{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2510063787","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00453-017-0387-0","title":"Complexity of Token Swapping and Its Variants","display_name":"Complexity of Token Swapping and Its Variants","publication_year":2017,"publication_date":"2017-10-20","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2510063787","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00453-017-0387-0","mag":"2510063787"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s00453-017-0387-0","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00453-017-0387-0","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00453-017-0387-0.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S89324355","display_name":"Algorithmica","issn_l":"0178-4617","issn":["0178-4617","1432-0541"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Algorithmica","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref","datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00453-017-0387-0.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083806838","display_name":"\u00c9douard Bonnet","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1653-5822"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I60488453","display_name":"Middlesex University","ror":"https://ror.org/01rv4p989","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I60488453"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"\u00c9douard Bonnet","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, Middlesex University, London, UK","Mod\u00e8les de calcul, Complexit\u00e9, Combinatoire"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Middlesex University, London, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I60488453"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Mod\u00e8les de calcul, Complexit\u00e9, Combinatoire","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077251333","display_name":"Tillmann Miltzow","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4563-2864"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I132053463","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 Libre de Bruxelles","ror":"https://ror.org/01r9htc13","country_code":"BE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I132053463"]}],"countries":["BE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tillmann Miltzow","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universit\u00e9 libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium","Universite\u0301 Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universit\u00e9 libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I132053463"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universite\u0301 Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I132053463"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047941027","display_name":"Pawe\u0142 Rz\u0105\u017cewski","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7696-3848"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I108403487","display_name":"Warsaw University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00y0xnp53","country_code":"PL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I108403487"]}],"countries":["PL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pawe\u0142 Rz\u0105\u017cewski","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Mathematics and Information Science, Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw, Poland","Faculty of Mathematics and Information Science [Warszawa]"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7696-3848","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Mathematics and Information Science, Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw, Poland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I108403487"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Mathematics and Information Science [Warszawa]","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":2890,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2890},"apc_paid":{"value":2890,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2890},"fwci":0.2003,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.61203128,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"80","issue":"9","first_page":"2656","last_page":"2682"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13664","display_name":"Genome Rearrangement Algorithms","score":0.9872999787330627,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1311","display_name":"Genetics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13664","display_name":"Genome Rearrangement Algorithms","score":0.9872999787330627,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1311","display_name":"Genetics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11269","display_name":"Algorithms and Data Compression","score":0.9710999727249146,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11567","display_name":"semigroups and automata theory","score":0.9661999940872192,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/security-token","display_name":"Security token","score":0.6449456214904785},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5046747922897339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computational-biology","display_name":"Computational biology","score":0.43963199853897095},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biology","display_name":"Biology","score":0.331020712852478},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.19069135189056396}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48145219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1335365","display_name":"Security token","level":2,"score":0.6449456214904785},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5046747922897339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70721500","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177005","display_name":"Computational biology","level":1,"score":0.43963199853897095},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.331020712852478},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.19069135189056396}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":10,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/s00453-017-0387-0","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00453-017-0387-0","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00453-017-0387-0.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S89324355","display_name":"Algorithmica","issn_l":"0178-4617","issn":["0178-4617","1432-0541"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Algorithmica","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:eprints.mdx.ac.uk:24067","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":null,"pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400025","display_name":"Middlesex University Research Repository (Middlesex University Of London)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I60488453","host_organization_name":"Middlesex University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I60488453"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:1607.07676","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/1607.07676","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1607.07676","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:HAL:hal-01991662v1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hal.science/hal-01991662","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402512","display_name":"HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1294671590","host_organization_name":"Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Algorithmica, 