{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2052364473","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s004220050411","title":"Orientation tuning curves: empirical description and estimation of parameters","display_name":"Orientation tuning curves: empirical description and estimation of parameters","publication_year":1998,"publication_date":"1998-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2052364473","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s004220050411","mag":"2052364473","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9518026"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s004220050411","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s004220050411","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S87357125","display_name":"Biological Cybernetics","issn_l":"0340-1200","issn":["0340-1200","1432-0770"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Biological Cybernetics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083375470","display_name":"Nicholas V. Swindale","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7106-5114"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I141945490","display_name":"University of British Columbia","ror":"https://ror.org/03rmrcq20","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141945490"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"N.V. Swindale","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Ophthalmology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada","Department of Ophthalmology, University of British Columbia, 2550 Willow St., Vancouver, British Columbia,V5Z 3N9, Canada , CA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Ophthalmology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141945490"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Ophthalmology, University of British Columbia, 2550 Willow St., Vancouver, British Columbia,V5Z 3N9, Canada , CA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141945490"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5083375470"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141945490"],"apc_list":{"value":2790,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":3590},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.0682,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":303,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.86694658,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"78","issue":"1","first_page":"45","last_page":"56"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10427","display_name":"Visual perception and processing mechanisms","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10427","display_name":"Visual perception and processing mechanisms","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10581","display_name":"Neural dynamics and brain function","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11447","display_name":"Blind Source Separation Techniques","score":0.982699990272522,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/orientation","display_name":"Orientation (vector space)","score":0.6561504602432251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.5748672485351562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gaussian-function","display_name":"Gaussian function","score":0.5501747727394104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/trigonometric-functions","display_name":"Trigonometric functions","score":0.5275611281394958},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/skewness","display_name":"Skewness","score":0.510576605796814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/curve-fitting","display_name":"Curve fitting","score":0.5072924494743347},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/function","display_name":"Function (biology)","score":0.5016751289367676},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fourier-transform","display_name":"Fourier transform","score":0.46323201060295105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gaussian","display_name":"Gaussian","score":0.4606838524341583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.33593544363975525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.3328235149383545},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-analysis","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","score":0.30642205476760864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geometry","display_name":"Geometry","score":0.21274414658546448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.08679196238517761}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C16345878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q107472979","display_name":"Orientation (vector space)","level":2,"score":0.6561504602432251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.5748672485351562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C7218915","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1054475","display_name":"Gaussian function","level":3,"score":0.5501747727394104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178009071","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q93344","display_name":"Trigonometric functions","level":2,"score":0.5275611281394958},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C122342681","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q330828","display_name":"Skewness","level":2,"score":0.510576605796814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184389593","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q603159","display_name":"Curve fitting","level":2,"score":0.5072924494743347},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14036430","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3736076","display_name":"Function (biology)","level":2,"score":0.5016751289367676},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C102519508","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6520159","display_name":"Fourier transform","level":2,"score":0.46323201060295105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163716315","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q901177","display_name":"Gaussian","level":2,"score":0.4606838524341583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.33593544363975525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.3328235149383545},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.30642205476760864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.21274414658546448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.08679196238517761},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78458016","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q840400","display_name":"Evolutionary biology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000818","descriptor_name":"Animals","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000818","descriptor_name":"Animals","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000818","descriptor_name":"Animals","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002415","descriptor_name":"Cats","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002415","descriptor_name":"Cats","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002415","descriptor_name":"Cats","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005583","descriptor_name":"Fourier Analysis","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005583","descriptor_name":"Fourier Analysis","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005583","descriptor_name":"Fourier Analysis","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008433","descriptor_name":"Mathematics","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008433","descriptor_name":"Mathematics","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008433","descriptor_name":"Mathematics","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008959","descriptor_name":"Models, Neurological","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008959","descriptor_name":"Models, Neurological","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008959","descriptor_name":"Models, Neurological","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D009010","descriptor_name":"Monte Carlo Method","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009010","descriptor_name":"Monte Carlo Method","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009010","descriptor_name":"Monte Carlo Method","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009474","descriptor_name":"Neurons","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009474","descriptor_name":"Neurons","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009474","descriptor_name":"Neurons","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009949","descriptor_name":"Orientation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D009949","descriptor_name":"Orientation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D009949","descriptor_name":"Orientation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014793","descriptor_name":"Visual Cortex","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014793","descriptor_name":"Visual Cortex","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014793","descriptor_name":"Visual Cortex","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015203","descriptor_name":"Reproducibility of Results","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015203","descriptor_name":"Reproducibility of Results","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015203","descriptor_name":"Reproducibility of Results","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016018","descriptor_name":"Least-Squares Analysis","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016018","descriptor_name":"Least-Squares Analysis","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016018","descriptor_name":"Least-Squares Analysis","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/s004220050411","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s004220050411","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S87357125","display_name":"Biological Cybernetics","issn_l":"0340-1200","issn":["0340-1200","1432-0770"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Biological Cybernetics","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:9518026","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9518026","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Biological cybernetics","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":24,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1534733293","https://openalex.org/W1671528879","https://openalex.org/W1837967720","https://openalex.org/W1987740398","https://openalex.org/W1991740150","https://openalex.org/W1994061633","https://openalex.org/W1996570636","https://openalex.org/W2006500012","https://openalex.org/W2007158207","https://openalex.org/W2021375928","https://openalex.org/W2034219019","https://openalex.org/W2047496335","https://openalex.org/W2051889696","https://openalex.org/W2058308837","https://openalex.org/W2067947301","https://openalex.org/W2073174926","https://openalex.org/W2103212315","https://openalex.org/W2131847008","https://openalex.org/W2138100172","https://openalex.org/W2151047202","https://openalex.org/W2240908316","https://openalex.org/W2412503042","https://openalex.org/W2796985193","https://openalex.org/W3004157836"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2189529952","https://openalex.org/W3122032734","https://openalex.org/W28389960","https://openalex.org/W3144675622","https://openalex.org/W3124374489","https://openalex.org/W1575594952","https://openalex.org/W3080076373","https://openalex.org/W2358102175","https://openalex.org/W2359341291","https://openalex.org/W4321609762"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":20},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":22},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":19},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":17}],"updated_date":"2026-05-06T08:25:59.206177","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}