{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4306291320","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00500-022-07537-3","title":"RETRACTED ARTICLE: Energy optimization in smart urban buildings using bio-inspired ant colony optimization","display_name":"RETRACTED ARTICLE: Energy optimization in smart urban buildings using bio-inspired ant colony optimization","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-10-15","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4306291320","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00500-022-07537-3"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s00500-022-07537-3","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00500-022-07537-3","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S65753830","display_name":"Soft Computing","issn_l":"1432-7643","issn":["1432-7643","1433-7479"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Soft Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Fakhri Alam Khan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9130-1874"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I134085113","display_name":"King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals","ror":"https://ror.org/03yez3163","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I134085113"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Fakhri Alam Khan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information and Computer Science, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia","Interdisciplinary Research Centre for Intelligent Secure Systems, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9130-1874","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information and Computer Science, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I134085113"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Interdisciplinary Research Centre for Intelligent Secure Systems, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I134085113"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033905523","display_name":"Kifayat Ullah","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2850-3366"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210127363","display_name":"Institute of Management Sciences Peshawar","ror":"https://ror.org/02m8e1r74","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210127363"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kifayat Ullah","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Management Sciences, 4500, Peshawar, Pakistan","Institute of Management Sciences, Peshawar, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Management Sciences, 4500, Peshawar, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210127363"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Management Sciences, Peshawar, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210127363"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101766352","display_name":"Atta Ur Rahman","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3569-9926"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210127363","display_name":"Institute of Management Sciences Peshawar","ror":"https://ror.org/02m8e1r74","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210127363"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Atta ur Rahman","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Management Sciences, 4500, Peshawar, Pakistan","Institute of Management Sciences, Peshawar, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Management Sciences, 4500, Peshawar, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210127363"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Management Sciences, Peshawar, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210127363"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032370620","display_name":"Sajid Anwar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3393-1656"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210127363","display_name":"Institute of Management Sciences Peshawar","ror":"https://ror.org/02m8e1r74","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210127363"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sajid Anwar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Management Sciences, 4500, Peshawar, Pakistan","Institute of Management Sciences, Peshawar, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Management Sciences, 4500, Peshawar, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210127363"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Management Sciences, Peshawar, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210127363"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I134085113"],"apc_list":{"value":2890,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2890},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.6936,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":39,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.91005048,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"27","issue":"2","first_page":"973","last_page":"989"},"is_retracted":true,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10603","display_name":"Smart Grid Energy Management","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10603","display_name":"Smart Grid Energy Management","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12546","display_name":"Smart Parking Systems Research","score":0.9951000213623047,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2215","display_name":"Building and Construction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11052","display_name":"Energy Load and Power Forecasting","score":0.9887999892234802,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ant-colony-optimization-algorithms","display_name":"Ant colony optimization algorithms","score":0.8825690746307373},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/knapsack-problem","display_name":"Knapsack problem","score":0.8782961368560791},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scheduling","display_name":"Scheduling (production processes)","score":0.61370849609375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5885792374610901},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electricity","display_name":"Electricity","score":0.5851150155067444},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-optimization","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","score":0.5759246349334717},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ant-colony","display_name":"Ant colony","score":0.4817250072956085},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electricity-price","display_name":"Electricity price","score":0.43573081493377686},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/building-automation","display_name":"Building automation","score":0.4272254407405853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/foraging","display_name":"Foraging","score":0.4155043959617615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.3314337134361267},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.2923409342765808},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.17036843299865723},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.14593097567558289},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.1274116337299347},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.10378828644752502}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40128228","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q460851","display_name":"Ant colony optimization algorithms","level":2,"score":0.8825690746307373},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113138325","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q864457","display_name":"Knapsack problem","level":2,"score":0.8782961368560791},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206729178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2271896","display_name":"Scheduling (production processes)","level":2,"score":0.61370849609375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5885792374610901},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206658404","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12725","display_name":"Electricity","level":2,"score":0.5851150155067444},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.5759246349334717},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60891933","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q796575","display_name":"Ant colony","level":3,"score":0.4817250072956085},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2983129042","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q870344","display_name":"Electricity price","level":3,"score":0.43573081493377686},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C83931994","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1149653","display_name":"Building automation","level":2,"score":0.4272254407405853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165287380","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2916569","display_name":"Foraging","level":2,"score":0.4155043959617615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.3314337134361267},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.2923409342765808},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.17036843299865723},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.14593097567558289},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.1274116337299347},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.10378828644752502},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97355855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11473","display_name":"Thermodynamics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/s00500-022-07537-3","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00500-022-07537-3","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S65753830","display_name":"Soft Computing","issn_l":"1432-7643","issn":["1432-7643","1433-7479"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Soft Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":35,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2026647281","https://openalex.org/W2027692579","https://openalex.org/W2033395589","https://openalex.org/W2046599533","https://openalex.org/W2052776843","https://openalex.org/W2084859528","https://openalex.org/W2091443436","https://openalex.org/W2118972143","https://openalex.org/W2121919248","https://openalex.org/W2153882250","https://openalex.org/W2193157005","https://openalex.org/W2243148084","https://openalex.org/W2510963664","https://openalex.org/W2586145155","https://openalex.org/W2606833567","https://openalex.org/W2735337208","https://openalex.org/W2737558354","https://openalex.org/W2774653084","https://openalex.org/W2783175590","https://openalex.org/W2783326149","https://openalex.org/W2787424724","https://openalex.org/W2790887126","https://openalex.org/W2791762986","https://openalex.org/W2795967418","https://openalex.org/W2801821460","https://openalex.org/W2806910030","https://openalex.org/W2925853897","https://openalex.org/W2953296307","https://openalex.org/W2963767952","https://openalex.org/W3000349667","https://openalex.org/W3026704201","https://openalex.org/W3180266775","https://openalex.org/W3202564494","https://openalex.org/W3211147462","https://openalex.org/W4292083457"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1992758684","https://openalex.org/W2347951034","https://openalex.org/W2388326823","https://openalex.org/W2366876790","https://openalex.org/W2071981049","https://openalex.org/W2381829748","https://openalex.org/W2244460820","https://openalex.org/W2109336245","https://openalex.org/W2061313076","https://openalex.org/W2070079705"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":9}],"updated_date":"2026-08-28T12:50:07.497085","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
