{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4400336130","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00371-024-03552-7","title":"A deep dive into enhancing sharing of naturalistic driving data through face deidentification","display_name":"A deep dive into enhancing sharing of naturalistic driving data through face deidentification","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-07-04","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4400336130","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00371-024-03552-7"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s00371-024-03552-7","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00371-024-03552-7","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00371-024-03552-7.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S73060445","display_name":"The Visual Computer","issn_l":"0178-2789","issn":["0178-2789","1432-2315"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Visual Computer","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00371-024-03552-7.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020807509","display_name":"Surendrabikram Thapa","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4119-8239"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4387930269","display_name":"Virginia Tech Transportation Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/05953j253","country_code":null,"type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4387930269","https://openalex.org/I859038795"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I859038795","display_name":"Virginia Tech","ror":"https://ror.org/02smfhw86","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I859038795"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Surendrabikram Thapa","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, 24060, USA","Virginia Tech Transportation Institute, Blacksburg, VA, 24060, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, 24060, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I859038795"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Virginia Tech Transportation Institute, Blacksburg, VA, 24060, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4387930269","https://openalex.org/I859038795"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080208733","display_name":"Abhijit Sarkar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0525-5240"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4387930269","display_name":"Virginia Tech Transportation Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/05953j253","country_code":null,"type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4387930269","https://openalex.org/I859038795"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I859038795","display_name":"Virginia Tech","ror":"https://ror.org/02smfhw86","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I859038795"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Abhijit Sarkar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Virginia Tech Transportation Institute, Blacksburg, VA, 24060, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Virginia Tech Transportation Institute, Blacksburg, VA, 24060, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4387930269","https://openalex.org/I859038795"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5020807509"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4387930269","https://openalex.org/I859038795"],"apc_list":{"value":2990,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2990},"apc_paid":{"value":2990,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2990},"fwci":0.6571,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.6539931,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"41","issue":"4","first_page":"2563","last_page":"2594"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10775","display_name":"Generative Adversarial Networks and Image Synthesis","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10775","display_name":"Generative Adversarial Networks and Image Synthesis","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11448","display_name":"Face recognition and analysis","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12357","display_name":"Digital Media Forensic Detection","score":0.9912999868392944,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7897350788116455},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/metric","display_name":"Metric (unit)","score":0.4815273880958557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/face","display_name":"Face (sociological concept)","score":0.47681185603141785},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human\u2013computer-interaction","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","score":0.47525593638420105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fidelity","display_name":"Fidelity","score":0.47416701912879944},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/generalization","display_name":"Generalization","score":0.44609880447387695},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-science","display_name":"Data science","score":0.4388800859451294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quality","display_name":"Quality (philosophy)","score":0.4142070412635803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.380977988243103},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.3765143156051636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.32296663522720337}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7897350788116455},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C176217482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860554","display_name":"Metric (unit)","level":2,"score":0.4815273880958557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779304628","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3503480","display_name":"Face (sociological concept)","level":2,"score":0.47681185603141785},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.47525593638420105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776459999","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2119376","display_name":"Fidelity","level":2,"score":0.47416701912879944},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177148314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170084","display_name":"Generalization","level":2,"score":0.44609880447387695},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.4388800859451294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779530757","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1207505","display_name":"Quality (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.4142070412635803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.380977988243103},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3765143156051636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.32296663522720337},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36289849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34749","display_name":"Social science","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21547014","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423657","display_name":"Operations management","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/s00371-024-03552-7","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00371-024-03552-7","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00371-024-03552-7.