{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4403051635","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00146-024-02059-y","title":"Twenty-four years of empirical research on trust in AI: a bibliometric review of trends, overlooked issues, and future directions","display_name":"Twenty-four years of empirical research on trust in AI: a bibliometric review of trends, overlooked issues, and future directions","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-10-02","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4403051635","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00146-024-02059-y"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s00146-024-02059-y","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00146-024-02059-y","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00146-024-02059-y.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210190517","display_name":"AI & Society","issn_l":"0951-5666","issn":["0951-5666","1435-5655"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319965","host_organization_name":"Springer Nature","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"AI &amp; SOCIETY","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"review","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00146-024-02059-y.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003642745","display_name":"Michaela Benk","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8171-320X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I35440088","display_name":"ETH Zurich","ror":"https://ror.org/05a28rw58","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799323385","https://openalex.org/I35440088"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Michaela Benk","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Management, Technology, and Economics, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland","Mobiliar Lab for Analytics, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Management, Technology, and Economics, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I35440088"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Mobiliar Lab for Analytics, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I35440088"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068087422","display_name":"Sophie Kerstan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0805-6485"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I35440088","display_name":"ETH Zurich","ror":"https://ror.org/05a28rw58","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799323385","https://openalex.org/I35440088"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sophie Kerstan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Management, Technology, and Economics, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Management, Technology, and Economics, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I35440088"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060761466","display_name":"Florian von Wangenheim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3964-2353"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I35440088","display_name":"ETH Zurich","ror":"https://ror.org/05a28rw58","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799323385","https://openalex.org/I35440088"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Florian von Wangenheim","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Management, Technology, and Economics, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Management, Technology, and Economics, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I35440088"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057722785","display_name":"Andrea Ferrario","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9968-9474"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I202697423","display_name":"University of Zurich","ror":"https://ror.org/02crff812","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I202697423"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I35440088","display_name":"ETH Zurich","ror":"https://ror.org/05a28rw58","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799323385","https://openalex.org/I35440088"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Andrea Ferrario","raw_affiliation_strings":["ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland","Institute of Biomedical Ethics and History of Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I35440088"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Biomedical Ethics and History of Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I202697423"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5003642745"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I35440088"],"apc_list":{"value":2290,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":2890},"apc_paid":{"value":2290,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":2890},"fwci":20.8901,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":40,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99414925,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"40","issue":"4","first_page":"2083","last_page":"2106"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10883","display_name":"Ethics and Social Impacts of AI","score":0.9923999905586243,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3311","display_name":"Safety Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10883","display_name":"Ethics and Social Impacts of AI","score":0.9923999905586243,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3311","display_name":"Safety Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10525","display_name":"Human-Automation Interaction and Safety","score":0.9592000246047974,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11636","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare and Education","score":0.9358000159263611,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2718","display_name":"Health Informatics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/empirical-research","display_name":"Empirical research","score":0.5057878494262695},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/performing-arts","display_name":"Performing