{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7165476458","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00371-026-04545-4","title":"Enhancing small object detection: a transformer-based middleware approach","display_name":"Enhancing small object detection: a transformer-based middleware approach","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-06-21","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7165476458","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00371-026-04545-4"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s00371-026-04545-4","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00371-026-04545-4","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S73060445","display_name":"The Visual Computer","issn_l":"0178-2789","issn":["0178-2789","1432-2315"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Visual Computer","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050892332","display_name":"Fei Gu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5647-5369"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fei Gu","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5139059659","display_name":"Zijun Wang","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zijun Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100613119","display_name":"Ziheng Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4496-1861"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ziheng Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5139060933","display_name":"Zeyang Zhang","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zeyang Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101314844","display_name":"Wu Jing","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0181-4095"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jing Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":2990,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2990},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.81987714,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"42","issue":"9","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14067","display_name":"Cloud Computing and Remote Desktop Technologies","score":0.053199999034404755,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14067","display_name":"Cloud Computing and Remote Desktop Technologies","score":0.053199999034404755,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13382","display_name":"Robotics and Automated Systems","score":0.046300001442432404,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10444","display_name":"Context-Aware Activity Recognition Systems","score":0.04490000009536743,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/middleware","display_name":"Middleware (distributed applications)","score":0.5575000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/object","display_name":"Object (grammar)","score":0.5200999975204468},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-graphics","display_name":"Computer graphics","score":0.5156000256538391},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/object-oriented-programming","display_name":"Object-oriented programming","score":0.31839999556541443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/graphics","display_name":"Graphics","score":0.2809000015258789}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7631999850273132},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169468491","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q146923","display_name":"Middleware (distributed applications)","level":2,"score":0.5575000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781238097","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175026","display_name":"Object (grammar)","level":2,"score":0.5200999975204468},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77660652","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q150971","display_name":"Computer graphics","level":2,"score":0.5156000256538391},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121684516","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7600677","display_name":"Computer graphics (images)","level":1,"score":0.4900999963283539},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73752529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79872","display_name":"Object-oriented programming","level":2,"score":0.31839999556541443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3050000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21442007","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1027879","display_name":"Graphics","level":2,"score":0.2809000015258789},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.26899999380111694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.2624000012874603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48914193","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1366152","display_name":"Object request broker","level":4,"score":0.25690001249313354}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/s00371-026-04545-4","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00371-026-04545-4","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S73060445","display_name":"The Visual Computer","issn_l":"0178-2789","issn":["0178-2789","1432-2315"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Visual Computer","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4614626970","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62302329","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":60,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1861492603","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2565639579","https://openalex.org/W2907492528","https://openalex.org/W2963351448","https://openalex.org/W2963857746","https://openalex.org/W2983446232","https://openalex.org/W2998237269","https://openalex.org/W2998249728","https://openalex.org/W3034278302","https://openalex.org/W3034307881","https://openalex.org/W3034552520","https://openalex.org/W3034971973","https://openalex.org/W3096609285","https://openalex.org/W3106728613","https://openalex.org/W3109225975","https://openalex.org/W3138516171","https://openalex.org/W3170841864","https://openalex.org/W3176940011","https://openalex.org/W3190492058","https://openalex.org/W3203326738","https://openalex.org/W3209002923","https://openalex.org/W3214466318","https://openalex.org/W4214669216","https://openalex.org/W4226379819","https://openalex.org/W4226495185","https://openalex.org/W4233467483","https://openalex.org/W4312281374","https://openalex.org/W4312349930","https://openalex.org/W4313291231","https://openalex.org/W4313506322","https://openalex.org/W4319879007","https://openalex.org/W4320002812","https://openalex.org/W4322628180","https://openalex.org/W4382239070","https://openalex.org/W4385257519","https://openalex.org/W4385731955","https://openalex.org/W4385756443","https://openalex.org/W4386065740","https://openalex.org/W4386076039","https://openalex.org/W4386113253","https://openalex.org/W4388485970","https://openalex.org/W4389169911","https://openalex.org/W4389665201","https://openalex.org/W4390871882","https://openalex.org/W4390873076","https://openalex.org/W4390873750","https://openalex.org/W4390873752","https://openalex.org/W4390873840","https://openalex.org/W4390874053","https://openalex.org/W4390874598","https://openalex.org/W4393273568","https://openalex.org/W4394607551","https://openalex.org/W4399618244","https://openalex.org/W4401109831","https://openalex.org/W4408476544","https://openalex.org/W4410974734","https://openalex.org/W4412141750","https://openalex.org/W7133238432","https://openalex.org/W7133246159"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-23T08:03:31.855105","created_date":"2026-06-22T00:00:00"}