2018","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:HAL:hal-01994385v1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hal.science/hal-01994385","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402512","display_name":"HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1294671590","host_organization_name":"Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"https://stacs2017.thi.uni-hannover.de/","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/conferenceObject"},{"id":"pmh:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/273668","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/273668","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401063","display_name":"D\u00e9p\u00f4t institutionnel de l'Universit\u00e9 libre de Bruxelles (Universit\u00e9 Libre de Bruxelles)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I132053463","host_organization_name":"Universit\u00e9 Libre de Bruxelles","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I132053463"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Algorithmica, 80 (9","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:drops-oai.dagstuhl.de:7018","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.STACS.2017.16","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402524","display_name":"Leibniz-Zentrum f\u00fcr Informatik (Schloss Dagstuhl)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2799853480","host_organization_name":"Schloss Dagstuhl \u2013 Leibniz Center for Informatics","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799853480"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"InProceedings"},{"id":"pmh:oai:eprints.sztaki.hu:9225","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://eprints.sztaki.hu/9225/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401907","display_name":"SZTAKI Publication Repository (Hungarian Academy of Sciences)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I7597260","host_organization_name":"Hungarian Academy of Sciences","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I7597260"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Book Section"},{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.1607.07676","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1607.07676","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"},{"id":"doi:10.4230/lipics.stacs.2017.16","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.4230/lipics.stacs.2017.16","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407052059","display_name":"Dagstuhl Research Online Publication Server","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"ConferencePaper"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s00453-017-0387-0","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00453-017-0387-0","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00453-017-0387-0.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S89324355","display_name":"Algorithmica","issn_l":"0178-4617","issn":["0178-4617","1432-0541"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Algorithmica","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5539758277","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"280152","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334678","funder_display_name":"European Research Council"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334678","display_name":"European Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/0472cxd90"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2510063787.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2510063787.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":29,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W4487051","https://openalex.org/W1487872891","https://openalex.org/W1491169489","https://openalex.org/W1553145333","https://openalex.org/W1579402145","https://openalex.org/W1791386552","https://openalex.org/W1973264045","https://openalex.org/W1982129592","https://openalex.org/W1985572324","https://openalex.org/W1995725694","https://openalex.org/W2038435150","https://openalex.org/W2039898566","https://openalex.org/W2048036606","https://openalex.org/W2059936808","https://openalex.org/W2064336391","https://openalex.org/W2072229071","https://openalex.org/W2083140445","https://openalex.org/W2089645963","https://openalex.org/W2095689360","https://openalex.org/W2103894616","https://openalex.org/W2137766675","https://openalex.org/W2150004999","https://openalex.org/W2169085828","https://openalex.org/W2173182912","https://openalex.org/W2295889644","https://openalex.org/W2913469604","https://openalex.org/W2963428252","https://openalex.org/W4246384432","https://openalex.org/W6722385208"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2082860237","https://openalex.org/W1990804418","https://openalex.org/W2130076355","https://openalex.org/W1993764875","https://openalex.org/W1641042124","https://openalex.org/W2013243191","https://openalex.org/W2151865869","https://openalex.org/W2117258802"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0,77],"the":[1,30,36,45,52,68,100,105,109,117,128,136,143,163,170,186,211],"Token":[2,61,129,133,150,175],"Swapping":[3,62,134,151],"problem":[4],"we":[5,25,58,79,166,184],"are":[6,146],"given":[7],"a":[8,11,72,156],"graph":[9,181],"with":[10],"token":[12,18,154],"placed":[13],"on":[14,47],"each":[15,153],"vertex.":[16],"Each":[17],"has":[19,155],"exactly":[20],"one":[21],"destination":[22],"vertex,":[23],"and":[24,140,148,202,206,215],"try":[26],"to":[27,32,209],"move":[28],"all":[29,189],"tokens":[31,46,137,141],"their":[33],"destinations,":[34],"using":[35],"minimum":[37],"number":[38,101],"of":[39,43,55,71,75,102,104,127,142,158,188,196,199],"swaps,":[40],"i.e.,":[41],"operations":[42],"exchanging":[44],"two":[48,125],"adjacent":[49],"vertices.":[50],"As":[51],"main":[53],"result":[54],"this":[56],"paper,":[57],"show":[59],"that":[60,168],"is":[63,99,177],"$$W[1]$$":[64],"-hard":[65],"parameterized":[66],"by":[67],"length":[69],"k":[70],"shortest":[73],"sequence":[74],"swaps.":[76],"fact,":[78],"prove":[80,167],"that,":[81],"for":[82],"any":[83],"computable":[84],"function":[85],"f,":[86],"it":[87],"cannot":[88],"be":[89],"solved":[90],"in":[91,179,192],"time":[92],"$$f(k)n^{o(k":[93],"/":[94],"\\log":[95],"k)}$$":[96],"where":[97],"n":[98],"vertices":[103],"input":[106],"graph,":[107],"unless":[108],"ETH":[110],"fails.":[111],"This":[112],"lower":[113],"bound":[114],"almost":[115],"matches":[116],"trivial":[118],"$$n^{O(k)}$$":[119],"-time":[120],"algorithm.":[121],"We":[122],"also":[123],"consider":[124,185],"generalizations":[126],"Swapping,":[130,176],"namely":[131],"Colored":[132],"(where":[135,152],"have":[138],"colors":[139],"same":[144],"color":[145],"indistinguishable),":[147],"Subset":[149,174],"set":[157],"possible":[159],"destinations).":[160],"To":[161],"complement":[162],"hardness":[164],"result,":[165],"even":[169],"most":[171],"general":[172],"variant,":[173],"FPT":[178],"nowhere-dense":[180],"classes.":[182],"Finally,":[183],"complexities":[187],"three":[190],"problems":[191],"very":[193],"restricted":[194],"classes":[195],"graphs:":[197],"graphs":[198],"bounded":[200],"treewidth":[201],"diameter,":[203],"stars,":[204],"cliques,":[205],"paths,":[207],"trying":[208],"identify":[210],"borderlines":[212],"between":[213],"polynomial":[214],"NP-hard":[216],"cases.":[217]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-25T09:21:30.201066","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
