{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3044216435","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00186-020-00722-w","title":"A conservative index heuristic for routing problems with multiple heterogeneous service facilities","display_name":"A conservative index heuristic for routing problems with multiple heterogeneous service facilities","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-07-22","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3044216435","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00186-020-00722-w","mag":"3044216435"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s00186-020-00722-w","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00186-020-00722-w","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00186-020-00722-w.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S126160977","display_name":"Mathematical Methods of Operations Research","issn_l":"1432-2994","issn":["1432-2994","1432-5217"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Mathematical Methods of Operations Research","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00186-020-00722-w.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005218988","display_name":"Rob Shone","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5485-1180"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I67415387","display_name":"Lancaster University","ror":"https://ror.org/04f2nsd36","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67415387"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Rob Shone","raw_affiliation_strings":["Lancaster University, Bailrigg, Lancaster, UK"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5485-1180","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Lancaster University, Bailrigg, Lancaster, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I67415387"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017644612","display_name":"Vincent Knight","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4245-0638"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79510175","display_name":"Cardiff University","ror":"https://ror.org/03kk7td41","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79510175"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Vincent A. Knight","raw_affiliation_strings":["Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79510175"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055224114","display_name":"Paul Harper","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7894-4907"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79510175","display_name":"Cardiff University","ror":"https://ror.org/03kk7td41","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79510175"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Paul R. Harper","raw_affiliation_strings":["Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79510175"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5005218988"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I67415387"],"apc_list":{"value":2290,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":2890},"apc_paid":{"value":2290,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":2890},"fwci":0.104,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.42476828,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"92","issue":"3","first_page":"511","last_page":"543"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11409","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Network Optimization","score":0.9973999857902527,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11409","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Network Optimization","score":0.9973999857902527,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12101","display_name":"Advanced Bandit Algorithms Research","score":0.9969000220298767,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12288","display_name":"Optimization and Search Problems","score":0.9954000115394592,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/heuristics","display_name":"Heuristics","score":0.8324788808822632},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-optimization","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","score":0.7493916153907776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/heuristic","display_name":"Heuristic","score":0.7089301943778992},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6523612141609192},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/routing","display_name":"Routing (electronic design automation)","score":0.5894175171852112},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/queueing-theory","display_name":"Queueing theory","score":0.5127571821212769},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/service","display_name":"Service (business)","score":0.45905032753944397},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/index","display_name":"Index (typography)","score":0.4473341703414917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dynamic-programming","display_name":"Dynamic programming","score":0.4462585747241974},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operations-research","display_name":"Operations research","score":0.4338791072368622},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.2650999426841736},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/economics","display_name":"Economics","score":0.0656958818435669}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127705205","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5748245","display_name":"Heuristics","level":2,"score":0.8324788808822632},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.7493916153907776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173801870","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q201413","display_name":"Heuristic","level":2,"score":0.7089301943778992},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6523612141609192},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74172769","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1446839","display_name":"Routing (electronic design automation)","level":2,"score":0.5894175171852112},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22684755","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q847526","display_name":"Queueing theory","level":2,"score":0.5127571821212769},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780378061","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25351891","display_name":"Service (business)","level":2,"score":0.45905032753944397},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777382242","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6017816","display_name":"Index (typography)","level":2,"score":0.4473341703414917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C37404715","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q380679","display_name":"Dynamic programming","level":2,"score":0.4462585747241974},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42475967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q194292","display_name":"Operations research","level":1,"score":0.4338791072368622},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.2650999426841736},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0656958818435669},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136264566","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q159810","display_name":"Economy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/s00186-020-00722-w","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00186-020-00722-w","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00186-020-00722-w.