arts","score":0.46513810753822327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bibliometrics","display_name":"Bibliometrics","score":0.4648607671260834},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-science","display_name":"Data science","score":0.4025297164916992},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/regional-science","display_name":"Regional science","score":0.3973424434661865},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sociology","display_name":"Sociology","score":0.36063462495803833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/management-science","display_name":"Management science","score":0.34713393449783325},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.3254905939102173},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.31534257531166077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.3132860064506531},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/library-science","display_name":"Library science","score":0.19182395935058594},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/epistemology","display_name":"Epistemology","score":0.19051995873451233},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/art","display_name":"Art","score":0.06310456991195679},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/philosophy","display_name":"Philosophy","score":0.06302165985107422},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/visual-arts","display_name":"Visual arts","score":0.061772316694259644}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120936955","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2155640","display_name":"Empirical research","level":2,"score":0.5057878494262695},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163286209","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q184485","display_name":"Performing arts","level":2,"score":0.46513810753822327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178315738","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q603441","display_name":"Bibliometrics","level":2,"score":0.4648607671260834},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.4025297164916992},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148383697","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1781695","display_name":"Regional science","level":1,"score":0.3973424434661865},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.36063462495803833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C539667460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2414942","display_name":"Management science","level":1,"score":0.34713393449783325},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.3254905939102173},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.31534257531166077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.3132860064506531},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161191863","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199655","display_name":"Library science","level":1,"score":0.19182395935058594},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.19051995873451233},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142362112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q735","display_name":"Art","level":0,"score":0.06310456991195679},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.06302165985107422},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153349607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36649","display_name":"Visual arts","level":1,"score":0.061772316694259644}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/s00146-024-02059-y","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00146-024-02059-y","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00146-024-02059-y.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210190517","display_name":"AI & Society","issn_l":"0951-5666","issn":["0951-5666","1435-5655"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319965","host_organization_name":"Springer Nature","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"AI &amp; SOCIETY","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:doi:10.5167/uzh-269439","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":null,"pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4406922384","display_name":"Open MIND","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:freidok.uni-freiburg.de:272848","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://freidok.uni-freiburg.de/data/272848","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401057","display_name":"FreiDok plus (Universit\u00e4tsbibliothek Freiburg)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I161046081","host_organization_name":"University of Freiburg","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I161046081"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"AI & society. - 40, 4 (2025) , 2083-2106, ISSN: 1435-5655","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s00146-024-02059-y","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00146-024-02059-y","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00146-024-02059-y.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210190517","display_name":"AI & Society","issn_l":"0951-5666","issn":["0951-5666","1435-5655"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319965","host_organization_name":"Springer Nature","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"AI &amp; SOCIETY","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321652","display_name":"Eidgen\u00f6ssische Technische Hochschule Z\u00fcrich","ror":"https://ror.org/05a28rw58"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4403051635.