{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4387573556","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00146-023-01789-9","title":"Keep trusting! A plea for the notion of Trustworthy AI","display_name":"Keep trusting! A plea for the notion of Trustworthy AI","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-10-12","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4387573556","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00146-023-01789-9"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s00146-023-01789-9","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00146-023-01789-9","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00146-023-01789-9.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210190517","display_name":"AI & Society","issn_l":"0951-5666","issn":["0951-5666","1435-5655"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319965","host_organization_name":"Springer Nature","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"AI &amp; SOCIETY","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00146-023-01789-9.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054174545","display_name":"Giacomo Zanotti","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9898-4113"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I93860229","display_name":"Politecnico di Milano","ror":"https://ror.org/01nffqt88","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I93860229"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Giacomo Zanotti","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronics, Information and Bioengineering, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronics, Information and Bioengineering, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I93860229"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047644454","display_name":"Mattia Petrolo","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I141596103","display_name":"University of Lisbon","ror":"https://ror.org/01c27hj86","country_code":"PT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141596103"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I71715416","display_name":"Universidade Federal do ABC","ror":"https://ror.org/028kg9j04","country_code":"BR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I71715416"]}],"countries":["BR","PT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mattia Petrolo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre for Philosophy of Science of the University of Lisbon (CFCUL), Campo Grande, Building C4 1749-016, Lisbon, Portugal","Federal University of ABC, Alameda da Universidade, s/n 09606-045, S\u00e3o Bernardo Do Campo, SP, Brazil"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for Philosophy of Science of the University of Lisbon (CFCUL), Campo Grande, Building C4 1749-016, Lisbon, Portugal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141596103"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Federal University of ABC, Alameda da Universidade, s/n 09606-045, S\u00e3o Bernardo Do Campo, SP, Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I71715416"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053007340","display_name":"Daniele Chiffi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5487-8244"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I93860229","display_name":"Politecnico di Milano","ror":"https://ror.org/01nffqt88","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I93860229"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Daniele Chiffi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Architecture and Urban Studies, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Architecture and Urban Studies, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I93860229"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067908103","display_name":"Viola Schiaffonati","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9127-6165"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I93860229","display_name":"Politecnico di Milano","ror":"https://ror.org/01nffqt88","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I93860229"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Viola Schiaffonati","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronics, Information and Bioengineering, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9127-6165","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronics, Information and Bioengineering, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I93860229"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5054174545","https://openalex.org/A5067908103"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I93860229"],"apc_list":{"value":2890,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2890},"apc_paid":{"value":2890,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2890},"fwci":5.9891,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":28,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97048642,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"39","issue":"6","first_page":"2691","last_page":"2702"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10883","display_name":"Ethics and Social Impacts of AI","score":0.996399998664856,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3311","display_name":"Safety Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10883","display_name":"Ethics and Social Impacts of AI","score":0.996399998664856,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3311","display_name":"Safety Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11636","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare and Education","score":0.9884999990463257,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2718","display_name":"Health Informatics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11689","display_name":"Adversarial Robustness in Machine Learning","score":0.9807000160217285,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/goodwill","display_name":"Goodwill","score":0.6868272423744202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/plea","display_name":"Plea","score":0.660355269908905},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/trustworthiness","display_name":"Trustworthiness","score":0.6097120642662048},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/express-trust","display_name":"Express trust","score":0.6091695427894592},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5417478680610657},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/epistemology","display_name":"Epistemology","score":0.5253645181655884},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interpersonal-communication","display_name":"Interpersonal communication","score":0.46673616766929626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/value","display_name":"Value (mathematics)","score":0.4338303804397583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sociology","display_name":"Sociology","score":0.34327399730682373},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.3204226493835449},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-psychology","display_name":"Social psychology","score":0.26786279678344727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internet-privacy","display_name":"Internet privacy","score":0.17263364791870117},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/public-relations","display_name":"Public relations","score":0.1697886884212494},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/political-science","display_name":"Political