{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2009544788","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00454-010-9262-3","title":"Locked and Unlocked Chains of Planar Shapes","display_name":"Locked and Unlocked Chains of Planar Shapes","publication_year":2010,"publication_date":"2010-05-27","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2009544788","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00454-010-9262-3","mag":"2009544788"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s00454-010-9262-3","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00454-010-9262-3","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00454-010-9262-3.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S103671469","display_name":"Discrete & Computational Geometry","issn_l":"0179-5376","issn":["0179-5376","1432-0444"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Discrete & Computational Geometry","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00454-010-9262-3.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Robert Connelly","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","display_name":"Cornell University","ror":"https://ror.org/05bnh6r87","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Robert Connelly","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mathematics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mathematics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Erik D. Demaine","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I126820664","display_name":"Vassar College","ror":"https://ror.org/022x6qg61","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126820664"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Erik D. Demaine","raw_affiliation_strings":["MIT Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, 32 Vassar St., Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"MIT Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, 32 Vassar St., Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126820664"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Martin L. Demaine","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I126820664","display_name":"Vassar College","ror":"https://ror.org/022x6qg61","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126820664"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Martin L. Demaine","raw_affiliation_strings":["MIT Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, 32 Vassar St., Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"MIT Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, 32 Vassar St., Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126820664"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"S\u00e1ndor P. Fekete","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I94509681","display_name":"Technische Universit\u00e4t Braunschweig","ror":"https://ror.org/010nsgg66","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I94509681"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"S\u00e1ndor P. Fekete","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, Braunschweig University of Technology, M\u00fchlenpfordtstr. 23, 38106, Braunschweig, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Braunschweig University of Technology, M\u00fchlenpfordtstr. 23, 38106, Braunschweig, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I94509681"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Stefan Langerman","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I132053463","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 Libre de Bruxelles","ror":"https://ror.org/01r9htc13","country_code":"BE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I132053463"]}],"countries":["BE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Stefan Langerman","raw_affiliation_strings":["Chercheur qualifi\u00e9 du FNRS, D\u00e9partement d\u2019informatique, Universit\u00e9 Libre de Bruxelles, ULB CP212, Bruxelles, Belgium"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Chercheur qualifi\u00e9 du FNRS, D\u00e9partement d\u2019informatique, Universit\u00e9 Libre de Bruxelles, ULB CP212, Bruxelles, Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I132053463"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Joseph S. B. Mitchell","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I59553526","display_name":"Stony Brook University","ror":"https://ror.org/05qghxh33","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I59553526"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Joseph S. B. Mitchell","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Applied Mathematics and Statistics, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794-3600, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Applied Mathematics and Statistics, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794-3600, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I59553526"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Ares Rib\u00f3","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I75951250","display_name":"Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin","ror":"https://ror.org/046ak2485","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I75951250"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ares Rib\u00f3","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institut f\u00fcr Informatik, Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin, Takustra\u00dfe 9, 14195, Berlin, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institut f\u00fcr Informatik, Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin, Takustra\u00dfe 9, 14195, Berlin, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I75951250"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"G\u00fcnter Rote","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I75951250","display_name":"Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin","ror":"https://ror.org/046ak2485","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I75951250"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"G\u00fcnter Rote","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institut f\u00fcr Informatik, Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin, Takustra\u00dfe 9, 14195, Berlin, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institut f\u00fcr Informatik, Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin, Takustra\u00dfe 9, 14195, Berlin, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I75951250"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"apc_list":{"value":2890,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2890},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.8182,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":8,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.78088354,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"44","issue":"2","first_page":"439","last_page":"462"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11870","display_name":"Structural Analysis and Optimization","score":0.7512000203132629,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2205","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11870","display_name":"Structural Analysis and Optimization","score":0.7512000203132629,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2205","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11737","display_name":"Advanced Materials and Mechanics","score":0.14810000360012054,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10304","display_name":"Geometric and Algebraic Topology","score":0.03970000147819519,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2608","display_name":"Geometry and Topology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/26","display_name":"Mathematics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/planar","display_name":"Planar","score":0.8055999875068665},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/isosceles-triangle","display_name":"Isosceles triangle","score":0.6431999802589417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hinge","display_name":"Hinge","score":0.6403999924659729},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/path","display_name":"Path (computing)","score":0.5436999797821045},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/boundary","display_name":"Boundary (topology)","score":0.4970000088214874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linkage","display_name":"Linkage (software)","score":0.4884999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/topology","display_name":"Topology (electrical circuits)","score":0.4772999882698059},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/line-segment","display_name":"Line segment","score":0.4293000102043152}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134786449","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3391255","display_name":"Planar","level":2,"score":0.8055999875068665},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98653994","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q875937","display_name":"Isosceles