{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3177353899","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00371-021-02151-0","title":"Aspects of visual avatar appearance: self-representation, display type, and uncanny valley","display_name":"Aspects of visual avatar appearance: self-representation, display type, and uncanny valley","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-06-17","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3177353899","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00371-021-02151-0","mag":"3177353899","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34177022"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s00371-021-02151-0","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00371-021-02151-0","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00371-021-02151-0.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S73060445","display_name":"The Visual Computer","issn_l":"0178-2789","issn":["0178-2789","1432-2315"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Visual Computer","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00371-021-02151-0.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024956429","display_name":"Daniel Hepperle","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3556-5867"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I110079840","display_name":"University of Hohenheim","ror":"https://ror.org/00b1c9541","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I110079840"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I70886390","display_name":"Karlsruhe University of Applied Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/01c0m1t63","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I70886390"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Daniel Hepperle","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Business, Economics and Social Sciences, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany","Faculty of Computer Science and Business Information Systems, Karlsruhe University of Applied Sciences, Karlsruhe, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3556-5867","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Business, Economics and Social Sciences, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I110079840"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Computer Science and Business Information Systems, Karlsruhe University of Applied Sciences, Karlsruhe, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I70886390"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020492027","display_name":"Christian Felix Purps","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I70886390","display_name":"Karlsruhe University of Applied Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/01c0m1t63","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I70886390"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Christian Felix Purps","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Computer Science and Business Information Systems, Karlsruhe University of Applied Sciences, Karlsruhe, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Computer Science and Business Information Systems, Karlsruhe University of Applied Sciences, Karlsruhe, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I70886390"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015636165","display_name":"Jonas Deuchler","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8804-1752"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I70886390","display_name":"Karlsruhe University of Applied Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/01c0m1t63","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I70886390"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jonas Deuchler","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Computer Science and Business Information Systems, Karlsruhe University of Applied Sciences, Karlsruhe, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Computer Science and Business Information Systems, Karlsruhe University of Applied Sciences, Karlsruhe, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I70886390"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064051745","display_name":"Matthias W\u00f6lfel","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1601-5146"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I110079840","display_name":"University of Hohenheim","ror":"https://ror.org/00b1c9541","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I110079840"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I70886390","display_name":"Karlsruhe University of Applied Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/01c0m1t63","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I70886390"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Matthias W\u00f6lfel","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Business, Economics and Social Sciences, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany","Faculty of Computer Science and Business Information Systems, Karlsruhe University of Applied Sciences, Karlsruhe, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Business, Economics and Social Sciences, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I110079840"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Computer Science and Business Information Systems, Karlsruhe University of Applied Sciences, Karlsruhe, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I70886390"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5024956429"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I110079840","https://openalex.org/I70886390"],"apc_list":{"value":2390,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":2990},"apc_paid":{"value":2390,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":2990},"fwci":7.9322,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":88,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98215271,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"38","issue":"4","first_page":"1227","last_page":"1244"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10648","display_name":"Virtual Reality Applications and Impacts","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10648","display_name":"Virtual Reality Applications and Impacts","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11094","display_name":"Face Recognition and Perception","score":0.9902999997138977,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11431","display_name":"Action Observation and Synchronization","score":0.9872000217437744,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/avatar","display_name":"Avatar","score":0.8907264471054077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/uncanny-valley","display_name":"Uncanny valley","score":0.8014342784881592},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/representation","display_name":"Representation (politics)","score":0.7315995693206787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/virtual-reality","display_name":"Virtual reality","score":0.6623576879501343},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/modalities","display_name":"Modalities","score":0.5812698602676392},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/uncanny","display_name":"Uncanny","score":0.5775377154350281},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5563306212425232},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/context","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","score":0.5031735301017761},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human\u2013computer-interaction","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","score":0.47703903913497925},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-graphics","display_name":"Computer graphics","score":0.4690544903278351},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/metaverse","display_name":"Metaverse","score":0.45091137290000916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/graphics","display_name":"Graphics","score":0.41411909461021423},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.27794891595840454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-graphics","display_name":"Computer graphics (images)","score":0.25869765877723694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/aesthetics","display_name":"Aesthetics","score":0.17452111840248108},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sociology","display_name":"Sociology","score":0.14437603950500488},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/art","display_name":"Art","score":0.1166028082370758},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/politics","display_name":"Politics","score":0.10034191608428955}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777365542","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83090","display_name":"Avatar","level":2,"score":0.8907264471054077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2365568","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844664","display_name":"Uncanny