{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4408138476","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00371-025-03843-7","title":"Layer-wise model merging for unsupervised domain adaptation in segmentation tasks","display_name":"Layer-wise model merging for unsupervised domain adaptation in segmentation tasks","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-03-03","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4408138476","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00371-025-03843-7"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s00371-025-03843-7","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00371-025-03843-7","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00371-025-03843-7.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S73060445","display_name":"The Visual Computer","issn_l":"0178-2789","issn":["0178-2789","1432-2315"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Visual Computer","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00371-025-03843-7.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068789533","display_name":"Roberto Alcover\u2010Couso","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9609-4416"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63634437","display_name":"Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Madrid","ror":"https://ror.org/01cby8j38","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63634437"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Roberto Alcover-Couso","raw_affiliation_strings":["Video Processing and Understanding Lab, Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Madrid (UAM), 28049, Madrid, Spain"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Video Processing and Understanding Lab, Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Madrid (UAM), 28049, Madrid, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63634437"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025958097","display_name":"Juan C. SanMiguel","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4999-2851"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63634437","display_name":"Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Madrid","ror":"https://ror.org/01cby8j38","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63634437"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Juan C. SanMiguel","raw_affiliation_strings":["Video Processing and Understanding Lab, Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Madrid (UAM), 28049, Madrid, Spain"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Video Processing and Understanding Lab, Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Madrid (UAM), 28049, Madrid, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63634437"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086848513","display_name":"Marcos Escudero-Vi\u00f1olo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9156-3428"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63634437","display_name":"Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Madrid","ror":"https://ror.org/01cby8j38","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63634437"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Marcos Escudero-Vi\u00f1olo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Video Processing and Understanding Lab, Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Madrid (UAM), 28049, Madrid, Spain"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Video Processing and Understanding Lab, Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Madrid (UAM), 28049, Madrid, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63634437"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100660480","display_name":"Jos\u00e9 M. Mart\u00ednez","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2236-1769"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63634437","display_name":"Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Madrid","ror":"https://ror.org/01cby8j38","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63634437"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jos\u00e9 M. Mart\u00ednez","raw_affiliation_strings":["Video Processing and Understanding Lab, Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Madrid (UAM), 28049, Madrid, Spain"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Video Processing and Understanding Lab, Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Madrid (UAM), 28049, Madrid, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63634437"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5068789533"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63634437"],"apc_list":{"value":2390,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":2990},"apc_paid":{"value":2390,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":2990},"fwci":8.6559,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97110256,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"41","issue":"10","first_page":"7867","last_page":"7882"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11307","display_name":"Domain Adaptation and Few-Shot Learning","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11307","display_name":"Domain Adaptation and Few-Shot Learning","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10036","display_name":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11714","display_name":"Multimodal Machine Learning Applications","score":0.9969000220298767,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7871788740158081},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5742439031600952},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/leverage","display_name":"Leverage (statistics)","score":0.5351335406303406},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.45275142788887024},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.44733911752700806},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/segmentation","display_name":"Segmentation","score":0.4471721947193146}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7871788740158081},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5742439031600952},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153083717","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6535263","display_name":"Leverage (statistics)","level":2,"score":0.5351335406303406},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.45275142788887024},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.44733911752700806},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89600930","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423946","display_name":"Segmentation","level":2,"score":0.4471721947193146}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/s00371-025-03843-7","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00371-025-03843-7","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00371-025-03843-7.