{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3003421349","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s002000050083","title":"Safe Operators: Brackets Closed Forever","display_name":"Safe Operators: Brackets Closed Forever","publication_year":1997,"publication_date":"1997-12-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3003421349","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s002000050083","mag":"3003421349"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s002000050083","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s002000050083","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S44535979","display_name":"Applicable Algebra in Engineering Communication and Computing","issn_l":"0938-1279","issn":["0938-1279","1432-0622"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Applicable Algebra in Engineering, Communication and Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032765727","display_name":"Andrea Asperti","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9677-6350"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9360294","display_name":"University of Bologna","ror":"https://ror.org/01111rn36","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9360294"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Andrea Asperti","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dipartimento di Matematica, Piazza di Porta S. Donato 5, Bologna, Italy (e-mail: asperti@cs.unibo.it), , , , , , IT","Dipartimento di Matematica, Piazza di Porta S. Donato 5, Bologna, Italy (e-mail: asperti@cs.unibo.it), , IT"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dipartimento di Matematica, Piazza di Porta S. Donato 5, Bologna, Italy (e-mail: asperti@cs.unibo.it), , , , , , IT","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9360294"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dipartimento di Matematica, Piazza di Porta S. Donato 5, Bologna, Italy (e-mail: asperti@cs.unibo.it), , IT","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9360294"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027118241","display_name":"Juliusz Chroboczek","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I29607241","display_name":"\u00c9cole Normale Sup\u00e9rieure - PSL","ror":"https://ror.org/05a0dhs15","country_code":"FR","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2746051580","https://openalex.org/I29607241"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Juliusz Chroboczek","raw_affiliation_strings":["\u00c9cole Normale Sup\u00e9rieure, 45 r. d\u2019Ulm, F-75005 Paris, France (e-mail: jch@clipper.ens.fr), , , , , , FR","\u00c9cole Normale Sup\u00e9rieure, 45 r. d\u2019Ulm, F-75005 Paris, France (e-mail: jch@clipper.ens.fr), FR"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"\u00c9cole Normale Sup\u00e9rieure, 45 r. d\u2019Ulm, F-75005 Paris, France (e-mail: jch@clipper.ens.fr), , , , , , FR","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I29607241"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"\u00c9cole Normale Sup\u00e9rieure, 45 r. d\u2019Ulm, F-75005 Paris, France (e-mail: jch@clipper.ens.fr), FR","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I29607241"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5032765727"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9360294"],"apc_list":{"value":2290,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":2890},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.40623501,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"8","issue":"6","first_page":"437","last_page":"468"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11357","display_name":"Risk and Safety Analysis","score":0.22689999639987946,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1804","display_name":"Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11357","display_name":"Risk and Safety Analysis","score":0.22689999639987946,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1804","display_name":"Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/correctness","display_name":"Correctness","score":0.8604444265365601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rewriting","display_name":"Rewriting","score":0.8317885398864746},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reduction","display_name":"Reduction (mathematics)","score":0.6446949243545532},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5302512049674988},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/calculus","display_name":"Calculus (dental)","score":0.48410356044769287},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control","display_name":"Control (management)","score":0.471807599067688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optimal-control","display_name":"Optimal control","score":0.4534164071083069},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algebra-over-a-field","display_name":"Algebra over a field","score":0.365433931350708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.36488741636276245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-optimization","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","score":0.3398344814777374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.24528181552886963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.20872607827186584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.12748703360557556},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pure-mathematics","display_name":"Pure mathematics","score":0.11752679944038391}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55439883","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q360812","display_name":"Correctness","level":2,"score":0.8604444265365601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154690210","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1668499","display_name":"Rewriting","level":2,"score":0.8317885398864746},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111335779","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3454686","display_name":"Reduction (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.6446949243545532},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5302512049674988},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777686260","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q144037","display_name":"Calculus (dental)","level":2,"score":0.48410356044769287},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.471807599067688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C91575142","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1971426","display_name":"Optimal control","level":2,"score":0.4534164071083069},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136119220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1000660","display_name":"Algebra over a field","level":2,"score":0.365433931350708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.36488741636276245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.3398344814777374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.24528181552886963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.20872607827186584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.12748703360557556},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202444582","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837863","display_name":"Pure mathematics","level":1,"score":0.11752679944038391},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199343813","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12128","display_name":"Dentistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/s002000050083","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s002000050083","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S44535979","display_name":"Applicable Algebra in Engineering Communication and Computing","issn_l":"0938-1279","issn":["0938-1279","1432-0622"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Applicable Algebra in Engineering, Communication and Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3008339103","https://openalex.org/W2120204135","https://openalex.org/W2404647514","https://openalex.org/W4299818930","https://openalex.org/W2467059325","https://openalex.org/W263998227","https://openalex.org/W2963664616","https://openalex.org/W1519070851","https://openalex.org/W1528897846","https://openalex.org/W2761602683"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}