{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2496251943","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00165-016-0387-x","title":"Modelling timed reactive systems from natural-language requirements","display_name":"Modelling timed reactive systems from natural-language requirements","publication_year":2016,"publication_date":"2016-07-26","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2496251943","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00165-016-0387-x","mag":"2496251943"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s00165-016-0387-x","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00165-016-0387-x","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S128250343","display_name":"Formal Aspects of Computing","issn_l":"0934-5043","issn":["0934-5043","1433-299X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Formal Aspects of Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070089969","display_name":"Gustavo Carvalho","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3700-9709"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I25112270","display_name":"Universidade Federal de Pernambuco","ror":"https://ror.org/047908t24","country_code":"BR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I25112270"]}],"countries":["BR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gustavo Carvalho","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centro de Inform\u00e1tica, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 50740-560, Recife, Brazil"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centro de Inform\u00e1tica, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 50740-560, Recife, Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25112270"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073408099","display_name":"Ana Cavalcanti","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0831-1976"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I52099693","display_name":"University of York","ror":"https://ror.org/04m01e293","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I52099693"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ana Cavalcanti","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, University of York, YO10 5GH, York, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, University of York, YO10 5GH, York, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I52099693"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041930802","display_name":"Augusto Sampaio","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6593-577X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I25112270","display_name":"Universidade Federal de Pernambuco","ror":"https://ror.org/047908t24","country_code":"BR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I25112270"]}],"countries":["BR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Augusto Sampaio","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centro de Inform\u00e1tica, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 50740-560, Recife, Brazil"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centro de Inform\u00e1tica, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 50740-560, Recife, Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25112270"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":2780,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2780},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":5.2799,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":20,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95315362,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"28","issue":"5","first_page":"725","last_page":"765"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10743","display_name":"Software Testing and Debugging Techniques","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1712","display_name":"Software"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10743","display_name":"Software Testing and Debugging Techniques","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1712","display_name":"Software"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12423","display_name":"Software Reliability and Analysis Research","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1712","display_name":"Software"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10142","display_name":"Formal Methods in Verification","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7911592721939087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language","display_name":"Natural language","score":0.5259602069854736},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/representation","display_name":"Representation (politics)","score":0.5204751491546631},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.5198981761932373},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/semantics","display_name":"Semantics (computer science)","score":0.5162370204925537},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/specification-language","display_name":"Specification language","score":0.504731297492981},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.4761212468147278},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theory-of-computation","display_name":"Theory of computation","score":0.4511975646018982},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reachability","display_name":"Reachability","score":0.440550833940506},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.23736438155174255}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7911592721939087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195324797","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q33742","display_name":"Natural language","level":2,"score":0.5259602069854736},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776359362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2145286","display_name":"Representation (politics)","level":3,"score":0.5204751491546631},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.5198981761932373},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184337299","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1437428","display_name":"Semantics (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.5162370204925537},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201677973","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1209840","display_name":"Specification language","level":2,"score":0.504731297492981},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.4761212468147278},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24858836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844718","display_name":"Theory of computation","level":2,"score":0.4511975646018982},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136643341","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1361526","display_name":"Reachability","level":2,"score":0.440550833940506},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.23736438155174255},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/s00165-016-0387-x","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00165-016-0387-x","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S128250343","display_name":"Formal Aspects of Computing","issn_l":"0934-5043","issn":["0934-5043","1433-299X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Formal Aspects of Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:eprints.whiterose.ac.uk:103139","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0831-1976>","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400854","display_name":"White Rose Research Online (University of Leeds, The University of Sheffield, University of York)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2800616092","host_organization_name":"White Rose University