{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2046773087","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00224-011-9341-8","title":"Searching for Black Holes in Subways","display_name":"Searching for Black Holes in Subways","publication_year":2011,"publication_date":"2011-07-27","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2046773087","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00224-011-9341-8","mag":"2046773087"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s00224-011-9341-8","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00224-011-9341-8","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210177266","display_name":"Theory of Computing Systems","issn_l":"1432-4350","issn":["1432-4350","1433-0490"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Theory of Computing Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030360680","display_name":"Paola Flocchini","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3584-5727"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I153718931","display_name":"University of Ottawa","ror":"https://ror.org/03c4mmv16","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I153718931"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Paola Flocchini","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information Technology and Engineering, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada","University of Ottawa, School of Information Tech. and Engineering, Ottawa, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Technology and Engineering, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I153718931"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Ottawa, School of Information Tech. and Engineering, Ottawa, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I153718931"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038618195","display_name":"Matthew Kellett","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9573-4127"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802286613","display_name":"Government of Canada","ror":"https://ror.org/010q4q527","country_code":"CA","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2802286613"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Matthew Kellett","raw_affiliation_strings":["Defence R&D Canada \u2013 Ottawa, Government of Canada, Ottawa, Canada","Government of Canada, Defence R&D Canada \u2013 Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada#TAB#"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Defence R&D Canada \u2013 Ottawa, Government of Canada, Ottawa, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802286613"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Government of Canada, Defence R&D Canada \u2013 Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802286613"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113503657","display_name":"Peter C. Mason","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802286613","display_name":"Government of Canada","ror":"https://ror.org/010q4q527","country_code":"CA","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2802286613"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Peter C. Mason","raw_affiliation_strings":["Defence R&D Canada \u2013 Ottawa, Government of Canada, Ottawa, Canada","Government of Canada, Defence R&D Canada \u2013 Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada#TAB#"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Defence R&D Canada \u2013 Ottawa, Government of Canada, Ottawa, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802286613"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Government of Canada, Defence R&D Canada \u2013 Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802286613"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044260252","display_name":"Nicola Santoro","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7954-3918"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I67031392","display_name":"Carleton University","ror":"https://ror.org/02qtvee93","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67031392"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nicola Santoro","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science, Carleton University, Ottawa, Canada","Carleton University, School of Computer Science, Ottawa, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science, Carleton University, Ottawa, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I67031392"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Carleton University, School of Computer Science, Ottawa, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I67031392"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5030360680"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I153718931"],"apc_list":{"value":2290,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":2890},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":7.0211,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":45,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97051705,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"50","issue":"1","first_page":"158","last_page":"184"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11896","display_name":"Opportunistic and Delay-Tolerant Networks","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11896","display_name":"Opportunistic and Delay-Tolerant Networks","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11980","display_name":"Human Mobility and Location-Based Analysis","score":0.9940999746322632,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3313","display_name":"Transportation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10761","display_name":"Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANETs)","score":0.9902999997138977,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.3790809214115143}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.3790809214115143}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/s00224-011-9341-8","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00224-011-9341-8","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210177266","display_name":"Theory of Computing Systems","issn_l":"1432-4350","issn":["1432-4350","1433-0490"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Theory of Computing Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":38,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W71303384","https://openalex.org/W1500361666","https://openalex.org/W1516130825","https://openalex.org/W1532359370","https://openalex.org/W1550461971","https://openalex.org/W1577650777","https://openalex.org/W1600210399","https://openalex.org/W1609474097","https://openalex.org/W1847535063","https://openalex.org/W1965396227","https://openalex.org/W1967767406","https://openalex.org/W1984196269","https://openalex.org/W1984719907","https://openalex.org/W2011421072","https://openalex.org/W2031698396","https://openalex.org/W2071738571","https://openalex.org/W2073418598","https://openalex.org/W2075784492","https://openalex.org/W2098103684","https://openalex.org/W2099846147","https://openalex.org/W2101848662","https://openalex.org/W2106841911","https://openalex.org/W2116485556","https://openalex.org/W2120498409","https://openalex.org/W2120957127","https://openalex.org/W2130524435","https://openalex.org/W2132927293","https://openalex.org/W2142522527","https://openalex.org/W2162076967","https://openalex.org/W2164988386","https://openalex.org/W2165956193","https://openalex.org/W2170631384","https://openalex.org/W2180449651","https://openalex.org/W2736608724","https://openalex.org/W2755903365","https://openalex.org/W2914758524","https://openalex.org/W4214492366","https://openalex.org/W4235736160"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2390279801","https://openalex.org/W2358668433","https://openalex.org/W2376932109","https://openalex.org/W2001405890","https://openalex.org/W2382290278","https://openalex.org/W2478288626","https://openalex.org/W4391913857","https://openalex.org/W2350741829","https://openalex.org/W2530322880"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":8}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}