{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2753470076","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00453-017-0369-2","title":"How to Escape Local Optima in Black Box Optimisation: When Non-elitism Outperforms Elitism","display_name":"How to Escape Local Optima in Black Box Optimisation: When Non-elitism Outperforms Elitism","publication_year":2017,"publication_date":"2017-09-06","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2753470076","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00453-017-0369-2","mag":"2753470076","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30996504"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s00453-017-0369-2","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00453-017-0369-2","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00453-017-0369-2.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S89324355","display_name":"Algorithmica","issn_l":"0178-4617","issn":["0178-4617","1432-0541"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Algorithmica","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00453-017-0369-2.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063001475","display_name":"Pietro S. Oliveto","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8164-6767"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I91136226","display_name":"University of Sheffield","ror":"https://ror.org/05krs5044","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I91136226"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Pietro S. Oliveto","raw_affiliation_strings":["1University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S1 4DP UK","University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S1 4DP, UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"1University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S1 4DP UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91136226"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S1 4DP, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91136226"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047011809","display_name":"Tiago Paix\u00e3o","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2361-3953"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157556583","display_name":"Institute of Science and Technology Austria","ror":"https://ror.org/03gnh5541","country_code":"AT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157556583"]}],"countries":["AT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tiago Paix\u00e3o","raw_affiliation_strings":["2IST Austria, Am Campus 1, 3400 Klosterneuburg, Austria","IST Austria, Am Campus 1, 3400, Klosterneuburg, Austria"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"2IST Austria, Am Campus 1, 3400 Klosterneuburg, Austria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157556583"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"IST Austria, Am Campus 1, 3400, Klosterneuburg, Austria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157556583"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086791943","display_name":"Jorge P\u00e9rez Heredia","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4688-182X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I91136226","display_name":"University of Sheffield","ror":"https://ror.org/05krs5044","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I91136226"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jorge P\u00e9rez Heredia","raw_affiliation_strings":["1University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S1 4DP UK","University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S1 4DP, UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"1University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S1 4DP UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91136226"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S1 4DP, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91136226"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018789989","display_name":"Dirk Sudholt","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6020-1646"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I91136226","display_name":"University of Sheffield","ror":"https://ror.org/05krs5044","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I91136226"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dirk Sudholt","raw_affiliation_strings":["1University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S1 4DP UK","University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S1 4DP, UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"1University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S1 4DP UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91136226"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S1 4DP, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91136226"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070800805","display_name":"Barbora Trubenov\u00e1","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6873-2967"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157556583","display_name":"Institute of Science and Technology Austria","ror":"https://ror.org/03gnh5541","country_code":"AT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157556583"]}],"countries":["AT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Barbora Trubenov\u00e1","raw_affiliation_strings":["2IST Austria, Am Campus 1, 3400 Klosterneuburg, Austria","IST Austria, Am Campus 1, 3400, Klosterneuburg, Austria"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"2IST Austria, Am Campus 1, 3400 Klosterneuburg, Austria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157556583"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"IST Austria, Am Campus 1, 3400, Klosterneuburg, Austria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157556583"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5063001475"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91136226"],"apc_list":{"value":2290,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":2890},"apc_paid":{"value":2290,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":2890},"fwci":1.2459,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":38,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.85358478,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"80","issue":"5","first_page":"1604","last_page":"1633"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11975","display_name":"Evolutionary Algorithms and Applications","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11975","display_name":"Evolutionary Algorithms and Applications","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10100","display_name":"Metaheuristic