{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7123340427","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00180-025-01712-4","title":"Subagging for bandwidth selection: a computationally efficient approach to kernel density estimation","display_name":"Subagging for bandwidth selection: a computationally efficient approach to kernel density estimation","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7123340427","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00180-025-01712-4"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s00180-025-01712-4","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00180-025-01712-4","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00180-025-01712-4.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S8500805","display_name":"Computational Statistics","issn_l":"0943-4062","issn":["0943-4062","1613-9658"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Computational Statistics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00180-025-01712-4.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002307625","display_name":"Mario Francisco\u2010Fern\u00e1ndez","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9201-5423"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I11019714","display_name":"Universidade da Coru\u00f1a","ror":"https://ror.org/01qckj285","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I11019714"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210124246","display_name":"CITIC Group (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/037b6wy35","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210124246"]}],"countries":["CN","ES"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Mario Francisco-Fern\u00e1ndez","raw_affiliation_strings":["Research group MODES, CITIC, Faculty of Computer Science, Department of Mathematics, Universidade da Coru\u00f1a, Campus de Elvi\u00f1a s/n, A Coru\u00f1a, 15071, Spain"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9201-5423","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Research group MODES, CITIC, Faculty of Computer Science, Department of Mathematics, Universidade da Coru\u00f1a, Campus de Elvi\u00f1a s/n, A Coru\u00f1a, 15071, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I11019714","https://openalex.org/I4210124246"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5122867825","display_name":"Daniel Barreiro-Ures","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I11019714","display_name":"Universidade da Coru\u00f1a","ror":"https://ror.org/01qckj285","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I11019714"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210124246","display_name":"CITIC Group (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/037b6wy35","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210124246"]}],"countries":["CN","ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Daniel Barreiro-Ures","raw_affiliation_strings":["Research group MODES, CITIC, Faculty of Computer Science, Department of Mathematics, Universidade da Coru\u00f1a, Campus de Elvi\u00f1a s/n, A Coru\u00f1a, 15071, Spain"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4930-3603","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Research group MODES, CITIC, Faculty of Computer Science, Department of Mathematics, Universidade da Coru\u00f1a, Campus de Elvi\u00f1a s/n, A Coru\u00f1a, 15071, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I11019714","https://openalex.org/I4210124246"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035599338","display_name":"Ricardo Cao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8304-687X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I11019714","display_name":"Universidade da Coru\u00f1a","ror":"https://ror.org/01qckj285","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I11019714"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210124246","display_name":"CITIC Group (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/037b6wy35","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210124246"]}],"countries":["CN","ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ricardo Cao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Research group MODES, CITIC, Faculty of Computer Science, Department of Mathematics, Universidade da Coru\u00f1a, Campus de Elvi\u00f1a s/n, A Coru\u00f1a, 15071, Spain"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8304-687X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Research group MODES, CITIC, Faculty of Computer Science, Department of Mathematics, Universidade da Coru\u00f1a, Campus de Elvi\u00f1a s/n, A Coru\u00f1a, 15071, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I11019714","https://openalex.org/I4210124246"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5002307625"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I11019714","https://openalex.org/I4210124246"],"apc_list":{"value":2490,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":3090},"apc_paid":{"value":2490,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":3090},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.03183636,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"41","issue":"1","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10054","display_name":"Parallel Computing and Optimization Techniques","score":0.7971000075340271,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10054","display_name":"Parallel Computing and Optimization Techniques","score":0.7971000075340271,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11181","display_name":"Advanced Data Storage Technologies","score":0.02930000051856041,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10136","display_name":"Statistical Methods and Inference","score":0.016200000420212746,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2613","display_name":"Statistics and Probability"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/26","display_name":"Mathematics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bandwidth","display_name":"Bandwidth (computing)","score":0.6571999788284302},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/kernel","display_name":"Kernel (algebra)","score":0.565500020980835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/kernel-density-estimation","display_name":"Kernel density estimation","score":0.517300009727478},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/implementation","display_name":"Implementation","score":0.41339999437332153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convergence","display_name":"Convergence (economics)","score":0.38670000433921814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/probability-density-function","display_name":"Probability density function","score":0.3626999855041504},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multi-core-processor","display_name":"Multi-core processor","score":0.3555999994277954},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mean-squared-error","display_name":"Mean squared error","score":0.3440000116825104}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776257435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1576430","display_name":"Bandwidth (computing)","level":2,"score":0.6571999788284302},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6148999929428101},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74193536","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q574844","display_name":"Kernel (algebra)","level":2,"score":0.565500020980835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.5573999881744385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71134354","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q458825","display_name":"Kernel density