{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2091405003","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00422-012-0512-8","title":"Active inference and agency: optimal control without cost functions","display_name":"Active inference and agency: optimal control without cost functions","publication_year":2012,"publication_date":"2012-08-02","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2091405003","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00422-012-0512-8","mag":"2091405003","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22864468"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s00422-012-0512-8","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00422-012-0512-8","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00422-012-0512-8.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S87357125","display_name":"Biological Cybernetics","issn_l":"0340-1200","issn":["0340-1200","1432-0770"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Biological Cybernetics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00422-012-0512-8.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086852785","display_name":"Karl Friston","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7984-8909"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I45129253","display_name":"University College London","ror":"https://ror.org/02jx3x895","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I45129253"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165524941","display_name":"Wellcome Centre for Human Neuroimaging","ror":"https://ror.org/02704qw51","country_code":"GB","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I165524941","https://openalex.org/I45129253","https://openalex.org/I87048295"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Karl Friston","raw_affiliation_strings":["The Wellcome Trust Centre for Neuroimaging, UCL, Institute of Neurology, 12 Queen Square, London WC1N 3BG, UK. k.friston@ucl.ac.uk","The Wellcome Trust Centre for Neuroimaging, UCL, Institute of Neurology, London, UK WC1N 3BG#TAB#"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Wellcome Trust Centre for Neuroimaging, UCL, Institute of Neurology, 12 Queen Square, London WC1N 3BG, UK. k.friston@ucl.ac.uk","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165524941","https://openalex.org/I45129253"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Wellcome Trust Centre for Neuroimaging, UCL, Institute of Neurology, London, UK WC1N 3BG#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165524941","https://openalex.org/I45129253"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033216620","display_name":"Spyridon Samothrakis","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1902-9690"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I110002522","display_name":"University of Essex","ror":"https://ror.org/02nkf1q06","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I110002522"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Spyridon Samothrakis","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Electronic Engineering, University of Essex, Colchester, CO4 3SQ, UK","School of Computer Science & Electronic Engineering, University of Essex, Colchester, UK CO4 3SQ#TAB#"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Electronic Engineering, University of Essex, Colchester, CO4 3SQ, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I110002522"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science & Electronic Engineering, University of Essex, Colchester, UK CO4 3SQ#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I110002522"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018720973","display_name":"Read Montague","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I5716644","display_name":"Carilion Clinic","ror":"https://ror.org/02rsjh069","country_code":"US","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I5716644"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I859038795","display_name":"Virginia Tech","ror":"https://ror.org/02smfhw86","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I859038795"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Read Montague","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Physics, Virginia Tech Carilion Research Institute, Virginia Tech, 2 Riverside Circle, Roanoke, VA, 24016, USA","Department of Physics, Virginia Tech Carilion Research Institute, Virginia Tech, Roanoke, USA 24016#TAB#"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Physics, Virginia Tech Carilion Research Institute, Virginia Tech, 2 Riverside Circle, Roanoke, VA, 24016, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I5716644","https://openalex.org/I859038795"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Physics, Virginia Tech Carilion Research Institute, Virginia Tech, Roanoke, USA 24016#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I859038795"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5086852785"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165524941","https://openalex.org/I45129253"],"apc_list":{"value":2790,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":3590},"apc_paid":{"value":2790,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":3590},"fwci":3.6188,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":248,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9338753,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"106","issue":"8-9","first_page":"523","last_page":"541"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11883","display_name":"Embodied and Extended Cognition","score":0.9919999837875366,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11883","display_name":"Embodied and Extended Cognition","score":0.9919999837875366,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10581","display_name":"Neural dynamics and brain function","score":0.991599977016449,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10778","display_name":"Philosophy and History of Science","score":0.9858999848365784,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1207","display_name":"History and Philosophy of Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inference","display_name":"Inference","score":0.834661602973938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/partially-observable-markov-decision-process","display_name":"Partially observable Markov decision process","score":0.6347750425338745},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/representation","display_name":"Representation (politics)","score":0.5889990329742432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/generative-model","display_name":"Generative model","score":0.5744842886924744},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bayesian-inference","display_name":"Bayesian inference","score":0.5573787689208984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/free-energy-principle","display_name":"Free energy principle","score":0.5449718832969666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/agency","display_name":"Agency (philosophy)","score":0.5167986154556274},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5097026824951172},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optimal-control","display_name":"Optimal control","score":0.5032078623771667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/action","display_name":"Action (physics)","score":0.45607900619506836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.45124101638793945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hidden-markov-model","display_name":"Hidden Markov model","score":0.44571471214294434},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/state","display_name":"State (computer science)","score":0.43828949332237244},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/markov-decision-process","display_name":"Markov decision process","score":0.426118940114975},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bayesian-probability","display_name":"Bayesian probability","score":0.41525936126708984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.41296520829200745},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-optimization","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","score":0.3777063190937042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/generative-grammar","display_name":"Generative grammar","score":0.3468143343925476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.32706940174102783},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/markov-model","display_name":"Markov model","score":0.2963389754295349},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/markov-process","display_name":"Markov process","score":0.2921442687511444},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/markov-chain","display_name":"Markov chain","score":0.2777581810951233},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.21275806427001953},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/law","display_name":"Law","score":0.10700365900993347},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.09908190369606018}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776214188","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q408386","display_name":"Inference","level":2,"score":0.834661602973938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17098449","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176814","display_name":"Partially observable Markov decision process","level":4,"score":0.6347750425338745},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776359362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2145286","display_name":"Representation (politics)","level":3,"score":0.5889990329742432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C167966045","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5532625","display_name":"Generative model","level":3,"score":0.5744842886924744},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160234255","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q812535","display_name":"Bayesian inference","level":3,"score":0.5573787689208984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33553690","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17014702","display_name":"Free energy principle","level":2,"score":0.5449718832969666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108170787","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3951828","display_name":"Agency (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.5167986154556274},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5097026824951172},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C91575142","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1971426","display_name":"Optimal control","level":2,"score":0.5032078623771667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780791683","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q846785","display_name":"Action (physics)","level":2,"score":0.45607900619506836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.45124101638793945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23224414","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176769","display_name":"Hidden Markov model","level":2,"score":0.44571471214294434},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48103436","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q599031","display_name":"State (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.43828949332237244},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106189395","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176789","display_name":"Markov decision process","level":3,"score":0.426118940114975},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107673813","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q812534","display_name":"Bayesian probability","level":2,"score":0.41525936126708984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.41296520829200745},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.3777063190937042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39890363","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36108","display_name":"Generative grammar","level":2,"score":0.3468143343925476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.32706940174102783},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163836022","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6771326","display_name":"Markov model","level":3,"score":0.2963389754295349},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159886148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176645","display_name":"Markov process","level":2,"score":0.2921442687511444},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98763669","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176645","display_name":"Markov chain","level":2,"score":0.2777581810951233},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.21275806427001953},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.10700365900993347},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.09908190369606018},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001499","descriptor_name":"Bayes Theorem","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001499","descriptor_name":"Bayes Theorem","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001499","descriptor_name":"Bayes Theorem","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003657","descriptor_name":"Decision Making","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003657","descriptor_name":"Decision Making","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003657","descriptor_name":"Decision Making","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008390","descriptor_name":"Markov Chains","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008390","descriptor_name":"Markov Chains","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008390","descriptor_name":"Markov Chains","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008959","descriptor_name":"Models, Neurological","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008959","descriptor_name":"Models, Neurological","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008959","descriptor_name":"Models, Neurological","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/s00422-012-0512-8","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00422-012-0512-8","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00422-012-0512-8.