triangle","level":2,"score":0.6431999802589417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44000306","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q244330","display_name":"Hinge","level":2,"score":0.6403999924659729},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.5695000290870667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777735758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q817765","display_name":"Path (computing)","level":2,"score":0.5436999797821045},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62354387","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q875399","display_name":"Boundary (topology)","level":2,"score":0.4970000088214874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31266012","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6554340","display_name":"Linkage (software)","level":3,"score":0.4884999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184720557","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7825049","display_name":"Topology (electrical circuits)","level":2,"score":0.4772999882698059},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.46880000829696655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114614502","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76592","display_name":"Combinatorics","level":1,"score":0.4375999867916107},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C182124507","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q166154","display_name":"Line segment","level":2,"score":0.4293000102043152},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162307627","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q204833","display_name":"Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution","level":2,"score":0.42340001463890076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198352243","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37105","display_name":"Line (geometry)","level":2,"score":0.4187999963760376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119701452","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165881","display_name":"Control reconfiguration","level":2,"score":0.40880000591278076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199185054","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q552299","display_name":"Chain (unit)","level":2,"score":0.39800000190734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781302577","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q209","display_name":"Rectangle","level":2,"score":0.3741999864578247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C189950617","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q937228","display_name":"Property (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.28040000796318054},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C208081375","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q274502","display_name":"Degrees of freedom (physics and chemistry)","level":2,"score":0.26930001378059387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779664074","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3518405","display_name":"Terminal (telecommunication)","level":2,"score":0.26660001277923584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17137986","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q215067","display_name":"Orthogonality","level":2,"score":0.25619998574256897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779472054","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2377973","display_name":"Groove (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.25119999051094055}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/s00454-010-9262-3","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00454-010-9262-3","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00454-010-9262-3.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S103671469","display_name":"Discrete & Computational Geometry","issn_l":"0179-5376","issn":["0179-5376","1432-0444"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Discrete & Computational Geometry","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:cs/0604022","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/cs/0604022","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/cs/0604022","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/71992","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/71992","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401063","display_name":"D\u00e9p\u00f4t institutionnel de l'Universit\u00e9 libre de Bruxelles (Universit\u00e9 Libre de Bruxelles)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I132053463","host_organization_name":"Universit\u00e9 Libre de Bruxelles","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I132053463"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Discrete & computational geometry, 44 (2","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s00454-010-9262-3","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00454-010-9262-3","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00454-010-9262-3.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S103671469","display_name":"Discrete & Computational Geometry","issn_l":"0179-5376","issn":["0179-5376","1432-0444"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Discrete & Computational Geometry","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2756594159","display_name":"GEOMETRIC FOLDING ALGORITHMS","funder_award_id":"FG02-04ER25647","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306084","funder_display_name":"U.S. Department of Energy"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3109976255","display_name":"CAREER:  Fundamental Research in Geometric Folding","funder_award_id":"0347776","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3581308421","display_name":"MSPA-MCS:    Collaborative Research:   New Methods for Robust, Feature-Preserving Surface Reconstruction","funder_award_id":"0528209","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3987096862","display_name":"Computational Ridgidity and Motion Planning","funder_award_id":"0209595","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6286022730","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"CCF-0431030","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7102014014","display_name":"Algorithmic Studies in Applied Geometry","funder_award_id":"0729019","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7186324567","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"DE-FG02-","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306084","funder_display_name":"U.S. Department of Energy"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7449807376","display_name":"Algorithmic Studies in Applied Geometry","funder_award_id":"0431030","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8684078510","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"DE-FG02","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306084","funder_display_name":"U.S. Department of Energy"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8910135337","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"CCF-0528209","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306084","display_name":"U.S. Department of Energy","ror":"https://ror.org/01bj3aw27"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306101","display_name":"National Aeronautics and Space Administration","ror":"https://ror.org/027ka1x80"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321390","display_name":"Fonds De La Recherche Scientifique - FNRS","ror":"https://ror.org/03q83t159"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332374","display_name":"Ames Research Center","ror":"https://ror.org/02acart68"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2009544788.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2009544788.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":19,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W101985410","https://openalex.org/W1242194915","https://openalex.org/W1990085730","https://openalex.org/W2010786313","https://openalex.org/W2040501462","https://openalex.org/W2042106485","https://openalex.org/W2060579930","https://openalex.org/W2068564171","https://openalex.org/W2099566347","https://openalex.org/W2114215938","https://openalex.org/W2145000698","https://openalex.org/W2145153585","https://openalex.org/W2148565368","https://openalex.org/W2160347332","https://openalex.org/W2331148209","https://openalex.org/W4230607790","https://openalex.org/W4233781965","https://openalex.org/W4234069987","https://openalex.org/W6824835590"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-28T07:46:37.118299","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}