estimation","level":3,"score":0.517300009727478},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26713055","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q245962","display_name":"Implementation","level":2,"score":0.41339999437332153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777303404","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759757","display_name":"Convergence (economics)","level":2,"score":0.38670000433921814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.3749000132083893},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.37459999322891235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197055811","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207522","display_name":"Probability density function","level":2,"score":0.3626999855041504},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78766204","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q555032","display_name":"Multi-core processor","level":2,"score":0.3555999994277954},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139945424","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1940696","display_name":"Mean squared error","level":2,"score":0.3440000116825104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C122280245","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q620622","display_name":"Kernel method","level":3,"score":0.33230000734329224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C200695384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1739319","display_name":"Kernel regression","level":3,"score":0.32519999146461487},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C83546350","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1139051","display_name":"Regression","level":2,"score":0.32420000433921814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173608175","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232661","display_name":"Parallel computing","level":1,"score":0.3158999979496002},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81917197","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q628760","display_name":"Selection (genetic algorithm)","level":2,"score":0.31130000948905945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57869625","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1783502","display_name":"Rate of convergence","level":3,"score":0.3061000108718872},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C181789720","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4812191","display_name":"Asymptotically optimal algorithm","level":2,"score":0.3041999936103821},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14036430","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3736076","display_name":"Function (biology)","level":2,"score":0.30079999566078186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C179799912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205084","display_name":"Computational complexity theory","level":2,"score":0.2953000068664551},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49154492","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5300","display_name":"Central processing unit","level":2,"score":0.2621999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113775141","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q428691","display_name":"Computer engineering","level":1,"score":0.26159998774528503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C152877465","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208042","display_name":"Regression analysis","level":2,"score":0.257999986410141}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/s00180-025-01712-4","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00180-025-01712-4","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00180-025-01712-4.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S8500805","display_name":"Computational Statistics","issn_l":"0943-4062","issn":["0943-4062","1613-9658"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Computational Statistics","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s00180-025-01712-4","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00180-025-01712-4","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00180-025-01712-4.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S8500805","display_name":"Computational Statistics","issn_l":"0943-4062","issn":["0943-4062","1613-9658"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Computational Statistics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320328562","display_name":"Universidade da Coru\u00f1a","ror":"https://ror.org/01qckj285"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7123340427.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7123340427.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":19,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1489950266","https://openalex.org/W1971850642","https://openalex.org/W1997450888","https://openalex.org/W2011182286","https://openalex.org/W2014268383","https://openalex.org/W2041500125","https://openalex.org/W2048826713","https://openalex.org/W2068852101","https://openalex.org/W2084285929","https://openalex.org/W2100805904","https://openalex.org/W2112081648","https://openalex.org/W2118020555","https://openalex.org/W2168106919","https://openalex.org/W3097263763","https://openalex.org/W4212883601","https://openalex.org/W4238717354","https://openalex.org/W4244313837","https://openalex.org/W4283592216","https://openalex.org/W4390113092"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"Bandwidth":[1],"selection":[2],"is":[3,125],"a":[4,68,81,89,121,139,178],"central":[5],"issue":[6],"in":[7,97,134,173,189],"kernel":[8,114],"density":[9],"estimation.":[10],"For":[11],"large":[12],"datasets,":[13],"classical":[14],"selectors":[15,48,106,165],"such":[16],"as":[17,120,138,177],"cross-validation":[18,167],"and":[19,24,44,61,107,132,168,181],"bootstrap":[20,45],"become":[21],"computationally":[22],"intensive":[23],"may":[25],"yield":[26],"bandwidths":[27,53],"with":[28],"high":[29],"variability.":[30],"This":[31],"paper":[32],"proposes":[33],"subagging-based":[34],"versions":[35],"of":[36,99,104,111,141,144],"several":[37],"popular":[38],"selectors,":[39],"including":[40],"cross-validation,":[41],"direct":[42],"plug-in,":[43],"methods.":[46],"These":[47],"are":[49,187],"constructed":[50],"by":[51],"computing":[52],"over":[54],"multiple":[55],"subsamples":[56],"(without":[57],"replacement),":[58],"rescaling":[59],"them,":[60],"averaging":[62],"the":[63,77,85,100,105,108,112,117,131,142,190],"results.":[64],"We":[65,93],"also":[66],"introduce":[67],"novel":[69],"regression-based":[70],"approach,":[71],"Regression":[72],"Subbagging":[73],"(RSB),":[74],"which":[75],"extrapolates":[76],"optimal":[78,118],"bandwidth":[79,119],"via":[80,127],"log-log":[82],"regression,":[83],"avoiding":[84],"need":[86],"to":[87],"assume":[88],"known":[90],"convergence":[91],"rate.":[92],"assess":[94],"statistical":[95,155],"accuracy":[96],"terms":[98],"mean":[101],"squared":[102],"error":[103],"corresponding":[109],"MISE":[110],"resulting":[113],"estimators,":[115],"using":[116,130],"benchmark.":[122],"Computational":[123],"efficiency":[124],"evaluated":[126],"parallel":[128],"implementations":[129],"packages":[133],",":[135,192],"reporting":[136],"speedups":[137],"function":[140],"number":[143],"CPU":[145],"cores.":[146],"The":[147,170,184],"results":[148],"confirm":[149],"that":[150],"subagging":[151],"improves":[152],"or":[153],"preserves":[154],"performance":[156],"while":[157],"yielding":[158],"substantial":[159],"runtime":[160],"reductions,":[161],"especially":[162],"for":[163],"demanding":[164],"like":[166],"bootstrap.":[169],"RSB":[171],"variant,":[172],"particular,":[174],"stands":[175],"out":[176],"scalable,":[179],"flexible,":[180],"robust":[182],"solution.":[183],"core":[185],"methods":[186],"implemented":[188],"package":[191],"available":[193],"on":[194],"CRAN.":[195]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-06-17T06:14:20.161405","created_date":"2026-01-14T00:00:00"}