{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3161543411","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00371-021-02150-1","title":"A multivariate intersection over union of SiamRPN network for visual tracking","display_name":"A multivariate intersection over union of SiamRPN network for visual tracking","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-05-13","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3161543411","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00371-021-02150-1","mag":"3161543411"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s00371-021-02150-1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00371-021-02150-1","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00371-021-02150-1.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S73060445","display_name":"The Visual Computer","issn_l":"0178-2789","issn":["0178-2789","1432-2315"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Visual Computer","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00371-021-02150-1.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101602182","display_name":"Zhihui Huang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4971-3733"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210122543","display_name":"Guangdong Polytechnic Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/02pcb5m77","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210122543"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhihui Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science, Guangdong Polytechnic Normal University, Guangzhou, 510665, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science, Guangdong Polytechnic Normal University, Guangzhou, 510665, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210122543"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075054710","display_name":"Huimin Zhao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6877-2002"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210122543","display_name":"Guangdong Polytechnic Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/02pcb5m77","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210122543"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Huimin Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science, Guangdong Polytechnic Normal University, Guangzhou, 510665, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science, Guangdong Polytechnic Normal University, Guangzhou, 510665, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210122543"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101476627","display_name":"Jin Zhan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7070-7031"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210122543","display_name":"Guangdong Polytechnic Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/02pcb5m77","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210122543"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jin Zhan","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science, Guangdong Polytechnic Normal University, Guangzhou, 510665, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7070-7031","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science, Guangdong Polytechnic Normal University, Guangzhou, 510665, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210122543"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101859990","display_name":"Huakang Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1284-1993"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210122543","display_name":"Guangdong Polytechnic Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/02pcb5m77","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210122543"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Huakang Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science, Guangdong Polytechnic Normal University, Guangzhou, 510665, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science, Guangdong Polytechnic Normal University, Guangzhou, 510665, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210122543"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5101476627"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210122543"],"apc_list":{"value":2990,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2990},"apc_paid":{"value":2990,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2990},"fwci":1.175,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":17,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.77978042,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"38","issue":"8","first_page":"2739","last_page":"2750"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10331","display_name":"Video Surveillance and Tracking Methods","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10331","display_name":"Video Surveillance and Tracking Methods","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11019","display_name":"Image Enhancement Techniques","score":0.9911999702453613,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10812","display_name":"Human Pose and Action Recognition","score":0.991100013256073,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intersection","display_name":"Intersection (aeronautics)","score":0.729202389717102},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5485051274299622},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5408485531806946},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tracking","display_name":"Tracking (education)","score":0.5345109701156616},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/benchmark","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","score":0.5030552744865417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/minimum-bounding-box","display_name":"Minimum bounding box","score":0.48104098439216614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.4684569835662842},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/regression","display_name":"Regression","score":0.4453420042991638},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.3376690149307251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.2918412685394287},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.13088035583496094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.07928317785263062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.07734069228172302}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C64543145","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162942","display_name":"Intersection (aeronautics)","level":2,"score":0.729202389717102},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5485051274299622},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5408485531806946},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775936607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466845","display_name":"Tracking (education)","level":2,"score":0.5345109701156616},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185798385","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1161707","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","level":2,"score":0.5030552744865417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147037132","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6865426","display_name":"Minimum bounding box","level":3,"score":0.48104098439216614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.4684569835662842},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C83546350","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1139051","display_name":"Regression","level":2,"score":0.4453420042991638},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.3376690149307251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.2918412685394287},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.13088035583496094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.07928317785263062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.07734069228172302},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146978453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3798668","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19417346","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7922","display_name":"Pedagogy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13280743","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131089","display_name":"Geodesy","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/s00371-021-02150-1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00371-021-02150-1","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00371-021-02150-1.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S73060445","display_name":"The Visual Computer","issn_l":"0178-2789","issn":["0178-2789","1432-2315"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Visual Computer","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s00371-021-02150-1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00371-021-02150-1","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00371-021-02150-1.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S73060445","display_name":"The Visual Computer","issn_l":"0178-2789","issn":["0178-2789","1432-2315"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Visual Computer","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3930891986","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2019KSYS009","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4061514767","display_name":"\u89c6\u9891\u5927\u6570\u636e\u65f6\u7a7a\u534f\u540c\u5173\u8054\u53ca\u89c6\u89c9\u8ddf\u8e2a\u6a21\u578b\u7814\u7a76","funder_award_id":"61772144","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6048656541","display_name":"\u591a\u6a21\u6001\u56fe\u50cf\u611f\u77e5\u53ca\u5176\u7279\u5f81\u6570\u636e\u878d\u5408\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u5173\u952e\u6280\u672f\u7814\u7a76","funder_award_id":"62072122","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3161543411.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3161543411.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":35,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W639708223","https://openalex.org/W1497265063","https://openalex.org/W1577352482","https://openalex.org/W1807914171","https://openalex.org/W1857884451","https://openalex.org/W1960880753","https://openalex.org/W1981219153","https://openalex.org/W2085625911","https://openalex.org/W2091563134","https://openalex.org/W2118097920","https://openalex.org/W2124211486","https://openalex.org/W2158592639","https://openalex.org/W2167089254","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2219715551","https://openalex.org/W2408241409","https://openalex.org/W2470394683","https://openalex.org/W2504335775","https://openalex.org/W2771390659","https://openalex.org/W2787272945","https://openalex.org/W2799058067","https://openalex.org/W2886910176","https://openalex.org/W2941617643","https://openalex.org/W2954137266","https://openalex.org/W2962766617","https://openalex.org/W2963227409","https://openalex.org/W2963534981","https://openalex.org/W2964242925","https://openalex.org/W2964423614","https://openalex.org/W2986028972","https://openalex.org/W2997747012","https://openalex.org/W2998434318","https://openalex.org/W3035489232","https://openalex.org/W3091782770","https://openalex.org/W3098090606"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2378211422","https://openalex.org/W4321353415","https://openalex.org/W2130974462","https://openalex.org/W972276598","https://openalex.org/W2086519370","https://openalex.org/W4318751391","https://openalex.org/W2745033168","https://openalex.org/W4200140566","https://openalex.org/W3217591135","https://openalex.org/W4309485091"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"SiamPRN":[1,116],"algorithm":[2],"performs":[3],"well":[4],"in":[5,55,66],"visual":[6],"tracking,":[7],"but":[8],"it":[9,21],"is":[10],"easy":[11],"to":[12,35,102],"drift":[13],"under":[14],"occlusion":[15],"and":[16,76,90,141,163,174],"fast":[17,175],"motion":[18],"scenes":[19],"because":[20],"uses":[22],"$$\\ell":[23,124],"_1$$":[24,125],"<mml:math":[25,126],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\">":[26,127],"<mml:msub>":[27,128],"<mml:mi>\u2113</mml:mi>":[28,129],"<mml:mn>1</mml:mn>":[29,130],"</mml:msub>":[30,131],"</mml:math>":[31,132],"-smooth":[32,133],"loss":[33,54,61,101,150,158],"function":[34],"measure":[36],"the":[37,68,72,77,84,96,107,120,148,161,168],"regression":[38,155],"location":[39,154],"of":[40,87,98,110,123,170],"bounding":[41],"box.":[42,92,112],"In":[43],"this":[44],"paper,":[45],"we":[46,94,118],"propose":[47],"a":[48],"multivariate":[49],"intersection":[50],"over":[51],"union":[52],"(MIOU)":[53],"SiamRPN":[56],"tracking":[57,121],"framework.":[58],"Firstly,":[59],"MIOU":[60,142,149],"includes":[62],"three":[63],"geometric":[64],"factors":[65],"regression:":[67],"overlap":[69],"area":[70],"ratio,":[71,75,79],"center":[73],"distance":[74],"aspect":[78,99],"which":[80],"can":[81],"better":[82,152],"reflect":[83],"coincidence":[85],"degree":[86],"target":[88,153],"box":[89],"prediction":[91,111],"Secondly,":[93],"improve":[95,106],"definition":[97],"ratio":[100],"avoid":[103],"gradient":[104],"explosion,":[105],"optimization":[108],"performance":[109,122],"Finally,":[113],"based":[114],"on":[115,160],"tracker,":[117],"compared":[119],"loss,":[134,136,138,140],"IOU":[135],"GIOU":[137],"DIOU":[139],"loss.":[143],"Experimental":[144],"results":[145],"show":[146],"that":[147],"has":[151],"than":[156],"other":[157],"functions":[159],"OTB2015":[162],"VOT2016":[164],"benchmark,":[165],"especially":[166],"for":[167],"challenges":[169],"occlusion,":[171],"illumination":[172],"change":[173],"motion.":[176]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":6}],"updated_date":"2026-07-23T08:03:31.855105","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}