{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2052957797","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00165-003-0008-3","title":"Concurrency and Refinement in the Unified Modeling Language","display_name":"Concurrency and Refinement in the Unified Modeling Language","publication_year":2003,"publication_date":"2003-11-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2052957797","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00165-003-0008-3","mag":"2052957797"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s00165-003-0008-3","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00165-003-0008-3","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1007/s00165-003-0008-3","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S128250343","display_name":"Formal Aspects of Computing","issn_l":"0934-5043","issn":["0934-5043","1433-299X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Formal Aspects of Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1007/s00165-003-0008-3","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030187840","display_name":"Jim Davies","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4664-6862"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I40120149","display_name":"University of Oxford","ror":"https://ror.org/052gg0110","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jim Davies","raw_affiliation_strings":["Oxford University Computing Laboratory, Wolfson Building, Parks Road, OX1 3QD, Oxford, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Oxford University Computing Laboratory, Wolfson Building, Parks Road, OX1 3QD, Oxford, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020754814","display_name":"Charles Crichton","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9171-1427"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I40120149","display_name":"University of Oxford","ror":"https://ror.org/052gg0110","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Charles Crichton","raw_affiliation_strings":["Oxford University Computing Laboratory, Wolfson Building, Parks Road, OX1 3QD, Oxford, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Oxford University Computing Laboratory, Wolfson Building, Parks Road, OX1 3QD, Oxford, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"],"apc_list":{"value":2780,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2780},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.3784,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":35,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.94613007,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"15","issue":"2-3","first_page":"118","last_page":"145"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10142","display_name":"Formal Methods in Verification","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10142","display_name":"Formal Methods in Verification","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11450","display_name":"Model-Driven Software Engineering Techniques","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1712","display_name":"Software"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11125","display_name":"Petri Nets in System Modeling","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7648501396179199},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.7313165068626404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/concurrency","display_name":"Concurrency","score":0.6845577359199524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/class-diagram","display_name":"Class diagram","score":0.6826850771903992},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/communicating-sequential-processes","display_name":"Communicating sequential processes","score":0.60496586561203},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sequence-diagram","display_name":"Sequence diagram","score":0.5911235809326172},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/unified-modeling-language","display_name":"Unified Modeling Language","score":0.5637903213500977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/communication-diagram","display_name":"Communication diagram","score":0.5567735433578491},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/semantics","display_name":"Semantics (computer science)","score":0.5555972456932068},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/formal-semantics","display_name":"Formal semantics (linguistics)","score":0.5309127569198608},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/notation","display_name":"Notation","score":0.49997568130493164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operational-semantics","display_name":"Operational semantics","score":0.45897501707077026},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.4221612215042114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.14686855673789978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software","display_name":"Software","score":0.07656419277191162}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7648501396179199},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.7313165068626404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C193702766","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1414548","display_name":"Concurrency","level":2,"score":0.6845577359199524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202446494","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q664166","display_name":"Class diagram","level":4,"score":0.6826850771903992},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C155214134","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1120460","display_name":"Communicating sequential processes","level":4,"score":0.60496586561203},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153185123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1391624","display_name":"Sequence diagram","level":4,"score":0.5911235809326172},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145644426","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q169411","display_name":"Unified Modeling Language","level":3,"score":0.5637903213500977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48419115","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q950859","display_name":"Communication diagram","level":5,"score":0.5567735433578491},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184337299","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1437428","display_name":"Semantics (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.5555972456932068},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146499914","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5469969","display_name":"Formal semantics (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.5309127569198608},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45357846","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2001982","display_name":"Notation","level":2,"score":0.49997568130493164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C156325763","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1930895","display_name":"Operational semantics","level":3,"score":0.45897501707077026},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.4221612215042114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.14686855673789978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.07656419277191162},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94375191","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11205","display_name":"Arithmetic","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/s00165-003-0008-3","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00165-003-0008-3","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1007/s00165-003-0008-3","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S128250343","display_name":"Formal Aspects of Computing","issn_l":"0934-5043","issn":["0934-5043","1433-299X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Formal Aspects of Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.92.8113","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.92.8113","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.agedis.de/documents/refine.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.92.8977","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.92.8977","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.agedis.de/documents/facs.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:ora.ox.ac.uk:uuid:ab571cfe-e136-4f50-a1f2-a27b88b6764f","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:ab571cfe-e136-4f50-a1f2-a27b88b6764f","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402636","display_name":"Oxford University Research Archive (ORA) (University of Oxford)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I40120149","host_organization_name":"University of Oxford","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Department of Computer Science","raw_type":"Journal article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:ora.ox.ac.uk:uuid:da680209-4ab6-4c0b-944a-306f78266764","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:da680209-4ab6-4c0b-944a-306f78266764","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402636","display_name":"Oxford University Research Archive (ORA) (University of Oxford)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I40120149","host_organization_name":"University of Oxford","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Department of Computer Science","raw_type":"Journal article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s00165-003-0008-3","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00165-003-0008-3","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1007/s00165-003-0008-3","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S128250343","display_name":"Formal Aspects of Computing","issn_l":"0934-5043","issn":["0934-5043","1433-299X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Formal Aspects of Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Quality Education","score":0.6200000047683716,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2052957797.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2052957797.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":27,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W8708537","https://openalex.org/W34543174","https://openalex.org/W1486021370","https://openalex.org/W1487405315","https://openalex.org/W1497373332","https://openalex.org/W1532283544","https://openalex.org/W1554765498","https://openalex.org/W1582720900","https://openalex.org/W1664455029","https://openalex.org/W1830954042","https://openalex.org/W1860834393","https://openalex.org/W1886596997","https://openalex.org/W1926460446","https://openalex.org/W1977237988","https://openalex.org/W2020034474","https://openalex.org/W2060910670","https://openalex.org/W2069865621","https://openalex.org/W2077491980","https://openalex.org/W2100004667","https://openalex.org/W2109197858","https://openalex.org/W2115309705","https://openalex.org/W2121163444","https://openalex.org/W2129384397","https://openalex.org/W2176300081","https://openalex.org/W2377395895","https://openalex.org/W3144368627","https://openalex.org/W4210886820"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2979791963","https://openalex.org/W1972265361","https://openalex.org/W2613578027","https://openalex.org/W2064101236","https://openalex.org/W2367121239","https://openalex.org/W2509736971","https://openalex.org/W3144660059","https://openalex.org/W3090430358","https://openalex.org/W1589249837","https://openalex.org/W2934116132"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"This":[1,75],"paper":[2],"defines":[3],"a":[4,8,53,66,84],"formal":[5],"semantics":[6,47,68,77],"for":[7,69],"subset":[9],"of":[10,21,33,40,61,86,92],"the":[11,37],"Unified":[12],"Modeling":[13],"Language":[14],"(UML).":[15],"It":[16],"shows":[17],"how":[18],"suitable":[19,59],"combinations":[20,60],"class,":[22],"object,":[23],"state,":[24],"and":[25,64,94],"sequence":[26],"diagrams":[27,62],"can":[28],"be":[29],"associated":[30],"with":[31],"patterns":[32],"interaction,":[34],"expressed":[35],"in":[36,73,79],"event":[38],"notation":[39],"Communicating":[41],"Sequential":[42],"Processes":[43],"(CSP).":[44],"The":[45],"diagram":[46],"is":[48,78],"then":[49],"extended":[50],"to":[51,55,82],"give":[52],"meaning":[54],"complete":[56],"models":[57,71],"\u2013":[58,63],"thus":[65],"concurrency":[67],"object":[70],"written":[72],"UML.":[74],"model":[76],"turn":[80],"used":[81],"define":[83],"theory":[85],"refinement,":[87],"based":[88],"upon":[89],"existing":[90],"notions":[91],"data":[93],"process":[95],"refinement.":[96]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-08-12T21:12:35.861297","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
