{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2521372821","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00453-016-0212-1","title":"Towards a Runtime Comparison of Natural and Artificial Evolution","display_name":"Towards a Runtime Comparison of Natural and Artificial Evolution","publication_year":2016,"publication_date":"2016-09-19","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2521372821","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00453-016-0212-1","mag":"2521372821"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s00453-016-0212-1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00453-016-0212-1","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007%2Fs00453-016-0212-1.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S89324355","display_name":"Algorithmica","issn_l":"0178-4617","issn":["0178-4617","1432-0541"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Algorithmica","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007%2Fs00453-016-0212-1.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047011809","display_name":"Tiago Paix\u00e3o","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2361-3953"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157556583","display_name":"Institute of Science and Technology Austria","ror":"https://ror.org/03gnh5541","country_code":"AT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157556583"]}],"countries":["AT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tiago Paix\u00e3o","raw_affiliation_strings":["IST Austria, Am Campus 1, 3400, Klosterneuburg, Austria"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"IST Austria, Am Campus 1, 3400, Klosterneuburg, Austria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157556583"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086791943","display_name":"Jorge P\u00e9rez Heredia","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4688-182X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I91136226","display_name":"University of Sheffield","ror":"https://ror.org/05krs5044","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I91136226"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jorge P\u00e9rez Heredia","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S1 4DP, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S1 4DP, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91136226"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018789989","display_name":"Dirk Sudholt","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6020-1646"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I91136226","display_name":"University of Sheffield","ror":"https://ror.org/05krs5044","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I91136226"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Dirk Sudholt","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S1 4DP, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S1 4DP, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91136226"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070800805","display_name":"Barbora Trubenov\u00e1","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6873-2967"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157556583","display_name":"Institute of Science and Technology Austria","ror":"https://ror.org/03gnh5541","country_code":"AT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157556583"]}],"countries":["AT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Barbora Trubenov\u00e1","raw_affiliation_strings":["IST Austria, Am Campus 1, 3400, Klosterneuburg, Austria"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"IST Austria, Am Campus 1, 3400, Klosterneuburg, Austria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157556583"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5018789989"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91136226"],"apc_list":{"value":2890,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2890},"apc_paid":{"value":2890,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2890},"fwci":8.1186,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":44,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97156006,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"78","issue":"2","first_page":"681","last_page":"713"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11975","display_name":"Evolutionary Algorithms and Applications","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11975","display_name":"Evolutionary Algorithms and Applications","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10100","display_name":"Metaheuristic Optimization Algorithms Research","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11764","display_name":"Evolution and Genetic Dynamics","score":0.9970999956130981,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1311","display_name":"Genetics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fitness-landscape","display_name":"Fitness landscape","score":0.6899159550666809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/evolutionary-algorithm","display_name":"Evolutionary algorithm","score":0.6321526169776917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theory-of-computation","display_name":"Theory of computation","score":0.6141912937164307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-selection","display_name":"Natural selection","score":0.6109826564788818},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/population","display_name":"Population","score":0.5848784446716309},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mutation-rate","display_name":"Mutation rate","score":0.5435149669647217},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mutation","display_name":"Mutation","score":0.5418049693107605},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/evolutionary-computation","display_name":"Evolutionary computation","score":0.5410001277923584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/selection","display_name":"Selection (genetic algorithm)","score":0.5398271679878235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/evolutionary-dynamics","display_name":"Evolutionary dynamics","score":0.5125477313995361},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.48219409584999084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-optimization","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","score":0.3717164397239685},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.3446551561355591},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.2831028997898102},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.24932193756103516},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biology","display_name":"Biology","score":0.22302651405334473},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/genetics","display_name":"Genetics","score":0.13704940676689148}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C91852762","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3307742","display_name":"Fitness landscape","level":3,"score":0.6899159550666809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159149176","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14489129","display_name":"Evolutionary algorithm","level":2,"score":0.6321526169776917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24858836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844718","display_name":"Theory of computation","level":2,"score":0.6141912937164307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75268714","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43478","display_name":"Natural selection","level":3,"score":0.6109826564788818},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.5848784446716309},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98638677","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2067051","display_name":"Mutation rate","level":3,"score":0.5435149669647217},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C501734568","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42918","display_name":"Mutation","level":3,"score":0.5418049693107605},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105902424","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1197129","display_name":"Evolutionary computation","level":2,"score":0.5410001277923584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81917197","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q628760","display_name":"Selection (genetic algorithm)","level":2,"score":0.5398271679878235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171578705","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5418700","display_name":"Evolutionary dynamics","level":3,"score":0.5125477313995361},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.48219409584999084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.3717164397239685},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.3446551561355591},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.2831028997898102},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.24932193756103516},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.22302651405334473},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54355233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162","display_name":"Genetics","level":1,"score":0.13704940676689148},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149923435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37732","display_name":"Demography","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/s00453-016-0212-1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00453-016-0212-1","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007%2Fs00453-016-0212-1.