{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3009700043","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00500-020-05398-2","title":"Modelling human active search in optimizing black-box functions","display_name":"Modelling human active search in optimizing black-box functions","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-10-24","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3009700043","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00500-020-05398-2","mag":"3009700043"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s00500-020-05398-2","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00500-020-05398-2","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00500-020-05398-2.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S65753830","display_name":"Soft Computing","issn_l":"1432-7643","issn":["1432-7643","1433-7479"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Soft Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref","datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00500-020-05398-2.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007832994","display_name":"Antonio Candelieri","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1431-576X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I66752286","display_name":"University of Milano-Bicocca","ror":"https://ror.org/01ynf4891","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I66752286"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Antonio Candelieri","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Milano-Bicocca, 20126, Milan, Italy","University of Milano-Bicocca,"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1431-576X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Milano-Bicocca, 20126, Milan, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I66752286"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Milano-Bicocca,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I66752286"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070430119","display_name":"Riccardo Perego","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0117-2237"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I66752286","display_name":"University of Milano-Bicocca","ror":"https://ror.org/01ynf4891","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I66752286"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Riccardo Perego","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Milano-Bicocca, 20126, Milan, Italy","University of Milano \u2018Bicocca\u2019; Milan Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0117-2237","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Milano-Bicocca, 20126, Milan, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I66752286"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Milano \u2018Bicocca\u2019; Milan Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I66752286"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063117823","display_name":"Ilaria Giordani","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6065-0473"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I66752286","display_name":"University of Milano-Bicocca","ror":"https://ror.org/01ynf4891","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I66752286"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ilaria Giordani","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Milano-Bicocca, 20126, Milan, Italy","University of Milano \u2018Bicocca\u2019; Milan Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6065-0473","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Milano-Bicocca, 20126, Milan, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I66752286"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Milano \u2018Bicocca\u2019; Milan Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I66752286"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052850594","display_name":"Andrea Ponti","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4187-4209"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I66752286","display_name":"University of Milano-Bicocca","ror":"https://ror.org/01ynf4891","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I66752286"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Andrea Ponti","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Milano-Bicocca, 20126, Milan, Italy","University of Milano \u2018Bicocca\u2019; Milan Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Milano-Bicocca, 20126, Milan, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I66752286"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Milano \u2018Bicocca\u2019; Milan Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I66752286"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011390491","display_name":"Francesco Archetti","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1131-3830"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I66752286","display_name":"University of Milano-Bicocca","ror":"https://ror.org/01ynf4891","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I66752286"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Francesco Archetti","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Milano-Bicocca, 20126, Milan, Italy","University of Milano \u2018Bicocca\u2019; Milan Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1131-3830","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Milano-Bicocca, 20126, Milan, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I66752286"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Milano \u2018Bicocca\u2019; Milan Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I66752286"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I66752286"],"apc_list":{"value":2390,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":2990},"apc_paid":{"value":2390,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":2990},"fwci":0.1343,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.56102604,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":93},"biblio":{"volume":"24","issue":"23","first_page":"17771","last_page":"17785"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12814","display_name":"Gaussian Processes and Bayesian Inference","score":0.9714000225067139,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12814","display_name":"Gaussian Processes and Bayesian Inference","score":0.9714000225067139,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10848","display_name":"Advanced Multi-Objective Optimization Algorithms","score":0.9254999756813049,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10656","display_name":"Child and Animal Learning Development","score":0.9143999814987183,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3204","display_name":"Developmental and Educational Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bayesian-optimization","display_name":"Bayesian optimization","score":0.7940300703048706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6248181462287903},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/black-box","display_name":"Black box","score":0.6139026880264282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.592660129070282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.5871735215187073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bayesian-probability","display_name":"Bayesian probability","score":0.586152970790863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/generalization","display_name":"Generalization","score":0.5685629844665527},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/probabilistic-logic","display_name":"Probabilistic logic","score":0.5363569855690002},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/surrogate-model","display_name":"Surrogate model","score":0.4966314435005188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gaussian-process","display_name":"Gaussian process","score":0.49169713258743286},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/function","display_name":"Function (biology)","score":0.45122450590133667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.4435290992259979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gaussian","display_name":"Gaussian","score":0.2929418683052063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.19565966725349426}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778049539","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17002908","display_name":"Bayesian optimization","level":2,"score":0.7940300703048706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6248181462287903},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94966114","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q29256","display_name":"Black box","level":2,"score":0.6139026880264282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.592660129070282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.5871735215187073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107673813","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q812534","display_name":"Bayesian probability","level":2,"score":0.586152970790863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177148314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170084","display_name":"Generalization","level":2,"score":0.5685629844665527},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49937458","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2599292","display_name":"Probabilistic logic","level":2,"score":0.5363569855690002},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C131675550","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7646884","display_name":"Surrogate model","level":2,"score":0.4966314435005188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61326573","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1496376","display_name":"Gaussian process","level":3,"score":0.49169713258743286},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14036430","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3736076","display_name":"Function (biology)","level":2,"score":0.45122450590133667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.4435290992259979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163716315","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q901177","display_name":"Gaussian","level":2,"score":0.2929418683052063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.19565966725349426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78458016","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q840400","display_name":"Evolutionary biology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/s00500-020-05398-2","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00500-020-05398-2","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00500-020-05398-2.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S65753830","display_name":"Soft Computing","issn_l":"1432-7643","issn":["1432-7643","1433-7479"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Soft Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2003.04275","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2003.04275","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2003.04275","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"mag:3009700043","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/pdf/2003.04275.pdf","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","raw_type":null},{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2003.04275","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2003.04275","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s00500-020-05398-2","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00500-020-05398-2","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00500-020-05398-2.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S65753830","display_name":"Soft Computing","issn_l":"1432-7643","issn":["1432-7643","1433-7479"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Soft Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321610","display_name":"Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca","ror":"https://ror.org/01ynf4891"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3009700043.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3009700043.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":31,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1563231564","https://openalex.org/W1930624869","https://openalex.org/W1939971942","https://openalex.org/W2059655077","https://openalex.org/W2061144551","https://openalex.org/W2113741278","https://openalex.org/W2120722175","https://openalex.org/W2133261881","https://openalex.org/W2134948265","https://openalex.org/W2185575900","https://openalex.org/W2396585558","https://openalex.org/W2400084313","https://openalex.org/W2552149088","https://openalex.org/W2598224452","https://openalex.org/W2736660860","https://openalex.org/W2786960723","https://openalex.org/W2793351526","https://openalex.org/W2794053345","https://openalex.org/W2804446681","https://openalex.org/W2900107753","https://openalex.org/W2937524244","https://openalex.org/W2949851495","https://openalex.org/W2952186752","https://openalex.org/W2963674559","https://openalex.org/W2976818350","https://openalex.org/W3006592782","https://openalex.org/W3047097445","https://openalex.org/W4210580908","https://openalex.org/W4214656930","https://openalex.org/W4252003911","https://openalex.org/W6601979399"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3093562027","https://openalex.org/W3006592782","https://openalex.org/W2891368128","https://openalex.org/W2121615264","https://openalex.org/W2998131667","https://openalex.org/W3004036899","https://openalex.org/W2750152668","https://openalex.org/W2130521043","https://openalex.org/W67138833","https://openalex.org/W2380676063","https://openalex.org/W2949600864","https://openalex.org/W2922848338","https://openalex.org/W3102989992","https://openalex.org/W2782092489","https://openalex.org/W153786144","https://openalex.org/W3197221587","https://openalex.org/W2565468479","https://openalex.org/W63391226","https://openalex.org/W2804446681","https://openalex.org/W3124636427"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"Modelling":[1],"human":[2],"function":[3,37],"learning":[4,82,91,152],"has":[5],"been":[6,78],"the":[7,25,45,48,54,57,68,80,87,119],"subject":[8],"of":[9,50,67,89,121,128,150],"intense":[10],"research":[11],"in":[12,19,61,86,95,101,153],"cognitive":[13],"sciences.":[14],"The":[15],"topic":[16],"is":[17,29,84],"relevant":[18],"black-box":[20],"optimization":[21,113,141],"where":[22],"information":[23],"about":[24],"objective":[26],"and/or":[27],"constraints":[28],"not":[30],"available":[31],"and":[32,56,74],"must":[33],"be":[34],"learned":[35],"through":[36],"evaluations.":[38],"In":[39,105],"this":[40,106],"paper,":[41,107],"we":[42,108],"focus":[43],"on":[44],"relation":[46],"between":[47],"behaviour":[49],"humans":[51,116],"searching":[52,117],"for":[53,118],"maximum":[55,120],"probabilistic":[58],"model":[59,145],"used":[60],"Bayesian":[62,81,112,140],"optimization.":[63],"As":[64],"surrogate":[65,136],"models":[66],"unknown":[69,123],"function,":[70],"both":[71,135],"Gaussian":[72],"processes":[73],"random":[75],"forest":[76],"have":[77],"considered:":[79],"paradigm":[83],"central":[85],"development":[88],"active":[90,151],"approaches":[92],"balancing":[93],"exploration/exploitation":[94],"uncertain":[96],"conditions":[97],"towards":[98],"effective":[99],"generalization":[100],"large":[102],"decision":[103],"spaces.":[104],"analyse":[109],"experimentally":[110],"how":[111],"compares":[114],"to":[115,146],"an":[122],"2D":[124],"function.":[125],"A":[126],"set":[127],"controlled":[129],"experiments":[130],"with":[131],"60":[132],"subjects,":[133],"using":[134],"models,":[137],"confirm":[138],"that":[139],"provides":[142],"a":[143],"general":[144],"represent":[147],"individual":[148],"patterns":[149],"humans.":[154]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-15T18:14:33.161393","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