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S87357125","display_name":"Biological Cybernetics","issn_l":"0340-1200","issn":["0340-1200","1432-0770"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Biological Cybernetics","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:22864468","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22864468","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Biological cybernetics","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:eprints.ucl.ac.uk.OAI2:1370429","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1370429/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400024","display_name":"UCL Discovery (University College London)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I45129253","host_organization_name":"University College London","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I45129253"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"   BIOLOGICAL CYBERNETICS , 106  (8-9)   pp. 523-541.   (2012)      ","raw_type":"Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/78836","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10919/78836","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400248","display_name":"VTechWorks (Virginia Tech)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I859038795","host_organization_name":"Virginia Tech","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I859038795"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Article - Refereed"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s00422-012-0512-8","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00422-012-0512-8","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00422-012-0512-8.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S87357125","display_name":"Biological Cybernetics","issn_l":"0340-1200","issn":["0340-1200","1432-0770"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Biological Cybernetics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","score":0.6899999976158142,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2091405003.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":83,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W160989634","https://openalex.org/W609092168","https://openalex.org/W1495732641","https://openalex.org/W1497039698","https://openalex.org/W1557517019","https://openalex.org/W1590986876","https://openalex.org/W1607896360","https://openalex.org/W1746680969","https://openalex.org/W1814308503","https://openalex.org/W1925816294","https://openalex.org/W1971715144","https://openalex.org/W1971758547","https://openalex.org/W1973243121","https://openalex.org/W1974246960","https://openalex.org/W1977628053","https://openalex.org/W1979732124","https://openalex.org/W1991495714","https://openalex.org/W1998651249","https://openalex.org/W2005866069","https://openalex.org/W2020783158","https://openalex.org/W2026659355","https://openalex.org/W2026799324","https://openalex.org/W2028145673","https://openalex.org/W2029321550","https://openalex.org/W2037917209","https://openalex.org/W2040598998","https://openalex.org/W2043849093","https://openalex.org/W2043962331","https://openalex.org/W2045833919","https://openalex.org/W2047229728","https://openalex.org/W2056653303","https://openalex.org/W2061097716","https://openalex.org/W2070813962","https://openalex.org/W2078443730","https://openalex.org/W2078594241","https://openalex.org/W2080039641","https://openalex.org/W2089029564","https://openalex.org/W2096016260","https://openalex.org/W2096375888","https://openalex.org/W2096962395","https://openalex.org/W2101448098","https://openalex.org/W2105714874","https://openalex.org/W2107662876","https://openalex.org/W2109925931","https://openalex.org/W2111467524","https://openalex.org/W2111947800","https://openalex.org/W2114307208","https://openalex.org/W2115979064","https://openalex.org/W2119717200","https://openalex.org/W2119885245","https://openalex.org/W2123157758","https://openalex.org/W2124526257","https://openalex.org/W2130195834","https://openalex.org/W2135100787","https://openalex.org/W2136634080","https://openalex.org/W2137411342","https://openalex.org/W2137808289","https://openalex.org/W2138623500","https://openalex.org/W2140173765","https://openalex.org/W2143072483","https://openalex.org/W2145060720","https://openalex.org/W2147008239","https://openalex.org/W2148067905","https://openalex.org/W2148764920","https://openalex.org/W2149565728","https://openalex.org/W2149960632","https://openalex.org/W2152742892","https://openalex.org/W2153960487","https://openalex.org/W2155772159","https://openalex.org/W2158282517","https://openalex.org/W2159080219","https://openalex.org/W2165730296","https://openalex.org/W2168359464","https://openalex.org/W2171084228","https://openalex.org/W2172273932","https://openalex.org/W2268119109","https://openalex.org/W2317030384","https://openalex.org/W2321292752","https://openalex.org/W2325147017","https://openalex.org/W2485373351","https://openalex.org/W2567948266","https://openalex.org/W4243509751","https://openalex.org/W4251227784"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2096013579","https://openalex.org/W52153049","https://openalex.org/W1760611253","https://openalex.org/W1515117609","https://openalex.org/W1589140671","https://openalex.org/W4323315247","https://openalex.org/W2294884454","https://openalex.org/W3169161914","https://openalex.org/W4321379664","https://openalex.org/W2211790881"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0,127],"paper":[1],"describes":[2],"a":[3,41,53,80,114,123,130],"variational":[4],"free-energy":[5],"formulation":[6],"of":[7,49,87,125],"(partially":[8],"observable)":[9],"Markov":[10],"decision":[11,14],"problems":[12],"in":[13,105],"making":[15],"under":[16,52],"uncertainty.":[17],"We":[18,92],"show":[19],"that":[20,97,117],"optimal":[21,77,95],"control":[22,78,112,140],"can":[23],"be":[24],"cast":[25],"as":[26,113],"active":[27,30],"inference.":[28],"In":[29,56],"inference,":[31],"both":[32],"action":[33],"and":[34,71,135,144],"posterior":[35,100],"beliefs":[36,67,101],"about":[37,68,102],"hidden":[38,103,115,139],"states":[39,104],"minimise":[40],"free":[42],"energy":[43],"bound":[44],"on":[45,99,138],"the":[46,85,106,119],"negative":[47],"log-likelihood":[48],"observed":[50],"states,":[51],"generative":[54,120],"model.":[55],"this":[57,75,109],"setting,":[58],"reward":[59],"or":[60],"cost":[61],"functions":[62],"are":[63],"absorbed":[64],"into":[65,79],"prior":[66],"state":[69,116],"transitions":[70],"terminal":[72],"states.":[73],"Effectively,":[74],"converts":[76],"pure":[81],"inference":[82,137],"problem,":[83],"enabling":[84],"application":[86],"standard":[88],"Bayesian":[89],"filtering":[90],"techniques.":[91],"then":[93],"consider":[94],"trajectories":[96],"rest":[98],"future.":[107],"Crucially,":[108],"entails":[110],"modelling":[111],"endows":[118],"model":[121],"with":[122,134],"representation":[124],"agency.":[126],"leads":[128],"to":[129],"distinction":[131],"between":[132],"models":[133],"without":[136],"states;":[141],"namely,":[142],"agency-free":[143],"agency-based":[145],"models,":[146],"respectively.":[147]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":22},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":25},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":44},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":34},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":26},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-05-15T08:27:34.491423","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}