miroslav Hudec","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Applied Informatics, Faculty of Economic Informatics, University of Economics in Bratislava, Dolnozemska cesta 1, 852 35 Bratislava, Slovakia","Department of Systems Engineering, Faculty of Economics, V\u0160B- Technical University of Ostrava, Sokolsk\u00e1 33, 70200 Ostrava, Czech Republic","Department of Applied Informatics, Faculty of Economic Informatics, University of Economics in Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovakia","Department of Systems Engineering, Faculty of Economics, V\u0160B- Technical University of Ostrava, Ostrava, Czech Republic"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Applied Informatics, Faculty of Economic Informatics, University of Economics in Bratislava, Dolnozemska cesta 1, 852 35 Bratislava, Slovakia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I64935225"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Systems Engineering, Faculty of Economics, V\u0160B- Technical University of Ostrava, Sokolsk\u00e1 33, 70200 Ostrava, Czech Republic","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142208455"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Applied Informatics, Faculty of Economic Informatics, University of Economics in Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovakia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I64935225"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Systems Engineering, Faculty of Economics, V\u0160B- Technical University of Ostrava, Ostrava, Czech Republic","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142208455"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083803600","display_name":"Milo\u0161 \u0160va\u0148a","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142208455","display_name":"VSB - Technical University of Ostrava","ror":"https://ror.org/05x8mcb75","country_code":"CZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142208455"]}],"countries":["CZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Milo\u0161 \u0160va\u0148a","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Systems Engineering, Faculty of Economics, V\u0160B- Technical University of Ostrava, Sokolsk\u00e1 33, 70200 Ostrava, Czech Republic","Department of Systems Engineering, Faculty of Economics, V\u0160B- Technical University of Ostrava, Ostrava, Czech Republic"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Systems Engineering, Faculty of Economics, V\u0160B- Technical University of Ostrava, Sokolsk\u00e1 33, 70200 Ostrava, Czech Republic","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142208455"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Systems Engineering, Faculty of Economics, V\u0160B- Technical University of Ostrava, Ostrava, Czech Republic","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142208455"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102982440","display_name":"Radek N\u011bmec","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142208455","display_name":"VSB - Technical University of Ostrava","ror":"https://ror.org/05x8mcb75","country_code":"CZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142208455"]}],"countries":["CZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Radek N\u011bmec","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Systems Engineering, Faculty of Economics, V\u0160B- Technical University of Ostrava, Sokolsk\u00e1 33, 70200 Ostrava, Czech Republic","Department of Systems Engineering, Faculty of Economics, V\u0160B- Technical University of Ostrava, Ostrava, Czech Republic"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Systems Engineering, Faculty of Economics, V\u0160B- Technical University of Ostrava, Sokolsk\u00e1 33, 70200 Ostrava, Czech Republic","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142208455"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Systems Engineering, Faculty of Economics, V\u0160B- Technical University of Ostrava, Ostrava, Czech Republic","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142208455"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5050880396"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142208455"],"apc_list":{"value":2990,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2990},"apc_paid":{"value":2990,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2990},"fwci":1.5794,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":8,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.82478663,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"27","issue":"10","first_page":"6653","last_page":"6669"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10050","display_name":"Multi-Criteria Decision Making","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10050","display_name":"Multi-Criteria Decision Making","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/respondent","display_name":"Respondent","score":0.9213137626647949},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stakeholder","display_name":"Stakeholder","score":0.8062604069709778},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/relevance","display_name":"Relevance (law)","score":0.6756958365440369},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/proposition","display_name":"Proposition","score":0.5006322860717773},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scale","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","score":0.4750671088695526},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4728929102420807},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fuzzy-logic","display_name":"Fuzzy logic","score":0.4575875997543335},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.3510968089103699},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.32935044169425964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-retrieval","display_name":"Information retrieval","score":0.32232099771499634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.15574857592582703},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/public-relations","display_name":"Public relations","score":0.15366947650909424},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/political-science","display_name":"Political science","score":0.12168765068054199},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.0889994204044342}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776640315","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7315941","display_name":"Respondent","level":2,"score":0.9213137626647949},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201305675","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q852998","display_name":"Stakeholder","level":2,"score":0.8062604069709778},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158154518","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7310970","display_name":"Relevance (law)","level":2,"score":0.6756958365440369},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777152325","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q108163","display_name":"Proposition","level":2,"score":0.5006322860717773},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778755073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10858537","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","level":2,"score":0.4750671088695526},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4728929102420807},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q224821","display_name":"Fuzzy