{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4414974257","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00146-025-02657-4","title":"AI-driven nudges: unpacking and challenging the issue of political opacity","display_name":"AI-driven nudges: unpacking and challenging the issue of political opacity","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-10-09","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4414974257","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00146-025-02657-4"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s00146-025-02657-4","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00146-025-02657-4","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210190517","display_name":"AI & Society","issn_l":"0951-5666","issn":["0951-5666","1435-5655"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319965","host_organization_name":"Springer Nature","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"AI &amp; SOCIETY","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040092834","display_name":"Stefano Calboli","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2738-250X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99682543","display_name":"University of Minho","ror":"https://ror.org/037wpkx04","country_code":"PT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99682543"]}],"countries":["PT"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Stefano Calboli","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre for Ethics, Politics and Society - University of Minho, Braga, Portugal"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for Ethics, Politics and Society - University of Minho, Braga, Portugal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99682543"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5040092834"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99682543"],"apc_list":{"value":2290,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":2890},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.26458211,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"41","issue":"3","first_page":"2657","last_page":"2667"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10883","display_name":"Ethics and Social Impacts of AI","score":0.9758999943733215,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3311","display_name":"Safety Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10883","display_name":"Ethics and Social Impacts of AI","score":0.9758999943733215,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3311","display_name":"Safety Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12617","display_name":"Energy, Environment, and Transportation Policies","score":0.963699996471405,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2105","display_name":"Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/21","display_name":"Energy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12501","display_name":"Digital Economy and Work Transformation","score":0.9628999829292297,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scrutiny","display_name":"Scrutiny","score":0.9333000183105469},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/politics","display_name":"Politics","score":0.6944000124931335},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/enthusiasm","display_name":"Enthusiasm","score":0.6712999939918518},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transparency","display_name":"Transparency (behavior)","score":0.5547000169754028},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nudge-theory","display_name":"Nudge theory","score":0.5268999934196472},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mainstream","display_name":"Mainstream","score":0.4246000051498413},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/public-reason","display_name":"Public reason","score":0.40400001406669617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/unpacking","display_name":"Unpacking","score":0.3977999985218048}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776050585","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7439360","display_name":"Scrutiny","level":2,"score":0.9333000183105469},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.6944000124931335},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781354396","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q840407","display_name":"Enthusiasm","level":2,"score":0.6712999939918518},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780233690","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q535347","display_name":"Transparency (behavior)","level":2,"score":0.5547000169754028},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8858961","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7068367","display_name":"Nudge theory","level":2,"score":0.5268999934196472},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.43209999799728394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777617010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18957","display_name":"Mainstream","level":2,"score":0.4246000051498413},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39549134","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133080","display_name":"Public relations","level":1,"score":0.41339999437332153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776791371","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2573340","display_name":"Public reason","level":4,"score":0.40400001406669617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777256151","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7897273","display_name":"Unpacking","level":2,"score":0.3977999985218048},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.3822000026702881},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134698397","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17946","display_name":"Public opinion","level":3,"score":0.362199991941452},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.3280999958515167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C109986646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q546113","display_name":"Public policy","level":2,"score":0.320499986410141},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118084267","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26110","display_name":"Positive economics","level":1,"score":0.3181999921798706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166052673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83021","display_name":"Empirical evidence","level":2,"score":0.31349998712539673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190253527","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q295354","display_name":"Law and economics","level":1,"score":0.30889999866485596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778496695","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q254128","display_name":"Dilemma","level":2,"score":0.30250000953674316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779978724","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1436482","display_name":"Worry","level":3,"score":0.2973000109195709},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C25343380","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q277521","display_name":"Relation (database)","level":2,"score":0.289900004863739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.2827000021934509},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79841651","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179805","display_name":"Political philosophy","level":3,"score":0.28110000491142273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776325391","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6917865","display_name":"Motivated reasoning","level":3,"score":0.27799999713897705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.26330000162124634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C67597806","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15407657","display_name":"Layperson","level":2,"score":0.2624000012874603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95124753","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q875686","display_name":"Environmental ethics","level":1,"score":0.2597000002861023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110099512","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q59115","display_name":"Philosophy of science","level":2,"score":0.25619998574256897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.2517000138759613}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/s00146-025-02657-4","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00146-025-02657-4","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210190517","display_name":"AI & Society","issn_l":"0951-5666","issn":["0951-5666","1435-5655"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319965","host_organization_name":"Springer Nature","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"AI &amp; SOCIETY","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":29,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W25582926","https://openalex.org/W1987623491","https://openalex.org/W2008251417","https://openalex.org/W2143389784","https://openalex.org/W2396457900","https://openalex.org/W2528823823","https://openalex.org/W2914484926","https://openalex.org/W2981731882","https://openalex.org/W2997538572","https://openalex.org/W3023695158","https://openalex.org/W3115902555","https://openalex.org/W3119481802","https://openalex.org/W3210424426","https://openalex.org/W4206456963","https://openalex.org/W4213114765","https://openalex.org/W4252738080","https://openalex.org/W4283159605","https://openalex.org/W4318567293","https://openalex.org/W4362581155","https://openalex.org/W4386246985","https://openalex.org/W4392618193","https://openalex.org/W4392760804","https://openalex.org/W4400464444","https://openalex.org/W4401202647","https://openalex.org/W4401537241","https://openalex.org/W4409001031","https://openalex.org/W4409558999","https://openalex.org/W4410859133","https://openalex.org/W4411505408"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-04-23T06:14:38.165362","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
