{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2895134038","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00357-018-9267-9","title":"On the Negative Bias of the Gini Coefficient due to Grouping","display_name":"On the Negative Bias of the Gini Coefficient due to Grouping","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-10-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2895134038","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00357-018-9267-9","mag":"2895134038"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s00357-018-9267-9","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00357-018-9267-9","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00357-018-9267-9.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S73028643","display_name":"Journal of Classification","issn_l":"0176-4268","issn":["0176-4268","1432-1343"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Classification","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00357-018-9267-9.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026965468","display_name":"Matthijs J. Warrens","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7302-640X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I169381384","display_name":"University of Groningen","ror":"https://ror.org/012p63287","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I169381384"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Matthijs J. Warrens","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Groningen, Grote Rozenstraat 3, 9712 TG, Groningen, The Netherlands","University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Groningen, Grote Rozenstraat 3, 9712 TG, Groningen, The Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I169381384"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I169381384"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5026965468"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I169381384"],"apc_list":{"value":2390,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":2990},"apc_paid":{"value":2390,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":2990},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.17517493,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"35","issue":"3","first_page":"580","last_page":"586"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10446","display_name":"Income, Poverty, and Inequality","score":0.9983999729156494,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10446","display_name":"Income, Poverty, and Inequality","score":0.9983999729156494,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14473","display_name":"Social and Economic Development in India","score":0.95169997215271,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gini-coefficient","display_name":"Gini coefficient","score":0.8986722230911255},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.6934808492660522},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.6559666395187378},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/measure","display_name":"Measure (data warehouse)","score":0.6453102231025696},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inequality","display_name":"Inequality","score":0.5525147318840027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/econometrics","display_name":"Econometrics","score":0.5358010530471802},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dispersion","display_name":"Dispersion (optics)","score":0.46498391032218933},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/economic-inequality","display_name":"Economic inequality","score":0.31825852394104004},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-analysis","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","score":0.1870829463005066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.08709830045700073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.0743025541305542},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.05738869309425354}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779206190","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162455","display_name":"Gini coefficient","level":4,"score":0.8986722230911255},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.6934808492660522},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.6559666395187378},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780009758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6804172","display_name":"Measure (data warehouse)","level":2,"score":0.6453102231025696},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45555294","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28113351","display_name":"Inequality","level":2,"score":0.5525147318840027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149782125","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160039","display_name":"Econometrics","level":1,"score":0.5358010530471802},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177562468","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q182893","display_name":"Dispersion (optics)","level":2,"score":0.46498391032218933},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C513380476","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5055020","display_name":"Economic inequality","level":3,"score":0.31825852394104004},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.1870829463005066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.08709830045700073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.0743025541305542},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.05738869309425354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/s00357-018-9267-9","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00357-018-9267-9","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00357-018-9267-9.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S73028643","display_name":"Journal of Classification","issn_l":"0176-4268","issn":["0176-4268","1432-1343"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Classification","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.rug.nl:publications/d4970058-11e3-4920-b3c2-c75214285a17","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://research.rug.nl/en/publications/d4970058-11e3-4920-b3c2-c75214285a17","pdf_url":"https://pure.rug.nl/ws/files/77013763/Warrens2018_Article_OnTheNegativeBiasOfTheGiniCoef.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400420","display_name":"University of Groningen research database (University of Groningen / Centre for Information Technology)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I169381384","host_organization_name":"University of Groningen","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I169381384"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Warrens, M J 2018, 'On the negative bias of the Gini coefficient due to grouping', Journal of Classification, vol. 35, no. 3, pp. 580-586. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00357-018-9267-9","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:spr:jclass:v:35:y:2018:i:3:d:10.1007_s00357-018-9267-9","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s00357-018-9267-9","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s00357-018-9267-9","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00357-018-9267-9","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00357-018-9267-9.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S73028643","display_name":"Journal of Classification","issn_l":"0176-4268","issn":["0176-4268","1432-1343"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Classification","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"No poverty","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/1","score":0.7699999809265137}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320933","display_name":"Rijksuniversiteit Groningen","ror":"https://ror.org/012p63287"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2895134038.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2895134038.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":11,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W587635713","https://openalex.org/W1610417340","https://openalex.org/W1858335040","https://openalex.org/W1970113371","https://openalex.org/W1984208669","https://openalex.org/W2034608639","https://openalex.org/W2054717882","https://openalex.org/W2081551423","https://openalex.org/W2169223645","https://openalex.org/W2332915357","https://openalex.org/W2797163808"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4388535600","https://openalex.org/W3145651792","https://openalex.org/W2243011871","https://openalex.org/W4226147570","https://openalex.org/W2186138316","https://openalex.org/W3213321156","https://openalex.org/W3196647800","https://openalex.org/W1977094210","https://openalex.org/W3121808440","https://openalex.org/W1515615431"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"Gini":[1,59],"coefficient":[2,29,60],"is":[3,10,41,55],"a":[4,14,32],"measure":[5,15],"of":[6,16,18],"statistical":[7],"dispersion":[8],"that":[9,27,57],"commonly":[11],"used":[12],"as":[13],"inequality":[17],"income,":[19],"wealth":[20],"or":[21],"opportunity.":[22],"Empirical":[23],"research":[24],"has":[25],"shown":[26,56],"the":[28,47,58,64],"may":[30],"have":[31],"nonnegligible":[33],"downward":[34,48],"bias":[35,49],"when":[36],"data":[37,65],"are":[38,66],"grouped.":[39],"It":[40],"unknown":[42],"under":[43],"which":[44],"grouping":[45],"conditions":[46],"occurs.":[50],"In":[51],"this":[52],"note":[53],"it":[54],"strictly":[61],"decreases":[62],"if":[63],"partitioned":[67],"into":[68],"equal":[69],"sized":[70],"groups.":[71]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-03-18T14:38:29.013473","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
