{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4406778798","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00146-024-02169-7","title":"What machines shouldn\u2019t do","display_name":"What machines shouldn\u2019t do","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-01-23","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4406778798","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00146-024-02169-7"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s00146-024-02169-7","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00146-024-02169-7","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00146-024-02169-7.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210190517","display_name":"AI & Society","issn_l":"0951-5666","issn":["0951-5666","1435-5655"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319965","host_organization_name":"Springer Nature","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"AI &amp; SOCIETY","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00146-024-02169-7.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029323018","display_name":"Scott Robbins","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5338-295X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I135140700","display_name":"University of Bonn","ror":"https://ror.org/041nas322","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I135140700"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Scott Robbins","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Bonn, CASSIS, Bonn, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5338-295X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Bonn, CASSIS, Bonn, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I135140700"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5029323018"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I135140700"],"apc_list":{"value":2290,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":2890},"apc_paid":{"value":2290,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":2890},"fwci":11.168,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":8,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98005421,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"40","issue":"5","first_page":"4093","last_page":"4104"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12026","display_name":"Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI)","score":0.9932000041007996,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12026","display_name":"Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI)","score":0.9932000041007996,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10883","display_name":"Ethics and Social Impacts of AI","score":0.9886999726295471,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3311","display_name":"Safety Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11636","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare and Education","score":0.9635000228881836,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2718","display_name":"Health Informatics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/performing-arts","display_name":"Performing arts","score":0.5611685514450073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.445669949054718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/art","display_name":"Art","score":0.15617966651916504},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/visual-arts","display_name":"Visual arts","score":0.12897688150405884}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163286209","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q184485","display_name":"Performing arts","level":2,"score":0.5611685514450073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.445669949054718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142362112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q735","display_name":"Art","level":0,"score":0.15617966651916504},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153349607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36649","display_name":"Visual arts","level":1,"score":0.12897688150405884}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/s00146-024-02169-7","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00146-024-02169-7","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00146-024-02169-7.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210190517","display_name":"AI & Society","issn_l":"0951-5666","issn":["0951-5666","1435-5655"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319965","host_organization_name":"Springer Nature","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"AI &amp; SOCIETY","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s00146-024-02169-7","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00146-024-02169-7","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00146-024-02169-7.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210190517","display_name":"AI & Society","issn_l":"0951-5666","issn":["0951-5666","1435-5655"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319965","host_organization_name":"Springer Nature","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"AI &amp; SOCIETY","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324900","display_name":"Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universit\u00e4t Bonn","ror":"https://ror.org/041nas322"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4406778798.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4406778798.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":29,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W175184045","https://openalex.org/W1879614421","https://openalex.org/W2029490956","https://openalex.org/W2035277866","https://openalex.org/W2074606570","https://openalex.org/W2081011876","https://openalex.org/W2097091547","https://openalex.org/W2102595860","https://openalex.org/W2123791568","https://openalex.org/W2193754672","https://openalex.org/W2565840370","https://openalex.org/W2617394612","https://openalex.org/W2618694529","https://openalex.org/W2792435043","https://openalex.org/W2792732529","https://openalex.org/W2891503716","https://openalex.org/W2902634493","https://openalex.org/W2915292867","https://openalex.org/W2924570939","https://openalex.org/W2936395433","https://openalex.org/W2980460182","https://openalex.org/W3195523531","https://openalex.org/W4220820301","https://openalex.org/W4240224338","https://openalex.org/W4280519765","https://openalex.org/W4282040792","https://openalex.org/W4385200370","https://openalex.org/W4385507363","https://openalex.org/W4402774799"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2158488214","https://openalex.org/W2036035404","https://openalex.org/W2886310615","https://openalex.org/W2356346261","https://openalex.org/W2353866318","https://openalex.org/W2478778511","https://openalex.org/W3196630210"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"Meaningful":[1],"human":[2],"control":[3],"(MHC)":[4],"is":[5,81,98,122,144],"increasingly":[6],"becoming":[7],"an":[8],"important":[9,51,124,146],"topic":[10],"in":[11,29,64,163],"AI":[12,194],"ethics":[13],"beyond":[14],"the":[15,36,50,65,73,79,91,151,185],"domain":[16],"of":[17,54,206],"autonomous":[18],"weapons":[19],"systems.":[20],"MHC":[21,41,97],"has":[22],"been":[23],"conceptualized,":[24],"analyzed,":[25],"and":[26,59],"applied.":[27],"However,":[28],"this":[30],"article,":[31],"I":[32,101],"show":[33],"how":[34,139],"all":[35],"current":[37],"attempts":[38],"at":[39],"realizing":[40],"have":[42,47,76,88,128,150,203],"fallen":[43],"short":[44],"because":[45,125,147],"we":[46,75,87,112,202],"not":[48,61,106,114,161],"taken":[49],"first":[52,66,70],"step":[53],"deciding":[55],"what":[56],"machines":[57,104,126,148,159],"should":[58,60,105,113,160],"be":[62,107,115,132,162,174],"doing":[63],"place.":[67],"We":[68,136],"must":[69],"ensure":[71,95],"that":[72,96,103,110,127],"output":[74],"delegated":[77],"to":[78,89,94,119,155,166,188],"machine":[80],"appropriate":[82],"\u2013":[83,109,170,200],"only":[84],"then":[85],"do":[86,90],"work":[92],"required":[93,154],"realized.":[99],"Here,":[100],"argue":[102],"evaluating":[108,207],"is,":[111],"delegating":[116],"evaluative":[117,129,209],"outputs":[118,130],"machines.":[120],"This":[121,143],"practically":[123],"cannot":[131,195],"evaluated":[133],"for":[134],"efficacy.":[135],"can\u2019t":[137],"say":[138],"effective":[140],"they":[141,172,176],"are.":[142],"ethically":[145],"don\u2019t":[149],"moral":[152],"agency":[153],"make":[156],"evaluations.":[157],"Furthermore,":[158],"a":[164,190],"position":[165],"change":[167],"our":[168],"values":[169],"which":[171],"would":[173],"if":[175],"were":[177],"evaluating.":[178],"Finally,":[179],"evaluations":[180],"are":[181],"judged":[182],"based":[183],"on":[184],"considerations":[186,199],"used":[187],"reach":[189],"particular":[191],"judgment.":[192],"Contemporary":[193],"provide":[196],"these":[197],"justifying":[198],"so":[201],"no":[204],"way":[205],"their":[208],"outputs.":[210]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-06-13T06:13:01.061226","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