Optimization Algorithms Research","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11764","display_name":"Evolution and Genetic Dynamics","score":0.9941999912261963,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1311","display_name":"Genetics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/local-optimum","display_name":"Local optimum","score":0.7384779453277588},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fitness-landscape","display_name":"Fitness landscape","score":0.7223237156867981},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/elitism","display_name":"Elitism","score":0.6927647590637207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fitness-function","display_name":"Fitness function","score":0.6081282496452332},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-optimization","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","score":0.6017827987670898},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fitness-approximation","display_name":"Fitness approximation","score":0.508454442024231},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hill-climbing","display_name":"Hill climbing","score":0.5007913112640381},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/population","display_name":"Population","score":0.4958208501338959},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/local-search","display_name":"Local search (optimization)","score":0.469632625579834},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/selection","display_name":"Selection (genetic algorithm)","score":0.44986724853515625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.44530385732650757},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/evolutionary-algorithm","display_name":"Evolutionary algorithm","score":0.4290340542793274},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.42740535736083984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/genetic-algorithm","display_name":"Genetic algorithm","score":0.33802294731140137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.3301355838775635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.2812744975090027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sociology","display_name":"Sociology","score":0.12841099500656128},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/law","display_name":"Law","score":0.09242984652519226}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141934464","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3305386","display_name":"Local optimum","level":2,"score":0.7384779453277588},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C91852762","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3307742","display_name":"Fitness landscape","level":3,"score":0.7223237156867981},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780688418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q422933","display_name":"Elitism","level":3,"score":0.6927647590637207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C176066374","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q629118","display_name":"Fitness function","level":3,"score":0.6081282496452332},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.6017827987670898},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148392497","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16250539","display_name":"Fitness approximation","level":4,"score":0.508454442024231},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C135450995","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q820272","display_name":"Hill climbing","level":2,"score":0.5007913112640381},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.4958208501338959},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C135320971","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1868524","display_name":"Local search (optimization)","level":2,"score":0.469632625579834},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81917197","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q628760","display_name":"Selection (genetic algorithm)","level":2,"score":0.44986724853515625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.44530385732650757},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159149176","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14489129","display_name":"Evolutionary algorithm","level":2,"score":0.4290340542793274},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.42740535736083984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8880873","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q187787","display_name":"Genetic algorithm","level":2,"score":0.33802294731140137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.3301355838775635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.2812744975090027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.12841099500656128},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.09242984652519226},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149923435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37732","display_name":"Demography","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/s00453-017-0369-2","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00453-017-0369-2","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00453-017-0369-2.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S89324355","display_name":"Algorithmica","issn_l":"0178-4617","issn":["0178-4617","1432-0541"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Algorithmica","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:30996504","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30996504","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Algorithmica","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:eprints.whiterose.ac.uk:122143","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":null,"pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400854","display_name":"White Rose Research Online (University of Leeds, The University of Sheffield, University of York)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2800616092","host_organization_name":"White Rose University Consortium","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800616092"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:5446194","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/6438649","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s00453-017-0369-2","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00453-017-0369-2","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00453-017-0369-2.