Consortium","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800616092"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","score":0.5799999833106995,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1667595581","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"APQ-1037-1.03/08","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322025","funder_display_name":"Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient\u00edfico e Tecnol\u00f3gico"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2594626537","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"573964/2008-4","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322025","funder_display_name":"Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient\u00edfico e Tecnol\u00f3gico"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4796088780","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"EP/M025756/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G586477216","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"APQ-1037-1.03/08","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323678","funder_display_name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o de Amparo \u00e0 Ci\u00eancia e Tecnologia do Estado de Pernambuco"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7071124804","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"476821/2011-8","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322025","funder_display_name":"Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient\u00edfico e Tecnol\u00f3gico"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7074731221","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"EP/H017461/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8912027332","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"EP/E025366/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G931470856","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"573964/2008-4","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323678","funder_display_name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o de Amparo \u00e0 Ci\u00eancia e Tecnologia do Estado de Pernambuco"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322025","display_name":"Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient\u00edfico e Tecnol\u00f3gico","ror":"https://ror.org/03swz6y49"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323678","display_name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o de Amparo \u00e0 Ci\u00eancia e Tecnologia do Estado de Pernambuco","ror":"https://ror.org/02te5rf52"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/0439y7842"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":42,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W3934208","https://openalex.org/W73862328","https://openalex.org/W116345983","https://openalex.org/W132990795","https://openalex.org/W136037141","https://openalex.org/W1452131965","https://openalex.org/W1495188953","https://openalex.org/W1515421996","https://openalex.org/W1534850143","https://openalex.org/W1545355820","https://openalex.org/W1549026077","https://openalex.org/W1559870885","https://openalex.org/W1574030932","https://openalex.org/W1594193927","https://openalex.org/W1693932017","https://openalex.org/W1835501018","https://openalex.org/W1987943861","https://openalex.org/W1988423439","https://openalex.org/W1991944250","https://openalex.org/W1994861204","https://openalex.org/W2006363214","https://openalex.org/W2014821563","https://openalex.org/W2048074122","https://openalex.org/W2052115808","https://openalex.org/W2081720016","https://openalex.org/W2086564796","https://openalex.org/W2088636539","https://openalex.org/W2123023940","https://openalex.org/W2123817584","https://openalex.org/W2128219709","https://openalex.org/W2128510433","https://openalex.org/W2137831149","https://openalex.org/W2144138647","https://openalex.org/W2147880466","https://openalex.org/W2161216820","https://openalex.org/W2163559687","https://openalex.org/W2164827396","https://openalex.org/W2188190628","https://openalex.org/W2914415576","https://openalex.org/W3137722765","https://openalex.org/W3193432128","https://openalex.org/W4254354208"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2136512912","https://openalex.org/W2127267268","https://openalex.org/W2156446763","https://openalex.org/W2067910792","https://openalex.org/W2150194458","https://openalex.org/W2143461633","https://openalex.org/W2889071233","https://openalex.org/W4321471459","https://openalex.org/W4221156924","https://openalex.org/W2113436743"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"At":[1],"the":[2,76,116,167,184,196,199,218,237,257,276,290,293,298],"very":[3],"beginning":[4],"of":[5,18,36,86,108,112,125,186,198,292,300],"system":[6,50],"development,":[7],"typically":[8],"only":[9],"natural-language":[10,21,58,132],"requirements":[11,59,77],"are":[12,78,181,264,272],"documented.":[13],"As":[14],"an":[15,91,105,137,170,223,231],"informal":[16],"source":[17],"information,":[19],"however,":[20],"specifications":[22],"may":[23],"be":[24,30,54,71,163,193,226],"ambiguous":[25],"and":[26,64,80,90,179,241,253,259,267],"incomplete;":[27],"this":[28,40,154],"can":[29,53,69,162,191,225],"hard":[31],"to":[32,73,150,208,214],"detect":[33],"by":[34],"means":[35],"manual":[37],"inspection.":[38],"In":[39,134,206],"work,":[41],"we":[42,220,248,268],"present":[43],"a":[44,88,99,126,145,211,229],"formal":[45],"model,":[46],"named":[47],"data-flow":[48],"reactive":[49,63],"(DFRS),":[51],"which":[52,174,202,296],"automatically":[55],"obtained":[56,182],"from":[57,131,144,173,201,256,281],"that":[60,102,222,270],"describe":[61],"functional,":[62],"temporal":[65],"properties.":[66],"A":[67,94],"DFRS":[68,96,139],"also":[70,192],"used":[72,239],"assess":[74],"whether":[75],"consistent":[79],"complete.":[81],"We":[82,120,165],"define":[83],"two":[84,250,254],"variations":[85],"DFRS:":[87],"symbolic":[89,95,146,282],"expanded":[92,138],"version.":[93],"(s-DFRS)":[97],"is":[98,141,204,286],"concise":[100],"representation":[101,107,172,213],"inherently":[103],"avoids":[104],"explicit":[106],"(possibly":[109],"infinite)":[110],"sets":[111],"states":[113],"and,":[114],"thus,":[115],"state":[117],"space-explosion":[118],"problem.":[119],"use":[121],"s-DFRS":[122,168,200],"as":[123,169,195,228],"part":[124],"technique":[127],"for":[128,176,183],"test-case":[129],"generation":[130],"requirements.":[133],"our":[135,245],"approach,":[136,247],"(e-DFRS)":[140],"built":[142],"dynamically":[143],"one,":[147],"possibly":[148],"limited":[149],"some":[151],"bound;":[152],"in":[153,217],"way,":[155],"bounded":[156],"analysis":[157],"(e.g.,":[158],"reachability,":[159],"determinism,":[160],"completeness)":[161],"performed.":[164],"adopt":[166],"intermediary":[171],"models,":[175],"instance,":[177],"SCR":[178],"CSP,":[180],"purpose":[185],"test":[187],"generation.":[188],"An":[189],"e-DFRS":[190,224,278],"viewed":[194],"semantics":[197],"it":[203],"generated.":[205],"order":[207],"connect":[209],"such":[210,301],"semantic":[212],"established":[215],"ones":[216],"literature,":[219],"show":[221],"encoded":[227],"TIOTS:":[230],"alternative":[232],"timed":[233],"model":[234],"based":[235],"on":[236],"widely":[238],"IOLTS":[240],"ioco.":[242],"To":[243],"validate":[244],"overall":[246],"consider":[249],"toy":[251],"examples":[252,255],"aerospace":[258],"automotive":[260],"industry.":[261],"Test":[262],"cases":[263],"independently":[265],"created":[266],"verify":[269],"they":[271],"all":[273],"compatible":[274],"with":[275,289],"corresponding":[277],"models":[279],"generated":[280],"ones.":[283],"This":[284],"verification":[285],"performed":[287],"mechanically":[288],"aid":[291],"NAT2TEST":[294],"tool,":[295],"supports":[297],"manipulation":[299],"models.":[302]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-23T08:03:31.855105","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}