{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2999752504","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00355-019-01236-z","title":"Fundamental utilitarianism and intergenerational equity with extinction discounting","display_name":"Fundamental utilitarianism and intergenerational equity with extinction discounting","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-01-23","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2999752504","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00355-019-01236-z","mag":"2999752504"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s00355-019-01236-z","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00355-019-01236-z","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00355-019-01236-z.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S107325288","display_name":"Social Choice and Welfare","issn_l":"0176-1714","issn":["0176-1714","1432-217X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Social Choice and Welfare","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00355-019-01236-z.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005498118","display_name":"Graciela Chichilnisky","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2627-9962"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I78577930","display_name":"Columbia University","ror":"https://ror.org/00hj8s172","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I78577930"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Graciela Chichilnisky","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Economics, International Affairs Building, Columbia University, 420 W 118 St MC 3308, New York, NY, 10027, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Economics, International Affairs Building, Columbia University, 420 W 118 St MC 3308, New York, NY, 10027, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78577930"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055671611","display_name":"Peter J. Hammond","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1125-3612"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I39555362","display_name":"University of Warwick","ror":"https://ror.org/01a77tt86","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I39555362"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Peter J. Hammond","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Economics, and CAGE (Competitive Advantage in the Global Economy), University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1125-3612","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Economics, and CAGE (Competitive Advantage in the Global Economy), University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39555362"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005056692","display_name":"Nicholas Stern","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I909854389","display_name":"London School of Economics and Political Science","ror":"https://ror.org/0090zs177","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I909854389"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nicholas Stern","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Economics, and Grantham Research Institute on Climate Change and the Environment, London School of Economics and Political Science,  Houghton Street, London, WC2A 2AE, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Economics, and Grantham Research Institute on Climate Change and the Environment, London School of Economics and Political Science,  Houghton Street, London, WC2A 2AE, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I909854389"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5055671611"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39555362"],"apc_list":{"value":2890,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2890},"apc_paid":{"value":2890,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2890},"fwci":4.0352,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":21,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9359234,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"54","issue":"2-3","first_page":"397","last_page":"427"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12013","display_name":"Sustainable Development and Environmental Policy","score":0.9926000237464905,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2308","display_name":"Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12013","display_name":"Sustainable Development and Environmental Policy","score":0.9926000237464905,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2308","display_name":"Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10471","display_name":"Climate Change Policy and Economics","score":0.9919000267982483,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10841","display_name":"Economic and Environmental Valuation","score":0.9915000200271606,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intergenerational-equity","display_name":"Intergenerational equity","score":0.6939393877983093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/economics","display_name":"Economics","score":0.6844951510429382},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/discounting","display_name":"Discounting","score":0.6657548546791077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/population","display_name":"Population","score":0.5992884039878845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/utilitarianism","display_name":"Utilitarianism","score":0.5982629060745239},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-economics","display_name":"Mathematical economics","score":0.5379486680030823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/extinction","display_name":"Extinction (optical mineralogy)","score":0.5046249628067017},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/equity","display_name":"Equity (law)","score":0.47279495000839233},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-preferences","display_name":"Social preferences","score":0.4143866300582886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/microeconomics","display_name":"Microeconomics","score":0.32315438985824585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sociology","display_name":"Sociology","score":0.19174811244010925},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/political-science","display_name":"Political