valley","level":3,"score":0.8014342784881592},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776359362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2145286","display_name":"Representation (politics)","level":3,"score":0.7315995693206787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194969405","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170519","display_name":"Virtual reality","level":2,"score":0.6623576879501343},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779903281","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6888026","display_name":"Modalities","level":2,"score":0.5812698602676392},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780362631","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q633852","display_name":"Uncanny","level":2,"score":0.5775377154350281},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5563306212425232},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.5031735301017761},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.47703903913497925},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77660652","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q150971","display_name":"Computer graphics","level":2,"score":0.4690544903278351},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C53332860","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2632041","display_name":"Metaverse","level":3,"score":0.45091137290000916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21442007","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1027879","display_name":"Graphics","level":2,"score":0.41411909461021423},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.27794891595840454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121684516","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7600677","display_name":"Computer graphics (images)","level":1,"score":0.25869765877723694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107038049","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q35986","display_name":"Aesthetics","level":1,"score":0.17452111840248108},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.14437603950500488},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142362112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q735","display_name":"Art","level":0,"score":0.1166028082370758},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.10034191608428955},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36289849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34749","display_name":"Social science","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90509273","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11012","display_name":"Robot","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/s00371-021-02151-0","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00371-021-02151-0","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00371-021-02151-0.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S73060445","display_name":"The Visual Computer","issn_l":"0178-2789","issn":["0178-2789","1432-2315"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Visual Computer","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:34177022","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34177022","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Visual computer","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:8211459","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/8211459","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Vis Comput","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s00371-021-02151-0","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00371-021-02151-0","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00371-021-02151-0.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S73060445","display_name":"The Visual Computer","issn_l":"0178-2789","issn":["0178-2789","1432-2315"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Visual Computer","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","score":0.7099999785423279,"display_name":"Reduced inequalities"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320309895","display_name":"Carl-Zeiss-Stiftung","ror":"https://ror.org/03ng4kg22"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3177353899.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3177353899.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":44,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W76346449","https://openalex.org/W128062284","https://openalex.org/W143304755","https://openalex.org/W1544008508","https://openalex.org/W1600099874","https://openalex.org/W1741471588","https://openalex.org/W1766531844","https://openalex.org/W1967762543","https://openalex.org/W1995474267","https://openalex.org/W2018916919","https://openalex.org/W2019924558","https://openalex.org/W2020524408","https://openalex.org/W2056254479","https://openalex.org/W2084235337","https://openalex.org/W2100493124","https://openalex.org/W2108892445","https://openalex.org/W2125059071","https://openalex.org/W2129162329","https://openalex.org/W2154868891","https://openalex.org/W2160144355","https://openalex.org/W2160604906","https://openalex.org/W2168759754","https://openalex.org/W2295349596","https://openalex.org/W2491250760","https://openalex.org/W2517131748","https://openalex.org/W2521476931","https://openalex.org/W2534709615","https://openalex.org/W2549023150","https://openalex.org/W2561270043","https://openalex.org/W2604254726","https://openalex.org/W2611455491","https://openalex.org/W2758220497","https://openalex.org/W2775125816","https://openalex.org/W2908520132","https://openalex.org/W2951052310","https://openalex.org/W2955621562","https://openalex.org/W2991511576","https://openalex.org/W3021280188","https://openalex.org/W3031722511","https://openalex.org/W3035291735","https://openalex.org/W3094385582","https://openalex.org/W3095893385","https://openalex.org/W3110859496","https://openalex.org/W4253285916"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2933044734","https://openalex.org/W4281662534","https://openalex.org/W2094482505","https://openalex.org/W2133090352","https://openalex.org/W4225517139","https://openalex.org/W3123777567","https://openalex.org/W4243889981","https://openalex.org/W4223413453","https://openalex.org/W2587578221","https://openalex.org/W2407881805"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,23],"visual":[1,24],"representation":[2,25,150],"of":[3,26,50,112,121,151],"human-like":[4],"entities":[5],"in":[6,99,119,148,175],"virtual":[7,16,101,115],"worlds":[8],"is":[9,130,156,172],"becoming":[10],"a":[11,27,31,48,131,135,158],"very":[12],"important":[13],"aspect":[14],"as":[15,40,42,65],"reality":[17,102,116],"becomes":[18],"more":[19,21,182],"and":[20,34,55,77,109,125,127],"\"social\".":[22],"character's":[28],"resemblance":[29,133,160],"to":[30,38,74,79,134,154,179],"real":[32],"person":[33],"the":[35,43,70,143,168],"emotional":[36],"response":[37],"it,":[39],"well":[41],"expectations":[44],"raised,":[45],"have":[46,56,91],"been":[47,57],"topic":[49],"discussion":[51],"for":[52,93],"several":[53],"decades":[54],"debated":[58],"by":[59],"scientists":[60],"from":[61],"different":[62],"disciplines.":[63],"But":[64],"with":[66],"any":[67],"new":[68,80],"technology,":[69],"findings":[71],"may":[72,90],"need":[73],"be":[75,97,140],"reevaluated":[76],"adapted":[78],"modalities.":[81],"In":[82],"this":[83],"context,":[84],"we":[85,105,165],"make":[86],"two":[87],"contributions":[88],"which":[89],"implications":[92],"how":[94,107],"avatars":[95],"should":[96],"represented":[98],"social":[100,114],"applications.":[103],"First,":[104],"determine":[106],"default":[108],"customized":[110],"characters":[111],"current":[113],"platforms":[117,145],"appear":[118],"terms":[120],"human":[122],"likeness,":[123],"eeriness,":[124],"likability,":[126],"whether":[128],"there":[129],"clear":[132,159],"given":[136],"person.":[137],"It":[138],"can":[139],"concluded":[141],"that":[142,157,167],"investigated":[144],"vary":[146],"strongly":[147],"their":[149],"avatars.":[152],"Common":[153],"all":[155],"does":[161],"not":[162],"exist.":[163],"Second,":[164],"show":[166],"uncanny":[169],"valley":[170],"effect":[171],"also":[173],"present":[174],"head-mounted":[176],"displays,":[177],"but-compared":[178],"2D":[180],"monitors-even":[181],"pronounced.":[183]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":20},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":22},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":21},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-01-13T01:12:25.745995","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
