{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7128700302","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00146-026-02858-5","title":"Who lets AI take over? Cross-national variation in willingness to delegate socially important roles to artificial intelligence","display_name":"Who lets AI take over? Cross-national variation in willingness to delegate socially important roles to artificial intelligence","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-02-12","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7128700302","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00146-026-02858-5"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s00146-026-02858-5","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00146-026-02858-5","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00146-026-02858-5.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210190517","display_name":"AI & Society","issn_l":"0951-5666","issn":["0951-5666","1435-5655"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319965","host_organization_name":"Springer Nature","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"AI &amp; SOCIETY","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00146-026-02858-5.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021047216","display_name":"Ala Yankouskaya","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0794-0989"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9300472","display_name":"Bournemouth University","ror":"https://ror.org/05wwcw481","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9300472"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ala Yankouskaya","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Science and Technology, Bournemouth University, Poole, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Science and Technology, Bournemouth University, Poole, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9300472"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5121012449","display_name":"Mohamed Basel Almourad","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I91044093","display_name":"Zayed University","ror":"https://ror.org/03snqfa66","country_code":"AE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I91044093"]}],"countries":["AE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohamed Basel Almourad","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Technological Innovation, Zayed University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Technological Innovation, Zayed University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91044093"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5125696470","display_name":"Magnus Liebherr","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I62318514","display_name":"University of Duisburg-Essen","ror":"https://ror.org/04mz5ra38","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I62318514"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Magnus Liebherr","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty for Computer Science, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty for Computer Science, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I62318514"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5125730498","display_name":"Fahad Beyahi","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I185163786","display_name":"King Abdulaziz University","ror":"https://ror.org/02ma4wv74","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I185163786"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fahad Beyahi","raw_affiliation_strings":["King Abdulaziz Centre for World Culture, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"King Abdulaziz Centre for World Culture, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185163786"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5121938764","display_name":"Guandong Xu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210086892","display_name":"Education University of Hong Kong","ror":"https://ror.org/000t0f062","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210086892"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Guandong Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Research Facility of Data Science and Artificial Intelligence, Education University of Hong Kong, Tai Po, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Research Facility of Data Science and Artificial Intelligence, Education University of Hong Kong, Tai Po, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210086892"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088731268","display_name":"Raian Ali","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5285-7829"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210144839","display_name":"Hamad bin Khalifa University","ror":"https://ror.org/03eyq4y97","country_code":"QA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210144839"]}],"countries":["QA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Raian Ali","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Science and Engineering, Hamad bin Khalifa University, Doha, Qatar"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Science and Engineering, Hamad bin Khalifa University, Doha, Qatar","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210144839"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":6,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5021047216"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9300472"],"apc_list":{"value":2890,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2890},"apc_paid":{"value":2890,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2890},"fwci":38.2006,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9957251,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"41","issue":"6","first_page":"6151","last_page":"6169"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10883","display_name":"Ethics and Social Impacts of AI","score":0.15240000188350677,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3311","display_name":"Safety Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10883","display_name":"Ethics and Social Impacts of AI","score":0.15240000188350677,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3311","display_name":"Safety Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11636","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare and Education","score":0.1509999930858612,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2718","display_name":"Health Informatics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12128","display_name":"AI in Service