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S73060445","display_name":"The Visual Computer","issn_l":"0178-2789","issn":["0178-2789","1432-2315"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Visual Computer","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:repositorio.uam.es:10486/718572","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10486/718572","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400963","display_name":"Biblos-e Archivo (Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Madrid)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I63634437","host_organization_name":"Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Madrid","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63634437"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s00371-025-03843-7","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00371-025-03843-7","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00371-025-03843-7.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S73060445","display_name":"The Visual Computer","issn_l":"0178-2789","issn":["0178-2789","1432-2315"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Visual Computer","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322755","display_name":"Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Madrid","ror":"https://ror.org/01cby8j38"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4408138476.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":71,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1680797894","https://openalex.org/W2031489346","https://openalex.org/W2073040595","https://openalex.org/W2083544878","https://openalex.org/W2086161653","https://openalex.org/W2340897893","https://openalex.org/W2412782625","https://openalex.org/W2431874326","https://openalex.org/W2487365028","https://openalex.org/W2748021867","https://openalex.org/W2781228439","https://openalex.org/W2963026768","https://openalex.org/W2963073217","https://openalex.org/W2963107255","https://openalex.org/W2963275094","https://openalex.org/W2963789515","https://openalex.org/W2964285681","https://openalex.org/W2981512393","https://openalex.org/W2984957018","https://openalex.org/W3035256099","https://openalex.org/W3044153702","https://openalex.org/W3108560336","https://openalex.org/W3108566666","https://openalex.org/W3109301572","https://openalex.org/W3120804725","https://openalex.org/W3121281282","https://openalex.org/W3170700905","https://openalex.org/W3172243934","https://openalex.org/W3172949220","https://openalex.org/W3174697615","https://openalex.org/W3175294391","https://openalex.org/W3175308890","https://openalex.org/W3179895326","https://openalex.org/W3181539986","https://openalex.org/W3197787375","https://openalex.org/W3198675127","https://openalex.org/W3208869563","https://openalex.org/W3217147624","https://openalex.org/W4233881873","https://openalex.org/W4312768455","https://openalex.org/W4312815172","https://openalex.org/W4318677156","https://openalex.org/W4319300881","https://openalex.org/W4321194933","https://openalex.org/W4323926730","https://openalex.org/W4362680434","https://openalex.org/W4385777750","https://openalex.org/W4386031728","https://openalex.org/W4386047746","https://openalex.org/W4386066676","https://openalex.org/W4386075745","https://openalex.org/W4386075777","https://openalex.org/W4388186252","https://openalex.org/W4388191728","https://openalex.org/W4390190346","https://openalex.org/W4390190386","https://openalex.org/W4390872590","https://openalex.org/W4390872987","https://openalex.org/W4391547487","https://openalex.org/W4394593077","https://openalex.org/W4401070841","https://openalex.org/W4402772505","https://openalex.org/W4402916202","https://openalex.org/W4408138476","https://openalex.org/W6600176753","https://openalex.org/W6600218635","https://openalex.org/W6600386477","https://openalex.org/W6600686112","https://openalex.org/W6601065604","https://openalex.org/W6606002120","https://openalex.org/W6818516708"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2961085424","https://openalex.org/W4306674287","https://openalex.org/W4387369504","https://openalex.org/W4394896187","https://openalex.org/W3170094116","https://openalex.org/W4386462264","https://openalex.org/W3107602296","https://openalex.org/W4364306694","https://openalex.org/W4312192474","https://openalex.org/W4283697347"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"Merging":[1],"parameters":[2],"of":[3,27,39,58,66,100,105,199],"multiple":[4],"models":[5,43,106,145,163,186],"has":[6],"resurfaced":[7],"as":[8],"an":[9,122],"effective":[10,103],"strategy":[11],"to":[12,44,49,62],"enhance":[13],"task":[14],"performance":[15],"and":[16,30,110,130,161,183,203],"robustness,":[17],"but":[18],"prior":[19],"work":[20],"is":[21],"limited":[22],"by":[23,189],"the":[24,37,64,67,73,214],"high":[25],"costs":[26,141],"ensemble":[28],"creation":[29],"inference.":[31],"In":[32],"this":[33],"paper,":[34],"we":[35,113],"leverage":[36],"abundance":[38],"freely":[40],"accessible":[41],"trained":[42],"introduce":[45],"a":[46,55,165,196],"cost-free":[47],"approach":[48,84],"model":[50,126],"merging.":[51],"It":[52],"focuses":[53],"on":[54],"layer-wise":[56],"integration":[57,99],"merged":[59],"models,":[60],"aiming":[61],"maintain":[63],"distinctiveness":[65],"task-specific":[68],"final":[69],"layers":[70],"while":[71],"unifying":[72],"initial":[74],"layers,":[75,90],"which":[76],"are":[77,193],"primarily":[78],"associated":[79],"with":[80,164],"feature":[81],"extraction.":[82],"This":[83],"ensures":[85],"parameter":[86],"consistency":[87],"across":[88,195],"all":[89],"essential":[91],"for":[92,125,128,142],"boosting":[93],"performance.":[94],"Moreover,":[95],"it":[96],"facilitates":[97],"seamless":[98],"knowledge,":[101],"enabling":[102],"merging":[104,143,181],"from":[107,146],"different":[108],"datasets":[109,148],"tasks.":[111],"Specifically,":[112],"investigate":[114],"its":[115],"applicability":[116],"in":[117,213],"unsupervised":[118],"domain":[119],"adaptation":[120],"(UDA),":[121],"unexplored":[123],"area":[124],"merging,":[127],"semantic":[129,182],"panoptic":[131,184],"segmentation.":[132],"Experimental":[133],"results":[134],"demonstrate":[135],"substantial":[136],"UDA":[137,200],"improvements":[138],"without":[139],"additional":[140],"same-architecture":[144],"distinct":[147],"(":[149,168],"$$\\uparrow":[150,169],"2.6\\%$$":[151],"<mml:math":[152,171],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\">":[153,172],"<mml:mrow>":[154,173],"<mml:mo>\u2191</mml:mo>":[155,174],"<mml:mn>2.6</mml:mn>":[156],"<mml:mo>%</mml:mo>":[157,176],"</mml:mrow>":[158,177],"</mml:math>":[159,178],"mIoU)":[160],"different-architecture":[162],"shared":[166],"backbone":[167],"6.8\\%$$":[170],"<mml:mn>6.8</mml:mn>":[175],"mIoU).":[179],"Furthermore,":[180],"segmentation":[185],"increases":[187],"mPQ":[188],"7%.":[190],"These":[191],"findings":[192],"validated":[194],"wide":[197],"variety":[198],"strategies,":[201],"architectures":[202],"datasets.":[204],"The":[205],"code":[206],"will":[207],"be":[208],"publicly":[209],"available":[210],"upon":[211],"acceptance":[212],"LWMM":[215],"repository:":[216],"http://www-vpu.eps.uam.es/LWMM/":[217],".":[218]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-06-13T06:13:01.061226","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}