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S73060445","display_name":"The Visual Computer","issn_l":"0178-2789","issn":["0178-2789","1432-2315"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Visual Computer","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/138922","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/10919/138922","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400248","display_name":"VTechWorks (Virginia Tech)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I859038795","host_organization_name":"Virginia Tech","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I859038795"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Article - Refereed"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s00371-024-03552-7","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00371-024-03552-7","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00371-024-03552-7.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S73060445","display_name":"The Visual Computer","issn_l":"0178-2789","issn":["0178-2789","1432-2315"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Visual Computer","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4400336130.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":76,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1631725499","https://openalex.org/W1659411517","https://openalex.org/W1919099765","https://openalex.org/W1981276685","https://openalex.org/W2020999375","https://openalex.org/W2024269180","https://openalex.org/W2030303761","https://openalex.org/W2030729543","https://openalex.org/W2041616772","https://openalex.org/W2055860749","https://openalex.org/W2074907730","https://openalex.org/W2091636366","https://openalex.org/W2103958416","https://openalex.org/W2119571471","https://openalex.org/W2124973791","https://openalex.org/W2130956545","https://openalex.org/W2149382413","https://openalex.org/W2158551678","https://openalex.org/W2159269332","https://openalex.org/W2197177211","https://openalex.org/W2301937176","https://openalex.org/W2314398369","https://openalex.org/W2331128040","https://openalex.org/W2561558289","https://openalex.org/W2622255369","https://openalex.org/W2765811365","https://openalex.org/W2774202024","https://openalex.org/W2793219767","https://openalex.org/W2798539888","https://openalex.org/W2810369529","https://openalex.org/W2913224508","https://openalex.org/W2914620083","https://openalex.org/W2919234133","https://openalex.org/W2963245972","https://openalex.org/W2963626105","https://openalex.org/W2963800363","https://openalex.org/W2964184826","https://openalex.org/W2968514490","https://openalex.org/W2973310602","https://openalex.org/W2984700035","https://openalex.org/W2995481985","https://openalex.org/W3009482323","https://openalex.org/W3016823011","https://openalex.org/W3019200173","https://openalex.org/W3028394171","https://openalex.org/W3035574324","https://openalex.org/W3092072898","https://openalex.org/W3092401175","https://openalex.org/W3092709185","https://openalex.org/W3094502228","https://openalex.org/W3096831136","https://openalex.org/W3119391778","https://openalex.org/W3119831052","https://openalex.org/W3122280911","https://openalex.org/W3124326066","https://openalex.org/W3125203668","https://openalex.org/W3125803510","https://openalex.org/W3128257465","https://openalex.org/W3135809943","https://openalex.org/W3176990204","https://openalex.org/W3197783777","https://openalex.org/W3207575344","https://openalex.org/W4200134064","https://openalex.org/W4289912920","https://openalex.org/W4312658318","https://openalex.org/W4312992915","https://openalex.org/W4315865725","https://openalex.org/W4367050045","https://openalex.org/W4385323400","https://openalex.org/W4385800759","https://openalex.org/W4385815610","https://openalex.org/W4386065949","https://openalex.org/W4386076108","https://openalex.org/W4393149723","https://openalex.org/W6600617704","https://openalex.org/W6835662551"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2381850946","https://openalex.org/W4380449851","https://openalex.org/W3125091513","https://openalex.org/W4318832338","https://openalex.org/W3162204513","https://openalex.org/W1919390113","https://openalex.org/W4248383205","https://openalex.org/W4234745530","https://openalex.org/W2146383839","https://openalex.org/W2075445622"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"Human":[1],"factors":[2,105,165],"research":[3],"in":[4,87,101,117,132,233,248],"transportation":[5],"relies":[6],"on":[7,18],"naturalistic":[8],"driving":[9,27],"studies":[10],"(NDS)":[11],"which":[12,48],"collect":[13],"real-world":[14],"data":[15,22,36,235],"from":[16],"drivers":[17],"actual":[19],"roads.":[20],"NDS":[21,144,249],"offer":[23],"valuable":[24,179,240],"insights":[25,180,241],"into":[26,181,242],"behavior,":[28],"styles,":[29],"habits,":[30],"and":[31,121,134,155,184,222,237],"safety-critical":[32],"events.":[33],"However,":[34],"these":[35,173],"often":[37],"contain":[38],"personally":[39],"identifiable":[40],"information":[41],"(PII),":[42],"such":[43],"as":[44,197],"driver":[45,78],"face":[46,69,79,98,112,244],"videos,":[47,70],"cannot":[49],"be":[50],"publicly":[51],"shared":[52],"due":[53],"to":[54,202],"privacy":[55],"concerns.":[56],"To":[57],"address":[58],"this,":[59],"our":[60],"paper":[61],"introduces":[62],"a":[63],"comprehensive":[64],"framework":[65],"for":[66,163,199,210,218,225],"deidentifying":[67],"drivers\u2019":[68],"that":[71,129],"can":[72],"facilitate":[73],"the":[74,94,147,182,187,192],"wide":[75],"sharing":[76],"of":[77,96,149,172,186,194],"videos":[80],"while":[81,107],"protecting":[82],"PII.":[83],"Leveraging":[84],"recent":[85],"advancements":[86],"generative":[88],"adversarial":[89],"networks":[90],"(GANs),":[91],"we":[92,168,206],"explore":[93],"efficacy":[95],"different":[97],"swapping":[99,113],"algorithms":[100,114],"preserving":[102],"essential":[103],"human":[104,164,176],"attributes":[106,161],"anonymizing":[108],"participants\u2019":[109],"identities.":[110],"Most":[111],"are":[115],"tested":[116,130],"restricted":[118],"lighting":[119],"conditions":[120],"indoor":[122],"settings,":[123],"there":[124],"is":[125],"no":[126],"known":[127],"study":[128],"them":[131],"adverse":[133],"natural":[135],"situations.":[136],"We":[137,190],"conducted":[138],"extensive":[139],"experiments":[140],"using":[141],"large-scale":[142],"outdoor":[143],"data,":[145],"evaluating":[146],"quantification":[148],"errors":[150],"associated":[151],"with":[152,159],"head,":[153],"mouth,":[154],"eye":[156],"movements,":[157],"along":[158],"other":[160],"important":[162],"research.":[166],"Additionally,":[167,205],"performed":[169],"qualitative":[170],"assessments":[171],"methods":[174],"through":[175],"evaluators":[177],"providing":[178],"quality":[183],"fidelity":[185],"deidentified":[188],"videos.":[189],"propose":[191],"utilization":[193],"synthetic":[195],"faces":[196,201],"substitutes":[198],"real":[200],"enhance":[203],"generalization.":[204],"created":[207],"practical":[208],"guidelines":[209],"video":[211,245],"deidentification,":[212],"emphasizing":[213],"error":[214],"threshold":[215],"creation,":[216],"spot-checking":[217],"abrupt":[219],"metric":[220],"changes,":[221],"mitigation":[223],"strategies":[224],"reidentification":[226],"risks.":[227],"Our":[228],"findings":[229],"underscore":[230],"nuanced":[231],"challenges":[232],"balancing":[234],"utility":[236],"privacy,":[238],"offering":[239],"enhancing":[243],"deidentification":[246],"techniques":[247],"scenarios.":[250]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-23T08:03:31.855105","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}