Interactions","score":0.11869999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/delegate","display_name":"Delegate","score":0.8206999897956848},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognition","display_name":"Cognition","score":0.4878999888896942},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/delegation","display_name":"Delegation","score":0.4577000141143799},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/loneliness","display_name":"Loneliness","score":0.4277999997138977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-intelligence","display_name":"Social intelligence","score":0.42719998955726624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/variation","display_name":"Variation (astronomy)","score":0.39719998836517334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interpersonal-communication","display_name":"Interpersonal communication","score":0.3912000060081482},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hierarchy","display_name":"Hierarchy","score":0.361299991607666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distrust","display_name":"Distrust","score":0.3425000011920929}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C143273055","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2382794","display_name":"Delegate","level":2,"score":0.8206999897956848},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.6331999897956848},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.5776000022888184},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169900460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2200417","display_name":"Cognition","level":2,"score":0.4878999888896942},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86532276","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1184065","display_name":"Delegation","level":2,"score":0.4577000141143799},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779998236","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q223270","display_name":"Loneliness","level":2,"score":0.4277999997138977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45801056","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2273844","display_name":"Social intelligence","level":2,"score":0.42719998955726624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778334786","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1586270","display_name":"Variation (astronomy)","level":2,"score":0.39719998836517334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C164850336","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3685487","display_name":"Interpersonal communication","level":2,"score":0.3912000060081482},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180747234","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23373","display_name":"Cognitive psychology","level":1,"score":0.38670000433921814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31170391","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188619","display_name":"Hierarchy","level":2,"score":0.361299991607666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778321746","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q621922","display_name":"Distrust","level":2,"score":0.3425000011920929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134362201","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q317309","display_name":"Mental health","level":2,"score":0.3422999978065491},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776831358","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1150166","display_name":"Facilitator","level":2,"score":0.34139999747276306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776496909","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7313984","display_name":"Repertory grid","level":2,"score":0.329800009727478},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86658582","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1432778","display_name":"Social cognition","level":3,"score":0.328000009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C558461103","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q154430","display_name":"Anxiety","level":2,"score":0.3156000077724457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776325391","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6917865","display_name":"Motivated reasoning","level":3,"score":0.31279999017715454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75630572","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q538904","display_name":"Applied psychology","level":1,"score":0.30239999294281006},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C91034043","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q223642","display_name":"Interpersonal relationship","level":2,"score":0.296099990606308},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39549134","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133080","display_name":"Public relations","level":1,"score":0.2865999937057495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147598955","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3427818","display_name":"Social responsibility","level":2,"score":0.27959999442100525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779549880","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5542226","display_name":"PsycINFO","level":3,"score":0.26649999618530273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171022839","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5141199","display_name":"Cognitive complexity","level":3,"score":0.2572999894618988},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777267654","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3519023","display_name":"Test (biology)","level":2,"score":0.257099986076355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204017024","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q485446","display_name":"Optimism","level":2,"score":0.2542000114917755}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/s00146-026-02858-5","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00146-026-02858-5","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00146-026-02858-5.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210190517","display_name":"AI & Society","issn_l":"0951-5666","issn":["0951-5666","1435-5655"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319965","host_organization_name":"Springer Nature","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"AI &amp; SOCIETY","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s00146-026-02858-5","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00146-026-02858-5","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00146-026-02858-5.