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S126160977","display_name":"Mathematical Methods of Operations Research","issn_l":"1432-2994","issn":["1432-2994","1432-5217"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Mathematical Methods of Operations Research","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:https://orca.cardiff.ac.uk:133164","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":null,"pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401195","display_name":"ORCA Online Research @Cardiff (Cardiff University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I79510175","host_organization_name":"Cardiff University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79510175"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:spr:mathme:v:92:y:2020:i:3:d:10.1007_s00186-020-00722-w","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s00186-020-00722-w","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:eprints.lancs.ac.uk:146171","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://eprints.lancs.ac.uk/id/eprint/146171/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401916","display_name":"Lancaster EPrints (Lancaster University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67415387","host_organization_name":"Lancaster University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67415387"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s00186-020-00722-w","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00186-020-00722-w","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00186-020-00722-w.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S126160977","display_name":"Mathematical Methods of Operations Research","issn_l":"1432-2994","issn":["1432-2994","1432-5217"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Mathematical Methods of Operations Research","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.7599999904632568,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1689917686","display_name":"DTA - Cardiff University","funder_award_id":"EP/J500197/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320311714","display_name":"Lancaster University","ror":"https://ror.org/04f2nsd36"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/0439y7842"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3044216435.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3044216435.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":60,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W5657644","https://openalex.org/W1494403903","https://openalex.org/W1521183774","https://openalex.org/W1576452626","https://openalex.org/W1601081659","https://openalex.org/W1964680067","https://openalex.org/W1965665090","https://openalex.org/W1997049009","https://openalex.org/W2008846452","https://openalex.org/W2013702609","https://openalex.org/W2021536545","https://openalex.org/W2022063709","https://openalex.org/W2025702744","https://openalex.org/W2028145673","https://openalex.org/W2030868629","https://openalex.org/W2033347753","https://openalex.org/W2043664665","https://openalex.org/W2046176856","https://openalex.org/W2047410613","https://openalex.org/W2052654251","https://openalex.org/W2056921512","https://openalex.org/W2059997698","https://openalex.org/W2064823719","https://openalex.org/W2070700242","https://openalex.org/W2082402058","https://openalex.org/W2082445158","https://openalex.org/W2093155901","https://openalex.org/W2103024660","https://openalex.org/W2107694523","https://openalex.org/W2119217665","https://openalex.org/W2119567691","https://openalex.org/W2120248764","https://openalex.org/W2121863487","https://openalex.org/W2132651882","https://openalex.org/W2142111696","https://openalex.org/W2151474593","https://openalex.org/W2152530926","https://openalex.org/W2153107031","https://openalex.org/W2161297030","https://openalex.org/W2170499618","https://openalex.org/W2203533283","https://openalex.org/W2334782222","https://openalex.org/W2341171179","https://openalex.org/W2439872401","https://openalex.org/W2467243923","https://openalex.org/W2487144912","https://openalex.org/W2553566407","https://openalex.org/W2626694546","https://openalex.org/W2962938719","https://openalex.org/W2963782453","https://openalex.org/W2973941800","https://openalex.org/W2995355160","https://openalex.org/W2999114539","https://openalex.org/W3103744592","https://openalex.org/W3124706464","https://openalex.org/W3125634603","https://openalex.org/W4214717370","https://openalex.org/W4235273215","https://openalex.org/W4302593574","https://openalex.org/W4307347247"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2889491356","https://openalex.org/W2912270105","https://openalex.org/W2138810186","https://openalex.org/W2550651583","https://openalex.org/W1985012061","https://openalex.org/W4200388139","https://openalex.org/W2027911320","https://openalex.org/W4200164167","https://openalex.org/W2974874797","https://openalex.org/W3044216435"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"We":[1,122],"consider":[2],"a":[3],"queueing":[4],"system":[5],"with":[6,153],"N":[7,60],"heterogeneous":[8],"service":[9,159],"facilities,":[10],"in":[11,50,118,132],"which":[12,88,110,129],"admission":[13],"and":[14,22,52,161],"routing":[15],"decisions":[16],"are":[17,46,56],"made":[18],"when":[19],"customers":[20],"arrive":[21],"the":[23,64,73,79,96,103,142,156,162,167],"objective":[24],"is":[25,38,61,85],"to":[26,48,70,114,134,146,155],"maximize":[27],"long-run":[28],"average":[29],"net":[30],"rewards.":[31],"For":[32],"this":[33],"type":[34],"of":[35,43,66,158,164],"problem,":[36],"it":[37],"well-known":[39],"that":[40,102],"structural":[41,108],"properties":[42,109],"optimal":[44,68,115],"policies":[45],"difficult":[47],"prove":[49],"general":[51],"dynamic":[53],"programming":[54],"methods":[55],"computationally":[57],"infeasible":[58],"unless":[59],"small.":[62],"In":[63],"absence":[65],"an":[67],"policy":[69],"refer":[71],"to,":[72],"Whittle":[74,104,143],"index":[75],"heuristic":[76,105,144],"(originating":[77],"from":[78,126],"literature":[80],"on":[81],"multi-armed":[82],"bandit":[83],"problems)":[84],"one":[86],"approach":[87],"might":[89],"be":[90,147],"used":[91],"for":[92],"decision-making.":[93],"After":[94],"establishing":[95],"required":[97],"indexability":[98],"property,":[99],"we":[100],"show":[101],"possesses":[106],"certain":[107],"do":[111],"not":[112],"extend":[113],"policies,":[116],"except":[117],"some":[119],"special":[120],"cases.":[121],"also":[123],"present":[124],"results":[125],"numerical":[127],"experiments":[128],"demonstrate":[130],"that,":[131],"addition":[133],"being":[135],"consistently":[136],"strong":[137],"over":[138],"all":[139],"parameter":[140],"sets,":[141],"tends":[145],"more":[148],"robust":[149],"than":[150],"other":[151],"heuristics":[152],"respect":[154],"number":[157],"facilities":[160],"amount":[163],"heterogeneity":[165],"between":[166],"facilities.":[168]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-05-05T08:41:31.759640","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
