{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4412925044","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00357-025-09517-2","title":"A Novel Loss Based on Stepwise Gradient Penalty for Multi-Class Imbalanced Data Classification","display_name":"A Novel Loss Based on Stepwise Gradient Penalty for Multi-Class Imbalanced Data Classification","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-07-25","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4412925044","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00357-025-09517-2"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s00357-025-09517-2","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00357-025-09517-2","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S73028643","display_name":"Journal of Classification","issn_l":"0176-4268","issn":["0176-4268","1432-1343"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Classification","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073567945","display_name":"Bimo Ren","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3299-6434"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Bimo Ren","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100984202","display_name":"Jingyi Feng","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jingyi Feng","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101655149","display_name":"Linyong Zhou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7325-1770"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Linyong Zhou","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7325-1770","affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5073567945"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":2390,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":2990},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0939998,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"43","issue":"1","first_page":"20","last_page":"40"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11652","display_name":"Imbalanced Data Classification Techniques","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11652","display_name":"Imbalanced Data Classification Techniques","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11512","display_name":"Anomaly Detection Techniques and Applications","score":0.9926999807357788,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13429","display_name":"Electricity Theft Detection Techniques","score":0.9925000071525574,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/class","display_name":"Class (philosophy)","score":0.6584073901176453},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.524541437625885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.5172305703163147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.5031761527061462},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.42545533180236816},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.38648346066474915}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777212361","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5127848","display_name":"Class (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.6584073901176453},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.524541437625885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.5172305703163147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.5031761527061462},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.42545533180236816},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.38648346066474915}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/s00357-025-09517-2","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00357-025-09517-2","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S73028643","display_name":"Journal of Classification","issn_l":"0176-4268","issn":["0176-4268","1432-1343"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Classification","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":29,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1496056137","https://openalex.org/W1958433089","https://openalex.org/W1984323748","https://openalex.org/W2104933073","https://openalex.org/W2132791018","https://openalex.org/W2133236236","https://openalex.org/W2148143831","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2551429935","https://openalex.org/W2618530766","https://openalex.org/W2734349601","https://openalex.org/W2767106145","https://openalex.org/W2789894922","https://openalex.org/W2921155804","https://openalex.org/W2936503027","https://openalex.org/W2962200422","https://openalex.org/W2962712569","https://openalex.org/W2962767316","https://openalex.org/W2963043051","https://openalex.org/W2963351448","https://openalex.org/W2964050365","https://openalex.org/W2991198822","https://openalex.org/W3096831136","https://openalex.org/W3157699413","https://openalex.org/W3198147788","https://openalex.org/W4214673031","https://openalex.org/W4381251322","https://openalex.org/W4381542508","https://openalex.org/W4386421280"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W1979597421","https://openalex.org/W2007980826","https://openalex.org/W2061531152","https://openalex.org/W3002753104","https://openalex.org/W2077600819","https://openalex.org/W2142036596","https://openalex.org/W2072657027","https://openalex.org/W2033914206","https://openalex.org/W2042327336"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-03-24T06:04:31.470712","created_date":"2025-08-04T00:00:00"}