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":122,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1119960297","https://openalex.org/W1708393801","https://openalex.org/W1791587663","https://openalex.org/W1847618513","https://openalex.org/W1872161261","https://openalex.org/W1965746216","https://openalex.org/W1969949383","https://openalex.org/W1976862272","https://openalex.org/W1983733512","https://openalex.org/W1994107697","https://openalex.org/W1995445252","https://openalex.org/W2010158189","https://openalex.org/W2031449478","https://openalex.org/W2031635855","https://openalex.org/W2032568497","https://openalex.org/W2037881738","https://openalex.org/W2041128263","https://openalex.org/W2044140042","https://openalex.org/W2063052894","https://openalex.org/W2071119603","https://openalex.org/W2084715379","https://openalex.org/W2095953405","https://openalex.org/W2104999980","https://openalex.org/W2106467926","https://openalex.org/W2110466318","https://openalex.org/W2125286702","https://openalex.org/W2128438887","https://openalex.org/W2135907989","https://openalex.org/W2143074722","https://openalex.org/W2150220236","https://openalex.org/W2154423338","https://openalex.org/W2156897926","https://openalex.org/W2162408846","https://openalex.org/W2167984346","https://openalex.org/W2282821441","https://openalex.org/W2286247980","https://openalex.org/W2295029210","https://openalex.org/W2321972046","https://openalex.org/W2504230867","https://openalex.org/W2519060614","https://openalex.org/W2553573893","https://openalex.org/W2583730661","https://openalex.org/W2588822410","https://openalex.org/W2594678573","https://openalex.org/W2755950973","https://openalex.org/W2780452368","https://openalex.org/W2890753590","https://openalex.org/W2891890513","https://openalex.org/W2904509457","https://openalex.org/W2913360216","https://openalex.org/W2918341242","https://openalex.org/W2922587475","https://openalex.org/W2933971837","https://openalex.org/W2942157335","https://openalex.org/W2953522645","https://openalex.org/W2963095307","https://openalex.org/W2963724987","https://openalex.org/W2964154075","https://openalex.org/W2968007757","https://openalex.org/W2981380018","https://openalex.org/W2981602967","https://openalex.org/W2982471526","https://openalex.org/W2999637955","https://openalex.org/W3001062618","https://openalex.org/W3004158152","https://openalex.org/W3005144120","https://openalex.org/W3009578469","https://openalex.org/W3009894005","https://openalex.org/W3013998503","https://openalex.org/W3016099278","https://openalex.org/W3039207898","https://openalex.org/W3040789696","https://openalex.org/W3042493666","https://openalex.org/W3044610131","https://openalex.org/W3085789143","https://openalex.org/W3093033010","https://openalex.org/W3097001800","https://openalex.org/W3101792976","https://openalex.org/W3103751997","https://openalex.org/W3104205004","https://openalex.org/W3116890626","https://openalex.org/W3121705224","https://openalex.org/W3121787084","https://openalex.org/W3124654436","https://openalex.org/W3127032480","https://openalex.org/W3128893582","https://openalex.org/W3131794706","https://openalex.org/W3132244519","https://openalex.org/W3133561363","https://openalex.org/W3134111219","https://openalex.org/W3134203054","https://openalex.org/W3146142859","https://openalex.org/W3150778347","https://openalex.org/W3158836591","https://openalex.org/W3159250634","https://openalex.org/W3162614376","https://openalex.org/W3202183072","https://openalex.org/W3207598588","https://openalex.org/W3209873246","https://openalex.org/W3213283440","https://openalex.org/W4205561327","https://openalex.org/W4205804754","https://openalex.org/W4225105901","https://openalex.org/W4230402357","https://openalex.org/W4243342770","https://openalex.org/W4248588746","https://openalex.org/W4283169618","https://openalex.org/W4283588026","https://openalex.org/W4285293648","https://openalex.org/W4296230867","https://openalex.org/W4307570589","https://openalex.org/W4316041870","https://openalex.org/W4317513928","https://openalex.org/W4319299406","https://openalex.org/W4366527500","https://openalex.org/W4378083489","https://openalex.org/W4380320348","https://openalex.org/W4381189853","https://openalex.org/W4384663237","https://openalex.org/W4386123341","https://openalex.org/W4386857282","https://openalex.org/W4394811303"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4386031268","https://openalex.org/W2158488214","https://openalex.org/W2036035404","https://openalex.org/W2886310615","https://openalex.org/W2125982917","https://openalex.org/W2294191624","https://openalex.org/W2356346261","https://openalex.org/W2885845152","https://openalex.org/W2353866318","https://openalex.org/W4386651600"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"Trust":[1],"is":[2],"widely":[3],"regarded":[4],"as":[5],"a":[6,61,67,112,119],"critical":[7],"component":[8],"to":[9,29,102],"building":[10],"artificial":[11],"intelligence":[12],"(AI)":[13],"systems":[14],"that":[15,34,132],"people":[16],"will":[17],"use":[18],"and":[19,42,86,118],"safely":[20],"rely":[21],"upon.":[22],"As":[23],"research":[24,36,77,130],"in":[25,80,98,105,110,142],"this":[26,57],"area":[27],"continues":[28],"evolve,":[30],"it":[31],"becomes":[32],"imperative":[33],"the":[35,45,53,99,128],"community":[37,131],"synchronizes":[38],"its":[39],"empirical":[40,76,129],"efforts":[41],"aligns":[43],"on":[44,108,121],"path":[46],"toward":[47,55],"effective":[48],"knowledge":[49],"creation.":[50],"To":[51],"lay":[52],"groundwork":[54],"achieving":[56],"objective,":[58],"we":[59],"performed":[60],"comprehensive":[62],"bibliometric":[63],"analysis,":[64],"supplemented":[65],"with":[66],"qualitative":[68],"content":[69],"analysis":[70,94],"of":[71,75,114,140],"over":[72],"two":[73],"decades":[74],"measuring":[78],"trust":[79,109,141],"AI,":[81,111],"comprising":[82],"1\u2019156":[83],"core":[84],"articles":[85,89],"36\u2019306":[87],"cited":[88],"across":[90],"multiple":[91],"disciplines.":[92],"Our":[93],"reveals":[95],"several":[96],"\u201celephants":[97],"room\u201d":[100],"pertaining":[101],"missing":[103],"perspectives":[104],"global":[106],"discussions":[107],"lack":[113],"contextualized":[115],"theoretical":[116],"models":[117],"reliance":[120],"exploratory":[122],"methodologies.":[123],"We":[124],"highlight":[125],"strategies":[126],"for":[127],"are":[133],"aimed":[134],"at":[135],"fostering":[136],"an":[137],"in-depth":[138],"understanding":[139],"AI.":[143]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":30}],"updated_date":"2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488","created_date":"2024-10-02T00:00:00"}