science","score":0.12600579857826233},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/demography","display_name":"Demography","score":0.1198911964893341},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sustainability","display_name":"Sustainability","score":0.09285461902618408},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/law","display_name":"Law","score":0.08941009640693665}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781133197","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1502025","display_name":"Intergenerational equity","level":3,"score":0.6939393877983093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.6844951510429382},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6177178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10998070","display_name":"Discounting","level":2,"score":0.6657548546791077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.5992884039878845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C525925914","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160590","display_name":"Utilitarianism","level":2,"score":0.5982629060745239},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144237770","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q747534","display_name":"Mathematical economics","level":1,"score":0.5379486680030823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C101991246","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5422078","display_name":"Extinction (optical mineralogy)","level":2,"score":0.5046249628067017},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199728807","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2578557","display_name":"Equity (law)","level":2,"score":0.47279495000839233},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52820260","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7551312","display_name":"Social preferences","level":2,"score":0.4143866300582886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175444787","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39072","display_name":"Microeconomics","level":1,"score":0.32315438985824585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.19174811244010925},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.12600579857826233},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149923435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37732","display_name":"Demography","level":1,"score":0.1198911964893341},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66204764","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q219416","display_name":"Sustainability","level":2,"score":0.09285461902618408},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.08941009640693665},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/s00355-019-01236-z","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00355-019-01236-z","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00355-019-01236-z.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S107325288","display_name":"Social Choice and Welfare","issn_l":"0176-1714","issn":["0176-1714","1432-217X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Social Choice and Welfare","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:spr:sochwe:v:54:y:2020:i:2:d:10.1007_s00355-019-01236-z","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s00355-019-01236-z","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s00355-019-01236-z","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00355-019-01236-z","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00355-019-01236-z.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S107325288","display_name":"Social Choice and Welfare","issn_l":"0176-1714","issn":["0176-1714","1432-217X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Social Choice and Welfare","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Climate action","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/13","score":0.7699999809265137}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G372274276","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"ES/S007121/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334630","funder_display_name":"Economic and Social Research Council"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320279","display_name":"University of Warwick","ror":"https://ror.org/01a77tt86"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334630","display_name":"Economic and Social Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/03n0ht308"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2999752504.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2999752504.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":119,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W49591165","https://openalex.org/W570586468","https://openalex.org/W573701032","https://openalex.org/W593220385","https://openalex.org/W629902810","https://openalex.org/W1274317201","https://openalex.org/W1510458705","https://openalex.org/W1512682564","https://openalex.org/W1522139711","https://openalex.org/W1531190209","https://openalex.org/W1538921764","https://openalex.org/W1545328618","https://openalex.org/W1565173154","https://openalex.org/W1578887019","https://openalex.org/W1579344322","https://openalex.org/W1597472704","https://openalex.org/W1600730164","https://openalex.org/W1963608053","https://openalex.org/W1963883253","https://openalex.org/W1967925232","https://openalex.org/W1969155350","https://openalex.org/W1974210025","https://openalex.org/W1974609519","https://openalex.org/W1976128508","https://openalex.org/W1985656750","https://openalex.org/W1991709859","https://openalex.org/W1993345900","https://openalex.org/W1998627858","https://openalex.org/W2006333167","https://openalex.org/W2006409933","https://openalex.org/W2007256882","https://openalex.org/W2009061966","https://openalex.org/W2020445631","https://openalex.org/W2022953107","https://openalex.org/W2025611071","https://openalex.org/W2036910311","https://openalex.org/W2044015647","https://openalex.org/W2053471