{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2029517350","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s004220000211","title":"A connectionist central pattern generator for the aquatic and terrestrial gaits of a simulated salamander","display_name":"A connectionist central pattern generator for the aquatic and terrestrial gaits of a simulated salamander","publication_year":2001,"publication_date":"2001-04-12","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2029517350","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s004220000211","mag":"2029517350","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11357547"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s004220000211","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s004220000211","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S87357125","display_name":"Biological Cybernetics","issn_l":"0340-1200","issn":["0340-1200","1432-0770"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Biological Cybernetics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"http://infoscience.epfl.ch/record/58501","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069603317","display_name":"Auke Jan Ijspeert","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1417-9980"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1174212","display_name":"University of Southern California","ror":"https://ror.org/03taz7m60","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1174212"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Auke Jan Ijspeert","raw_affiliation_strings":["Brain Simulation Laboratory & Computational Learning and Motor Control Laboratory, Hedco Neuroscience Building, Watt Way 3641, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA. ijspeert@usc.edu","Brain Simulation Laboratory & Computational Learning and Motor Control Laboratory, Hedco Neuroscience Building, Watt Way 3641, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA, , US"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Brain Simulation Laboratory & Computational Learning and Motor Control Laboratory, Hedco Neuroscience Building, Watt Way 3641, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA. ijspeert@usc.edu","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1174212"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Brain Simulation Laboratory & Computational Learning and Motor Control Laboratory, Hedco Neuroscience Building, Watt Way 3641, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA, , US","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1174212"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5069603317"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1174212"],"apc_list":{"value":2790,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":3590},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":16.2028,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":355,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99389882,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"84","issue":"5","first_page":"331","last_page":"348"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10502","display_name":"Advanced Memory and Neural Computing","score":0.9901999831199646,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10502","display_name":"Advanced Memory and Neural Computing","score":0.9901999831199646,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10581","display_name":"Neural dynamics and brain function","score":0.986299991607666,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11685","display_name":"Zebrafish Biomedical Research Applications","score":0.9796000123023987,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1307","display_name":"Cell Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/central-pattern-generator","display_name":"Central pattern generator","score":0.9675697088241577},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/salamander","display_name":"Salamander","score":0.859285831451416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lamprey","display_name":"Lamprey","score":0.8388595581054688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neuroprosthetics","display_name":"Neuroprosthetics","score":0.5087257027626038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neuroscience","display_name":"Neuroscience","score":0.49452564120292664},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biological-neural-network","display_name":"Biological neural network","score":0.4911167323589325},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/controller","display_name":"Controller (irrigation)","score":0.4840354323387146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/digital-pattern-generator","display_name":"Digital pattern generator","score":0.48210883140563965},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/exoskeleton","display_name":"Exoskeleton","score":0.46993881464004517},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4694618284702301},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.4409516155719757},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-theory","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","score":0.3596963882446289},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biology","display_name":"Biology","score":0.2914564609527588},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.2710447609424591},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/simulation","display_name":"Simulation","score":0.2658739686012268},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.1712821125984192},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ecology","display_name":"Ecology","score":0.15542128682136536}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169453685","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1054066","display_name":"Central pattern generator","level":3,"score":0.9675697088241577},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779999439","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q53663","display_name":"Salamander","level":2,"score":0.859285831451416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780417240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q261485","display_name":"Lamprey","level":2,"score":0.8388595581054688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197525751","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1431093","display_name":"Neuroprosthetics","level":2,"score":0.5087257027626038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.49452564120292664},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118403218","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43283","display_name":"Biological neural network","level":2,"score":0.4911167323589325},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203479927","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165939","display_name":"Controller (irrigation)","level":2,"score":0.4840354323387146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151346624","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5276129","display_name":"Digital pattern generator","level":3,"score":0.48210883140563965},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146549078","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q191944","display_name":"Exoskeleton","level":2,"score":0.46993881464004517},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4694618284702301},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.4409516155719757},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47446073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165890","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","level":3,"score":0.3596963882446289},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.2914564609527588},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.2710447609424591},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44154836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45045","display_name":"Simulation","level":1,"score":0.2658739686012268},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.1712821125984192},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.15542128682136536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C505870484","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180538","display_name":"Fishery","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24890656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82811","display_name":"Acoustics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6557445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173113","display_name":"Agronomy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C135343436","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170406","display_name":"Rhythm","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165005293","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1074500","display_name":"Chip","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000818","descriptor_name":"Animals","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000818","descriptor_name":"Animals","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000818","descriptor_name":"Animals","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003198","descriptor_name":"Computer Simulation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003198","descriptor_name":"Computer Simulation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003198","descriptor_name":"Computer Simulation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008124","descriptor_name":"Locomotion","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008124","descriptor_name":"Locomotion","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008124","descriptor_name":"Locomotion","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008954","descriptor_name":"Models, Biological","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008954","descriptor_name":"Models, Biological","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008954","descriptor_name":"Models, Biological","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D009424","descriptor_name":"Nervous System Physiological Phenomena","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D009424","descriptor_name":"Nervous System Physiological Phenomena","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D009424","descriptor_name":"Nervous System Physiological Phenomena","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014562","descriptor_name":"Caudata","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014562","descriptor_name":"Urodela","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014562","descriptor_name":"Caudata","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/s004220000211","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s004220000211","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S87357125","display_name":"Biological Cybernetics","issn_l":"0340-1200","issn":["0340-1200","1432-0770"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Biological Cybernetics","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:11357547","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11357547","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Biological cybernetics","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.25.6461","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.25.6461","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www-bsl.usc.edu:8376/~ijspeert/PAPERS/BC.ps.gz","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.38.4969","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.38.4969","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://rana.usc.edu:8376/~ijspeert/PAPERS/BC.ps.gz","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:infoscience.epfl.ch:58501","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://infoscience.epfl.ch/record/58501","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400487","display_name":"Infoscience (Ecole Polytechnique F\u00e9d\u00e9rale de Lausanne)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:infoscience.epfl.ch:58501","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://infoscience.epfl.ch/record/58501","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400487","display_name":"Infoscience (Ecole Polytechnique F\u00e9d\u00e9rale de Lausanne)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/14","score":0.800000011920929,"display_name":"Life below water"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2254939629","https://openalex.org/W2021973929","https://openalex.org/W2539989937","https://openalex.org/W2996935748","https://openalex.org/W2056394399","https://openalex.org/W4248291365","https://openalex.org/W4234317749","https://openalex.org/W1990068838","https://openalex.org/W2145662515","https://openalex.org/W4318540769"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":21},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":19}],"updated_date":"2026-05-14T08:36:36.166977","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}