{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1585479342","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00371-007-0123-x","title":"The photon pipeline revisited","display_name":"The photon pipeline revisited","publication_year":2007,"publication_date":"2007-05-23","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1585479342","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00371-007-0123-x","mag":"1585479342"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s00371-007-0123-x","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00371-007-0123-x","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S73060445","display_name":"The Visual Computer","issn_l":"0178-2789","issn":["0178-2789","1432-2315"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Visual Computer","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109323338","display_name":"Shawn Singh","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I161318765","display_name":"University of California, Los Angeles","ror":"https://ror.org/046rm7j60","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I161318765"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shawn Singh","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer Science Department, University of California, Boelter Hall 4531-F, Los Angeles, 90095-1596, CA, USA","University of California, Computer Science Department, Boelter Hall 4531-F, 90095-1596, Los Angeles, CA, USA#TAB#"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Science Department, University of California, Boelter Hall 4531-F, Los Angeles, 90095-1596, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161318765"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of California, Computer Science Department, Boelter Hall 4531-F, 90095-1596, Los Angeles, CA, USA#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161318765"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017351117","display_name":"Petros Faloutsos","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4508-010X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I161318765","display_name":"University of California, Los Angeles","ror":"https://ror.org/046rm7j60","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I161318765"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Petros Faloutsos","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer Science Department, University of California, Boelter Hall 4531-F, Los Angeles, 90095-1596, CA, USA","University of California, Computer Science Department, Boelter Hall 4531-F, 90095-1596, Los Angeles, CA, USA#TAB#"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Science Department, University of California, Boelter Hall 4531-F, Los Angeles, 90095-1596, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161318765"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of California, Computer Science Department, Boelter Hall 4531-F, 90095-1596, Los Angeles, CA, USA#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161318765"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":2390,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":2990},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.5371,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.76385362,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"23","issue":"7","first_page":"479","last_page":"492"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10481","display_name":"Computer Graphics and Visualization Techniques","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1704","display_name":"Computer Graphics and Computer-Aided Design"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10481","display_name":"Computer Graphics and Visualization Techniques","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1704","display_name":"Computer Graphics and Computer-Aided Design"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10531","display_name":"Advanced Vision and Imaging","score":0.9976999759674072,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10522","display_name":"Medical Imaging Techniques and Applications","score":0.9957000017166138,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.842807412147522},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/global-illumination","display_name":"Global illumination","score":0.6945390105247498},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/graphics-hardware","display_name":"Graphics hardware","score":0.6363670229911804},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cache","display_name":"Cache","score":0.6324845552444458},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parallel-computing","display_name":"Parallel computing","score":0.6258732080459595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/thrashing","display_name":"Thrashing","score":0.6078795790672302},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rendering","display_name":"Rendering (computer graphics)","score":0.5945824980735779},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/throughput","display_name":"Throughput","score":0.48855552077293396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/graphics-pipeline","display_name":"Graphics pipeline","score":0.48633819818496704},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ray-tracing","display_name":"Ray tracing (physics)","score":0.47321265935897827},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pipeline","display_name":"Pipeline (software)","score":0.4660091996192932},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/overhead","display_name":"Overhead (engineering)","score":0.4416017532348633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/architecture","display_name":"Architecture","score":0.42206236720085144},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.3721691370010376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-graphics","display_name":"Computer graphics","score":0.36203038692474365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-engineering","display_name":"Computer engineering","score":0.3563331365585327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-graphics","display_name":"Computer graphics (images)","score":0.281024694442749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/3d-computer-graphics","display_name":"3D computer graphics","score":0.15954282879829407},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.11117345094680786}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.842807412147522},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89720835","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1531701","display_name":"Global illumination","level":3,"score":0.6945390105247498},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18945957","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5597193","display_name":"Graphics hardware","level":3,"score":0.6363670229911804},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115537543","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q165596","display_name":"Cache","level":2,"score":0.6324845552444458},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173608175","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232661","display_name":"Parallel computing","level":1,"score":0.6258732080459595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28362024","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2067413","display_name":"Thrashing","level":2,"score":0.6078795790672302},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205711294","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176953","display_name":"Rendering (computer graphics)","level":2,"score":0.5945824980735779},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157764524","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1383412","display_name":"Throughput","level":3,"score":0.48855552077293396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173552908","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1366289","display_name":"Graphics pipeline","level":4,"score":0.48633819818496704},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121483023","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7298343","display_name":"Ray tracing (physics)","level":2,"score":0.47321265935897827},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43521106","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2165493","display_name":"Pipeline (software)","level":2,"score":0.4660091996192932},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779960059","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7113681","display_name":"Overhead (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.4416017532348633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123657996","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12271","display_name":"Architecture","level":2,"score":0.42206236720085144},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.3721691370010376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77660652","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q150971","display_name":"Computer graphics","level":2,"score":0.36203038692474365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113775141","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q428691","display_name":"Computer engineering","level":1,"score":0.3563331365585327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121684516","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7600677","display_name":"Computer graphics (images)","level":1,"score":0.281024694442749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66629338","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189177","display_name":"3D computer graphics","level":3,"score":0.15954282879829407},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.11117345094680786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153349607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36649","display_name":"Visual arts","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142362112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q735","display_name":"Art","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/s00371-007-0123-x","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00371-007-0123-x","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S73060445","display_name":"The Visual Computer","issn_l":"0178-2789","issn":["0178-2789","1432-2315"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Visual Computer","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320307102","display_name":"Intel Corporation","ror":"https://ror.org/01ek73717"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320307764","display_name":"Microsoft","ror":"https://ror.org/00d0nc645"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":40,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W64913037","https://openalex.org/W88376161","https://openalex.org/W115840729","https://openalex.org/W190660021","https://openalex.org/W1479940187","https://openalex.org/W1495002650","https://openalex.org/W1535835519","https://openalex.org/W1540534077","https://openalex.org/W1557650277","https://openalex.org/W1558931212","https://openalex.org/W1564611446","https://openalex.org/W1584127841","https://openalex.org/W1842325331","https://openalex.org/W1967033786","https://openalex.org/W1974600473","https://openalex.org/W1980536927","https://openalex.org/W1983599709","https://openalex.org/W2000697206","https://openalex.org/W2011674708","https://openalex.org/W2016029615","https://openalex.org/W2039589153","https://openalex.org/W2050947749","https://openalex.org/W2071553886","https://openalex.org/W2089349283","https://openalex.org/W2100738800","https://openalex.org/W2100978696","https://openalex.org/W2104814486","https://openalex.org/W2108792719","https://openalex.org/W2118103965","https://openalex.org/W2125313965","https://openalex.org/W2129905273","https://openalex.org/W2130776059","https://openalex.org/W2154449573","https://openalex.org/W2528019291","https://openalex.org/W2533648402","https://openalex.org/W2535927452","https://openalex.org/W2760911295","https://openalex.org/W2912424718","https://openalex.org/W4240981432","https://openalex.org/W4299608135"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W60029494","https://openalex.org/W4232510094","https://openalex.org/W151283179","https://openalex.org/W82742382","https://openalex.org/W1515610191","https://openalex.org/W4241730892","https://openalex.org/W2188070462","https://openalex.org/W2100978696","https://openalex.org/W2061921958","https://openalex.org/W1585479342"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}