859","https://openalex.org/W2054234644","https://openalex.org/W2059765584","https://openalex.org/W2059944969","https://openalex.org/W2061646737","https://openalex.org/W2061963820","https://openalex.org/W2062071546","https://openalex.org/W2070995395","https://openalex.org/W2071916590","https://openalex.org/W2076988682","https://openalex.org/W2077016814","https://openalex.org/W2080578227","https://openalex.org/W2082503759","https://openalex.org/W2085112571","https://openalex.org/W2090183415","https://openalex.org/W2092389564","https://openalex.org/W2100720536","https://openalex.org/W2105098060","https://openalex.org/W2114923245","https://openalex.org/W2122445069","https://openalex.org/W2122981731","https://openalex.org/W2126416729","https://openalex.org/W2138141146","https://openalex.org/W2148295141","https://openalex.org/W2165807407","https://openalex.org/W2166071398","https://openalex.org/W2168827660","https://openalex.org/W2195401873","https://openalex.org/W2206762444","https://openalex.org/W2246360977","https://openalex.org/W2274451545","https://openalex.org/W2289969916","https://openalex.org/W2297625552","https://openalex.org/W2316887684","https://openalex.org/W2317747468","https://openalex.org/W2335299587","https://openalex.org/W2395062426","https://openalex.org/W2494945814","https://openalex.org/W2514936665","https://openalex.org/W2796023185","https://openalex.org/W2797561809","https://openalex.org/W2891758611","https://openalex.org/W2900318925","https://openalex.org/W2923401465","https://openalex.org/W2942012185","https://openalex.org/W3121286390","https://openalex.org/W3121816724","https://openalex.org/W3122432566","https://openalex.org/W3122487109","https://openalex.org/W3122788023","https://openalex.org/W3122992687","https://openalex.org/W3123082902","https://openalex.org/W3123234501","https://openalex.org/W3123625738","https://openalex.org/W3124014593","https://openalex.org/W3125042908","https://openalex.org/W3125781781","https://openalex.org/W3140699938","https://openalex.org/W3140912367","https://openalex.org/W3168149230","https://openalex.org/W3178799710","https://openalex.org/W4212996031","https://openalex.org/W4213439731","https://openalex.org/W4230906437","https://openalex.org/W4231508557","https://openalex.org/W4234039577","https://openalex.org/W4234277722","https://openalex.org/W4235141830","https://openalex.org/W4235840199","https://openalex.org/W4243015172","https://openalex.org/W4243419638","https://openalex.org/W4243743288","https://openalex.org/W4249813871","https://openalex.org/W4252076458","https://openalex.org/W4254971466","https://openalex.org/W4292042030","https://openalex.org/W4300059946","https://openalex.org/W4300706543","https://openalex.org/W4300850178","https://openalex.org/W4308665322","https://openalex.org/W4375819332","https://openalex.org/W6630613681"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2365880412","https://openalex.org/W1989699131","https://openalex.org/W4387119885","https://openalex.org/W2039046778","https://openalex.org/W3126136900","https://openalex.org/W2040804014","https://openalex.org/W1513608945","https://openalex.org/W2474512212","https://openalex.org/W2098952794","https://openalex.org/W1505366519"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"Ramsey":[1],"famously":[2],"condemned":[3],"discounting":[4],"\u201cfuture":[5],"enjoyments\u201d":[6],"as":[7],"\u201cethically":[8],"indefensible\u201d.":[9],"Suppes":[10],"enunciated":[11],"an":[12,86,106,119,125],"equity":[13],"criterion":[14],"which,":[15],"when":[16,209],"social":[17],"choice":[18],"is":[19,105,147,178],"utilitarian,":[20],"implies":[21],"giving":[22],"equal":[23,107,132],"weight":[24],"to":[25,169],"all":[26],"individuals\u2019":[27],"utilities.":[28],"By":[29],"contrast,":[30],"Arrow":[31],"(Contemporary":[32],"economic":[33],"issues.":[34],"International":[35],"Economic":[36],"Association":[37],"Series.":[38],"Palgrave":[39],"Macmillan,":[40],"London,":[41],"1999a;":[42],"Discounting":[43],"and":[44,150,182,203],"Intergenerational":[45],"Effects,":[46],"Resources":[47],"for":[48,74,90,158],"the":[49,99,137,141,159,195,210],"Future":[50],"Press,":[51],"Washington":[52],"DC,":[53],"1999b)":[54],"accepted,":[55],"perhaps":[56],"reluctantly,":[57],"what":[58],"he":[59],"called":[60],"Koopmans\u2019":[61],"(Econometrica":[62],"28(2):287\u2013309,":[63],"1960)":[64],"\u201cstrong":[65],"argument\u201d":[66],"implying":[67],"that":[68,136,174],"no":[69],"equitable":[70,87,126,206],"preference":[71],"ordering":[72],"exists":[73],"a":[75,91,96,114,145,201],"sufficiently":[76],"unrestricted":[77],"domain":[78],"of":[79,98,109,123,163,213],"infinite":[80,116],"utility":[81,177],"streams.":[82],"Here":[83],"we":[84],"derive":[85],"utilitarian":[88],"objective":[89],"finite":[92],"population":[93,117,211],"based":[94],"on":[95,198],"version":[97],"Vickrey\u2013Harsanyi":[100],"original":[101,129],"position,":[102],"where":[103],"there":[104],"probability":[108],"becoming":[110],"each":[111,175,214],"person.":[112],"For":[113],"potentially":[115],"facing":[118],"exogenous":[120],"stochastic":[121],"process":[122],"extinction,":[124],"extinction":[127,142],"biased":[128],"position":[130,146],"requires":[131],"conditional":[133],"probabilities,":[134],"given":[135],"individual\u2019s":[138,176],"generation":[139,215],"survives":[140],"process.":[143],"Such":[144],"well-defined":[148],"if":[149,152],"only":[151],"survival":[153],"probabilities":[154],"decline":[155],"fast":[156],"enough":[157],"expected":[160,185],"total":[161,188],"number":[162],"individuals":[164],"who":[165],"can":[166,216],"ever":[167],"live":[168],"be":[170,217],"finite.":[171],"Then,":[172],"provided":[173],"bounded":[179],"both":[180],"above":[181],"below,":[183],"maximizing":[184],"\u201cextinction":[186],"discounted\u201d":[187],"utility\u2014as":[189],"advocated,":[190],"inter":[191],"alia":[192],",":[193],"by":[194],"Stern":[196],"Review":[197],"climate":[199],"change\u2014provides":[200],"coherent":[202],"dynamically":[204],"consistent":[205],"objective,":[207],"even":[208],"size":[212],"chosen.":[218]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-08-15T07:11:24.734988","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