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210190517","display_name":"AI & Society","issn_l":"0951-5666","issn":["0951-5666","1435-5655"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319965","host_organization_name":"Springer Nature","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"AI &amp; SOCIETY","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/5","score":0.4733630120754242,"display_name":"Gender equality"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1427682224","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"# NPRP 14 C-0916\u2013210015","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334468","funder_display_name":"Qatar National Library"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334468","display_name":"Qatar National Library","ror":"https://ror.org/02jv93662"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7128700302.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":76,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1549054622","https://openalex.org/W1791587663","https://openalex.org/W1897139626","https://openalex.org/W1977617447","https://openalex.org/W2001307716","https://openalex.org/W2007445014","https://openalex.org/W2043705607","https://openalex.org/W2046828035","https://openalex.org/W2063052894","https://openalex.org/W2084335597","https://openalex.org/W2099697766","https://openalex.org/W2106237303","https://openalex.org/W2110171129","https://openalex.org/W2117152544","https://openalex.org/W2118502261","https://openalex.org/W2130337868","https://openalex.org/W2140359420","https://openalex.org/W2161411308","https://openalex.org/W2165522200","https://openalex.org/W2526501380","https://openalex.org/W2623779865","https://openalex.org/W2789632876","https://openalex.org/W2905136983","https://openalex.org/W2953522645","https://openalex.org/W2981686111","https://openalex.org/W2981863007","https://openalex.org/W2997468044","https://openalex.org/W3039187198","https://openalex.org/W3084130378","https://openalex.org/W3121529264","https://openalex.org/W3125633690","https://openalex.org/W3125770638","https://openalex.org/W3125976894","https://openalex.org/W3163822446","https://openalex.org/W3200588758","https://openalex.org/W4206710397","https://openalex.org/W4213417090","https://openalex.org/W4214667118","https://openalex.org/W4232929704","https://openalex.org/W4236413281","https://openalex.org/W4244058045","https://openalex.org/W4281754081","https://openalex.org/W4282920034","https://openalex.org/W4295439999","https://openalex.org/W4307846218","https://openalex.org/W4310296977","https://openalex.org/W4313451641","https://openalex.org/W4377136808","https://openalex.org/W4380373239","https://openalex.org/W4384120246","https://openalex.org/W4387409702","https://openalex.org/W4387670758","https://openalex.org/W4389347417","https://openalex.org/W4391140688","https://openalex.org/W4392467221","https://openalex.org/W4392799079","https://openalex.org/W4394875731","https://openalex.org/W4400891759","https://openalex.org/W4401634586","https://openalex.org/W4404725256","https://openalex.org/W4406564110","https://openalex.org/W4406703231","https://openalex.org/W4407637219","https://openalex.org/W4408167892","https://openalex.org/W4408894604","https://openalex.org/W4409122851","https://openalex.org/W4409790500","https://openalex.org/W4410432133","https://openalex.org/W4411047580","https://openalex.org/W4411902112","https://openalex.org/W4412627489","https://openalex.org/W4413062556","https://openalex.org/W4413332277","https://openalex.org/W4413568545","https://openalex.org/W4413955382","https://openalex.org/W6927166426"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"Delegating":[1],"socially":[2,60,208],"significant":[3],"roles":[4,62,210,236],"to":[5,35,45,58,71,73,89,148,156,206,211,237,252],"artificial":[6],"intelligence":[7],"(AI)":[8],"is":[9,15,233],"an":[10],"emerging":[11],"reality,":[12],"yet":[13],"little":[14],"known":[16],"about":[17],"how":[18,47],"publics":[19],"evaluate":[20],"this":[21],"transfer":[22],"of":[23,63,81,198,222],"responsibility":[24],"across":[25,115,158,173],"contexts":[26],"and":[27,52,69,96,120,140,143,168,170,175,217,227,246],"countries.":[28],"This":[29],"study":[30],"applied":[31],"a":[32,36,78,214,244,247],"structural":[33],"model":[34],"large":[37],"cross-national":[38],"dataset":[39],"(30,994":[40],"individuals":[41],"in":[42,106,138,166],"35":[43],"countries)":[44],"test":[46],"cognitive":[48,174,223],"appraisals,":[49,224],"affective":[50,176,225],"dispositions,":[51,226],"contextual":[53,228],"factors":[54],"jointly":[55],"shape":[56],"willingness":[57,205],"delegate":[59,157,207],"important":[61,209],"companionship,":[64],"mental":[65,141],"health":[66],"advisor,":[67,94],"doctor":[68],"teacher":[70],"children":[72],"AI.":[74],"The":[75],"results":[76],"revealed":[77],"robust":[79,215],"hierarchy":[80,216],"delegation":[82,137,235],"preferences,":[83],"with":[84,134,161],"companionship":[85],"most":[86,112],"frequently":[87],"entrusted":[88],"AI,":[90],"followed":[91],"by":[92,183],"mental-health":[93],"teacher,":[95],"doctor.":[97],"Cognitive":[98],"appraisals":[99],"emerged":[100],"as":[101,242],"the":[102,111,162,195,219,253],"strongest":[103],"predictors:":[104],"trust":[105],"online":[107],"information":[108],"was":[109],"consistently":[110],"powerful":[113],"driver":[114],"all":[116,159],"roles,":[117,133,160],"while":[118],"optimism":[119],"life":[121],"satisfaction":[122],"made":[123],"smaller":[124],"but":[125],"reliable":[126],"contributions.":[127],"Affective":[128],"dispositions":[129],"played":[130],"narrower,":[131],"domain-specific":[132],"anxiety":[135],"shaping":[136],"teaching":[139],"health,":[142],"loneliness":[144],"linked":[145],"only":[146],"weakly":[147],"companionship.":[149],"Women":[150],"were":[151],"less":[152],"willing":[153],"than":[154],"men":[155],"gender":[163],"gap":[164],"largest":[165],"medicine":[167],"education,":[169],"strikingly":[171],"invariant":[172],"predictors.":[177],"Beyond":[178],"these,":[179],"national":[180],"baselines":[181],"diverged":[182],"nearly":[184],"30":[185],"percentage":[186],"points":[187],"even":[188],"after":[189],"adjusting":[190],"for":[191],"these":[192,256],"predictors":[193],"demonstrating":[194],"independent":[196],"influence":[197,221],"country":[199],"context.":[200],"Our":[201],"findings":[202],"show":[203],"that":[204,234],"AI":[212,238],"follows":[213],"reflects":[218],"combined":[220],"factors.":[229],"A":[230],"key":[231],"implication":[232],"must":[239],"be":[240],"understood":[241],"both":[243],"personal":[245],"societal":[248],"orientation,":[249],"requiring":[250],"attention":[251],"interplay":[254],"between":[255],"layers.":[257]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-07-23T08:03:31.855105","created_date":"2026-02-13T00:00:00"}