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S89324355","display_name":"Algorithmica","issn_l":"0178-4617","issn":["0178-4617","1432-0541"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Algorithmica","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.6600000262260437,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2972198855","display_name":"Rigorous Runtime Analysis of Bio-Inspired Computing","funder_award_id":"EP/M004252/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3829048491","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"FP7/2007-2013","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","funder_display_name":"European Commission"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3981126665","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Seventh Framework Programme","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","funder_display_name":"European Commission"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G405836512","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"618091","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334960","funder_display_name":"Seventh Framework Programme"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5194412262","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"618091","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","funder_display_name":"European Commission"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5593277320","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2007-2013","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","funder_display_name":"European Commission"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5702163051","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"FP7/2007","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","funder_display_name":"European Commission"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8051717526","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Grant","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","funder_display_name":"European Commission"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8501742012","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"EP/M004252/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","display_name":"European Commission","ror":"https://ror.org/00k4n6c32"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/0439y7842"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334960","display_name":"Seventh Framework Programme","ror":"https://ror.org/00k4n6c32"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2753470076.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2753470076.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":41,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W372717656","https://openalex.org/W1493965168","https://openalex.org/W1524657756","https://openalex.org/W1534688999","https://openalex.org/W1581232621","https://openalex.org/W1653352711","https://openalex.org/W1914267757","https://openalex.org/W1930635754","https://openalex.org/W1964170829","https://openalex.org/W1970101133","https://openalex.org/W1972810918","https://openalex.org/W1980841486","https://openalex.org/W1981303977","https://openalex.org/W1985318592","https://openalex.org/W2024281442","https://openalex.org/W2025746323","https://openalex.org/W2032431794","https://openalex.org/W2063728416","https://openalex.org/W2082931571","https://openalex.org/W2084149434","https://openalex.org/W2087605480","https://openalex.org/W2096795740","https://openalex.org/W2097097696","https://openalex.org/W2114757319","https://openalex.org/W2121654446","https://openalex.org/W2128292906","https://openalex.org/W2146239736","https://openalex.org/W2161238506","https://openalex.org/W2165220807","https://openalex.org/W2197473496","https://openalex.org/W2305224893","https://openalex.org/W2326740504","https://openalex.org/W2484365019","https://openalex.org/W2487146608","https://openalex.org/W2507985785","https://openalex.org/W2510360068","https://openalex.org/W2521372821","https://openalex.org/W2550680346","https://openalex.org/W2751862591","https://openalex.org/W4239703783","https://openalex.org/W4301441647"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W57712993","https://openalex.org/W192154461","https://openalex.org/W3046481193","https://openalex.org/W2140292604","https://openalex.org/W2146810516","https://openalex.org/W2809695261","https://openalex.org/W1997104952","https://openalex.org/W4385189452","https://openalex.org/W2753470076","https://openalex.org/W2745125720"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Escaping":[0],"local":[1,19],"optima":[2,20,54],"is":[3,88],"one":[4],"of":[5,15,37,40,105,152,167,173,182,201],"the":[6,13,48,52,58,100,118,122,140,150,153,165,168,171,174,180,183],"major":[7],"obstacles":[8],"to":[9,22,30,97,102,138],"function":[10,64,199],"optimisation.":[11],"Using":[12],"metaphor":[14],"a":[16,35,68,89,103,129,197],"fitness":[17,26,38,107,141],"landscape,":[18],"correspond":[21],"hills":[23],"separated":[24],"by":[25,43,143],"valleys":[27,39],"that":[28,95,149,188],"have":[29],"be":[31],"overcome.":[32],"We":[33,147],"define":[34],"class":[36,65],"tunable":[41],"difficulty":[42],"considering":[44],"their":[45,56],"<i>length</i>,":[46],"representing":[47],"Hamming":[49],"path":[50],"between":[51,71],"two":[53],"and":[55,91,121,191],"<i>depth</i>,":[57],"drop":[59],"in":[60,132],"fitness.":[61],"For":[62],"this":[63],"we":[66,186],"present":[67],"runtime":[69,151],"comparison":[70],"stochastic":[72],"search":[73,77],"algorithms":[74,176],"using":[75],"different":[76],"strategies.":[78],"The":[79],"(":[80,154],"<mml:math":[81,155],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"><mml:mrow><mml:mn>1</mml:mn>":[82,156],"<mml:mo>+</mml:mo>":[83,157],"<mml:mn>1</mml:mn></mml:mrow>":[84,158],"</mml:math>":[85,159],")":[86,160],"EA":[87,161],"simple":[90],"well-studied":[92],"evolutionary":[93],"algorithm":[94,120],"has":[96],"jump":[98],"across":[99],"valley":[101,142,169],"point":[104],"higher":[106],"because":[108],"it":[109],"does":[110],"not":[111],"accept":[112],"worsening":[113,145],"moves":[114],"(elitism).":[115],"In":[116],"contrast,":[117],"Metropolis":[119,192],"Strong":[123],"Selection":[124],"Weak":[125],"Mutation":[126],"(SSWM)":[127],"algorithm,":[128],"famous":[130],"process":[131],"population":[133],"genetics,":[134],"are":[135],"both":[136,189],"able":[137],"cross":[139],"accepting":[144],"moves.":[146],"show":[148,187],"depends":[162],"critically":[163],"on":[164,179],"length":[166],"while":[170],"runtimes":[172],"non-elitist":[175],"depend":[177],"crucially":[178],"depth":[181],"valley.":[184],"Moreover,":[185],"SSWM":[190],"can":[193],"also":[194],"efficiently":[195],"optimise":[196],"rugged":[198],"consisting":[200],"consecutive":[202],"valleys.":[203]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
