{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2073211760","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s004220050340","title":"Study of human forearm posture maintenance with a physiologically based robotic arm and spinal level neural controller","display_name":"Study of human forearm posture maintenance with a physiologically based robotic arm and spinal level neural controller","publication_year":1997,"publication_date":"1997-05-13","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2073211760","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s004220050340","mag":"2073211760","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9195745"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s004220050340","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s004220050340","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S87357125","display_name":"Biological Cybernetics","issn_l":"0340-1200","issn":["0340-1200","1432-0770"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Biological Cybernetics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110142286","display_name":"Ching-Ping Chou","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201448701","display_name":"University of Washington","ror":"https://ror.org/00cvxb145","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210138199","display_name":"University of Washington Applied Physics Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/03d17d270","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201448701","https://openalex.org/I4210138199"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ching-Ping Chou","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195-2500, USA, , , , , , US","Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195-2500, USA., US"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195-2500, USA, , , , , , US","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201448701","https://openalex.org/I4210138199"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195-2500, USA., US","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074967911","display_name":"Blake Hannaford","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7370-4920"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201448701","display_name":"University of Washington","ror":"https://ror.org/00cvxb145","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210138199","display_name":"University of Washington Applied Physics Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/03d17d270","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201448701","https://openalex.org/I4210138199"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Blake Hannaford","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195-2500, USA, , , , , , US","Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195-2500, USA., US"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195-2500, USA, , , , , , US","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201448701","https://openalex.org/I4210138199"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195-2500, USA., US","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5110142286"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201448701","https://openalex.org/I4210138199"],"apc_list":{"value":2790,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":3590},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.9509,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":35,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.90095529,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"76","issue":"4","first_page":"285","last_page":"298"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10784","display_name":"Muscle activation and electromyography studies","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10784","display_name":"Muscle activation and electromyography studies","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11023","display_name":"Prosthetics and Rehabilitation Robotics","score":0.9965999722480774,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10982","display_name":"Motor Control and Adaptation","score":0.9961000084877014,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/elbow","display_name":"Elbow","score":0.5575768947601318},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-theory","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","score":0.5360558032989502},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robotic-arm","display_name":"Robotic arm","score":0.5117130279541016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.47579464316368103},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4527112543582916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neurophysiology","display_name":"Neurophysiology","score":0.43050435185432434},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/joint-stiffness","display_name":"Joint stiffness","score":0.4151882529258728},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/simulation","display_name":"Simulation","score":0.4119841158390045},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stiffness","display_name":"Stiffness","score":0.34475618600845337},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.34396812319755554},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.31107112765312195},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neuroscience","display_name":"Neuroscience","score":0.23703795671463013},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/anatomy","display_name":"Anatomy","score":0.1138298511505127},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.0847088098526001}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781184374","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42586","display_name":"Elbow","level":2,"score":0.5575768947601318},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47446073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165890","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","level":3,"score":0.5360558032989502},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150415221","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q40687","display_name":"Robotic arm","level":2,"score":0.5117130279541016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.47579464316368103},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4527112543582916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C152478114","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q660910","display_name":"Neurophysiology","level":2,"score":0.43050435185432434},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781415944","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q559210","display_name":"Joint stiffness","level":3,"score":0.4151882529258728},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44154836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45045","display_name":"Simulation","level":1,"score":0.4119841158390045},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779372316","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q569057","display_name":"Stiffness","level":2,"score":0.34475618600845337},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.34396812319755554},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.31107112765312195},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.23703795671463013},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105702510","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q514","display_name":"Anatomy","level":1,"score":0.1138298511505127},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.0847088098526001},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66938386","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q633538","display_name":"Structural engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000344","descriptor_name":"Afferent Pathways","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000344","descriptor_name":"Afferent Pathways","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000344","descriptor_name":"Afferent Pathways","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001696","descriptor_name":"Biomechanical Phenomena","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001696","descriptor_name":"Biomechanical Phenomena","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001696","descriptor_name":"Biomechanical Phenomena","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005542","descriptor_name":"Forearm","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005542","descriptor_name":"Forearm","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005542","descriptor_name":"Forearm","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011187","descriptor_name":"Posture","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D011187","descriptor_name":"Posture","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D011187","descriptor_name":"Posture","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012371","descriptor_name":"Robotics","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012371","descriptor_name":"Robotics","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012371","descriptor_name":"Robotics","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/s004220050340","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s004220050340","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S87357125","display_name":"Biological Cybernetics","issn_l":"0340-1200","issn":["0340-1200","1432-0770"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Biological Cybernetics","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:9195745","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9195745","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Biological cybernetics","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":24,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W128910766","https://openalex.org/W203959728","https://openalex.org/W1485482561","https://openalex.org/W1553462100","https://openalex.org/W1956255033","https://openalex.org/W1964125303","https://openalex.org/W1990378781","https://openalex.org/W2016054718","https://openalex.org/W2028556904","https://openalex.org/W2030825657","https://openalex.org/W2052485776","https://openalex.org/W2056655352","https://openalex.org/W2059148040","https://openalex.org/W2063772342","https://openalex.org/W2069669236","https://openalex.org/W2095008767","https://openalex.org/W2095685991","https://openalex.org/W2131912792","https://openalex.org/W2156378823","https://openalex.org/W2169400659","https://openalex.org/W2492064686","https://openalex.org/W2572633402","https://openalex.org/W3144147306","https://openalex.org/W4285719527"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W2386387936","https://openalex.org/W2544158729","https://openalex.org/W2909376268","https://openalex.org/W1965643493","https://openalex.org/W582047474","https://openalex.org/W2896337610","https://openalex.org/W2268742050","https://openalex.org/W2075233632","https://openalex.org/W1973579515"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