logic","level":2,"score":0.4575875997543335},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.3510968089103699},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.32935044169425964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23123220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816826","display_name":"Information retrieval","level":1,"score":0.32232099771499634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.15574857592582703},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39549134","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133080","display_name":"Public relations","level":1,"score":0.15366947650909424},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.12168765068054199},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.0889994204044342},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58640448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42515","display_name":"Cartography","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/s00500-023-07853-2","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00500-023-07853-2","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00500-023-07853-2.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S65753830","display_name":"Soft Computing","issn_l":"1432-7643","issn":["1432-7643","1433-7479"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Soft Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:36789205","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36789205","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Soft computing","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:9912226","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/9912226","pdf_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9912226/pdf/500_2023_Article_7853.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Soft comput","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s00500-023-07853-2","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00500-023-07853-2","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00500-023-07853-2.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S65753830","display_name":"Soft Computing","issn_l":"1432-7643","issn":["1432-7643","1433-7479"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Soft Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8199999928474426,"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G74611648","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"SP2021/86","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321005","funder_display_name":"Ministerstvo \u0160kolstv\u00ed, Ml\u00e1de\u017ee a T\u011blov\u00fdchovy"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321005","display_name":"Ministerstvo \u0160kolstv\u00ed, Ml\u00e1de\u017ee a T\u011blov\u00fdchovy","ror":"https://ror.org/037n8p820"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4319941697.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":45,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W96240281","https://openalex.org/W561707741","https://openalex.org/W595148821","https://openalex.org/W658012328","https://openalex.org/W1481142035","https://openalex.org/W1536777985","https://openalex.org/W1773873148","https://openalex.org/W1966434644","https://openalex.org/W1984314602","https://openalex.org/W2009788305","https://openalex.org/W2031391868","https://openalex.org/W2047147035","https://openalex.org/W2059696620","https://openalex.org/W2071604995","https://openalex.org/W2075832996","https://openalex.org/W2087213928","https://openalex.org/W2106790680","https://openalex.org/W2109863804","https://openalex.org/W2111211679","https://openalex.org/W2137911902","https://openalex.org/W2148534795","https://openalex.org/W2165094119","https://openalex.org/W2237266344","https://openalex.org/W2296349740","https://openalex.org/W2485267629","https://openalex.org/W2517790669","https://openalex.org/W2524175677","https://openalex.org/W2579555219","https://openalex.org/W2746900439","https://openalex.org/W2797825943","https://openalex.org/W2886506713","https://openalex.org/W2890458042","https://openalex.org/W2896734887","https://openalex.org/W2972042879","https://openalex.org/W2977649004","https://openalex.org/W2998103098","https://openalex.org/W3123056373","https://openalex.org/W4211007335","https://openalex.org/W4212801147","https://openalex.org/W4231592989","https://openalex.org/W4234672050","https://openalex.org/W4245152641","https://openalex.org/W4245206568","https://openalex.org/W4252793191","https://openalex.org/W4300185573"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1967170474","https://openalex.org/W2558322854","https://openalex.org/W4386164500","https://openalex.org/W1644951373","https://openalex.org/W2945414787","https://openalex.org/W4250467305","https://openalex.org/W4252714956","https://openalex.org/W2018098194","https://openalex.org/W2349990005","https://openalex.org/W2394459155"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"Valuable":[1],"information":[2],"for":[3,58,78],"decision-making":[4],"can":[5],"be":[6],"obtained":[7],"by":[8,28,131,182,191],"collecting":[9],"and":[10,24,62,115],"analyzing":[11],"opinions":[12,77],"from":[13],"diverse":[14,162],"stakeholder":[15,60,123,165],"or":[16,151],"respondent":[17,67,103],"groups,":[18,53],"which":[19],"usually":[20],"have":[21,148],"different":[22,47,54],"backgrounds":[23],"are":[25,125],"variously":[26],"affected":[27],"the":[29,42,73,79,85,95,98,120,139,144,156,159,170,186],"topics":[30],"under":[31],"survey.":[32],"For":[33],"this":[34],"to":[35,40,137],"succeed,":[36],"it":[37],"is":[38,92,104,135,167,189],"necessary":[39],"manage":[41],"uncertainty":[43],"of":[44,49,56,64,66,75,101,109,141,146,164,172],"respondents\u2019":[45,76],"opinions,":[46,87],"number":[48,55],"filled":[50],"questionnaires":[51],"among":[52,161],"questions":[57],"each":[59,102,173],"group,":[61],"relevance":[63,171],"subsets":[65,163],"groups.":[68],"This":[69],"work":[70],"proposes":[71],"handling":[72],"hesitance":[74],"rating":[80],"scale":[81],"questions.":[82],"To":[83],"evaluate":[84],"collected":[86],"a":[88,107,128,132,142,149,192],"three-level":[89],"aggregation":[90],"model":[91,188],"developed.":[93],"In":[94,119],"first":[96],"level,":[97,122,158],"overall":[99],"opinion":[100,153],"computed":[105],"as":[106,127,176,178],"mean":[108],"fuzzy":[110],"numbers":[111],"covering":[112],"uncertain":[113],"answers":[114],"their":[116,179],"respective":[117],"hesitance.":[118],"second":[121],"groups":[124,166],"considered":[126],"whole.":[129],"Aggregation":[130],"relative":[133],"quantifier":[134],"applied":[136],"calculate":[138],"validity":[140],"proposition":[143],"majority":[145],"respondents":[147],"positive":[150],"negative":[152],".":[154],"At":[155],"third":[157],"consensus":[160],"calculated":[168],"considering":[169],"group":[174],"independently":[175],"well":[177],"so-called":[180],"coalitions":[181],"Choquet":[183],"integral.":[184],"Finally,":[185],"proposed":[187],"illustrated":[190],"real-life":[193],"case":[194],"study.":[195]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-07-23T08:03:31.855105","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