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S89324355","display_name":"Algorithmica","issn_l":"0178-4617","issn":["0178-4617","1432-0541"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Algorithmica","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:eprints.whiterose.ac.uk:105250","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/105250/9/art%253A10.1007%252Fs00453-016-0212-1.pdf","pdf_url":"http://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/105250/9/art%253A10.1007%252Fs00453-016-0212-1.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400854","display_name":"White Rose Research Online (University of Leeds, The University of Sheffield, University of York)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2800616092","host_organization_name":"White Rose University Consortium","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800616092"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s00453-016-0212-1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00453-016-0212-1","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007%2Fs00453-016-0212-1.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S89324355","display_name":"Algorithmica","issn_l":"0178-4617","issn":["0178-4617","1432-0541"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Algorithmica","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.5600000023841858,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/15","display_name":"Life in Land"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3207356259","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2007\u20132013","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","funder_display_name":"European Commission"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G393177772","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"FP7 2007-2013","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","funder_display_name":"European Commission"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G405836512","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"618091","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334960","funder_display_name":"Seventh Framework Programme"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5194412262","display_name":"Speed of Adaptation in Population Genetics and Evolutionary Computation","funder_award_id":"618091","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","funder_display_name":"European Commission"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5702163051","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"FP7/2007","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","funder_display_name":"European Commission"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","display_name":"European Commission","ror":"https://ror.org/00k4n6c32"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334960","display_name":"Seventh Framework Programme","ror":"https://ror.org/00k4n6c32"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2521372821.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2521372821.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":40,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1510977876","https://openalex.org/W1593495653","https://openalex.org/W1605768620","https://openalex.org/W1645523878","https://openalex.org/W1661390417","https://openalex.org/W1781730958","https://openalex.org/W1843453084","https://openalex.org/W1914267757","https://openalex.org/W1930635754","https://openalex.org/W1964170829","https://openalex.org/W1970025632","https://openalex.org/W1972810918","https://openalex.org/W1981303977","https://openalex.org/W1981898306","https://openalex.org/W1982075253","https://openalex.org/W2005317641","https://openalex.org/W2011904305","https://openalex.org/W2035300004","https://openalex.org/W2043191653","https://openalex.org/W2048019332","https://openalex.org/W2050441104","https://openalex.org/W2080695884","https://openalex.org/W2082187727","https://openalex.org/W2087605480","https://openalex.org/W2097097696","https://openalex.org/W2100137329","https://openalex.org/W2100677865","https://openalex.org/W2122598143","https://openalex.org/W2146239736","https://openalex.org/W2152406412","https://openalex.org/W2153401898","https://openalex.org/W2274670117","https://openalex.org/W2499441210","https://openalex.org/W2499688774","https://openalex.org/W2581071829","https://openalex.org/W2774185825","https://openalex.org/W2897929222","https://openalex.org/W4234274482","https://openalex.org/W4238896315","https://openalex.org/W6959603429"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2403330319","https://openalex.org/W4241728482","https://openalex.org/W2096368961","https://openalex.org/W1634842376","https://openalex.org/W2652238734","https://openalex.org/W2949191837","https://openalex.org/W2131758048","https://openalex.org/W4297910419","https://openalex.org/W1594431409","https://openalex.org/W1995118269"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Evolutionary":[0],"algorithms":[1],"(EAs)":[2],"form":[3],"a":[4,22,42,73,98,152,166],"popular":[5],"optimisation":[6,143],"paradigm":[7],"inspired":[8],"by":[9,104,187],"natural":[10,46],"evolution.":[11,47],"In":[12,48,81],"recent":[13],"years":[14],"the":[15,28,49,57,68,79,84,111,114,121,127,156,170,184,193],"field":[16],"of":[17,30,45,61,89,106,119,190],"evolutionary":[18,55,154],"computation":[19],"has":[20],"developed":[21],"rigorous":[23],"analytical":[24],"theory":[25,40],"to":[26,41,76,151],"analyse":[27],"runtimes":[29],"EAs":[31],"on":[32,126,192],"many":[33],"illustrative":[34],"problems.":[35],"Here":[36],"we":[37],"apply":[38],"this":[39,82,133],"simple":[43],"model":[44],"Strong":[50],"Selection":[51],"Weak":[52],"Mutation":[53],"(SSWM)":[54],"regime":[56],"time":[58,69,144],"between":[59,110],"occurrences":[60],"new":[62],"mutations":[63],"is":[64],"much":[65],"longer":[66],"than":[67],"it":[70],"takes":[71],"for":[72,145],"mutated":[74,115,122],"genotype":[75,91,103,123],"take":[77],"over":[78,169],"population.":[80],"situation,":[83],"population":[85],"only":[86],"contains":[87],"copies":[88],"one":[90,102],"and":[92,108,113,148,177],"evolution":[93],"can":[94,164],"be":[95],"modelled":[96],"as":[97],"stochastic":[99],"process":[100],"evolving":[101],"means":[105],"mutation":[107],"selection":[109],"resident":[112],"genotype.":[116],"The":[117],"probability":[118],"accepting":[120],"then":[124],"depends":[125],"change":[128],"in":[129],"fitness.":[130],"We":[131,160],"study":[132,178],"process,":[134],"SSWM,":[135],"from":[136],"an":[137,179],"algorithmic":[138],"perspective,":[139],"quantifying":[140],"its":[141],"expected":[142],"various":[146],"parameters":[147],"investigating":[149],"differences":[150],"similar":[153],"algorithm,":[155],"well-known":[157],"(1+1)":[158,171,185],"EA.":[159],"show":[161],"that":[162],"SSWM":[163,182],"have":[165],"moderate":[167],"advantage":[168,189],"EA":[172,186],"at":[173],"crossing":[174],"fitness":[175,194],"valleys":[176],"example":[180],"where":[181],"outperforms":[183],"taking":[188],"information":[191],"gradient.":[195]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-08-14T07:06:38.338062","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