science","score":0.12802359461784363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/business","display_name":"Business","score":0.1261000633239746},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/law","display_name":"Law","score":0.12509313225746155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/philosophy","display_name":"Philosophy","score":0.09081974625587463}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778860618","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q157499","display_name":"Goodwill","level":2,"score":0.6868272423744202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777886440","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15916459","display_name":"Plea","level":2,"score":0.660355269908905},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153701036","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q659974","display_name":"Trustworthiness","level":2,"score":0.6097120642662048},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76144217","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5421695","display_name":"Express trust","level":2,"score":0.6091695427894592},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5417478680610657},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.5253645181655884},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C164850336","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3685487","display_name":"Interpersonal communication","level":2,"score":0.46673616766929626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776291640","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2912517","display_name":"Value (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.4338303804397583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.34327399730682373},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.3204226493835449},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.26786279678344727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108827166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175975","display_name":"Internet privacy","level":1,"score":0.17263364791870117},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39549134","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133080","display_name":"Public relations","level":1,"score":0.1697886884212494},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.12802359461784363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.1261000633239746},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.12509313225746155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.09081974625587463},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/s00146-023-01789-9","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00146-023-01789-9","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00146-023-01789-9.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210190517","display_name":"AI & Society","issn_l":"0951-5666","issn":["0951-5666","1435-5655"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319965","host_organization_name":"Springer Nature","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"AI &amp; SOCIETY","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:re.public.polimi.it:11311/1252561","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/11311/1252561","pdf_url":"https://re.public.polimi.it/bitstream/11311/1252561/1/Keep_Trusting.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400312","display_name":"Virtual Community of Pathological Anatomy (University of Castilla La Mancha)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I79189158","host_organization_name":"University of Castilla-La Mancha","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79189158"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s00146-023-01789-9","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00146-023-01789-9","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00146-023-01789-9.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210190517","display_name":"AI & Society","issn_l":"0951-5666","issn":["0951-5666","1435-5655"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319965","host_organization_name":"Springer Nature","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"AI &amp; SOCIETY","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.5699999928474426,"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1883906068","display_name":"Center for Philosophy of Sciences of the University of Lisbon","funder_award_id":"UIDP/00678/2020","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334779","funder_display_name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3625924492","display_name":"Center for Philosophy of Sciences of the University of Lisbon","funder_award_id":"UIDB/00678/2020","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334779","funder_display_name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6093983034","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"PRIN2020 2020SSKZ7R","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321873","funder_display_name":"Ministero dell\u2019Istruzione, dell\u2019Universit\u00e0 e della Ricerca"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321873","display_name":"Ministero dell\u2019Istruzione, dell\u2019Universit\u00e0 e della Ricerca","ror":"https://ror.org/0166hxq48"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324039","display_name":"Politecnico di Milano","ror":"https://ror.org/01nffqt88"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334779","display_name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia","ror":"https://ror.org/00snfqn58"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4387573556.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":42,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1485851585","https://openalex.org/W1492043831","https://openalex.org/W1574100564","https://openalex.org/W1996117481","https://openalex.org/W2000382281","https://openalex.org/W2048412947","https://openalex.org/W2058583438","https://openalex.org/W2075985765","https://openalex.org/W2112880115","https://openalex.org/W2143063108","https://openalex.org/W2143074722","https://openalex.org/W2324341692","https://openalex.org/W2544239478","https://openalex.org/W2581082771","https://openalex.org/W2886283492","https://openalex.org/W2898854870","https://openalex.org/W2901051742","https://openalex.org/W2908201961","https://openalex.org/W2951878862","https://openalex.org/W2981602967","https://openalex.org/W2990021683","https://openalex.org/W2997468044","https://openalex.org/W3011482522","https://openalex.org/W3013872196","https://openalex.org/W3033094275","https://openalex.org/W3034281288","https://openalex.org/W3035759734","https://openalex.org/W3045297226","https://openalex.org/W3103795588","https://openalex.org/W3106934919","https://openalex.org/W3125770638","https://openalex.org/W3130244078","https://openalex.org/W3136000444","https://openalex.org/W3170495160","https://openalex.org/W4210456857","https://openalex.org/W4224236504","https://openalex.org/W4283034984","https://openalex.org/W4283588026","https://openalex.org/W4290852327","https://openalex.org/W4292223708","https://openalex.org/W4316881865","https://openalex.org/W6778883912"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2014032021","https://openalex.org/W2036621849","https://openalex.org/W2367953796","https://openalex.org/W4388558304","https://openalex.org/W2127044499","https://openalex.org/W1563823494","https://openalex.org/W2053153894","https://openalex.org/W3125205738","https://openalex.org/W2099936672","https://openalex.org/W3123708469"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"A":[1,35],"lot":[2],"of":[3,12,20,23,39,62,71,80,103,108,116,119],"attention":[4],"has":[5,30,54],"recently":[6],"been":[7,31,55],"devoted":[8],"to":[9,27,94,136],"the":[10,17,21,44,60,63,69,81,86,97,104,117],"notion":[11,70,118],"Trustworthy":[13],"AI":[14,28,92,109,137,146],"(TAI).":[15],"However,":[16],"very":[18],"applicability":[19],"notions":[22,152],"trust":[24,40,90,133,144],"and":[25,48,66,91,100,106,111,134,148],"trustworthiness":[26,135],"systems":[29,138,147],"called":[32],"into":[33],"question.":[34],"purely":[36],"epistemic":[37],"account":[38,95],"can":[41],"hardly":[42],"ground":[43],"distinction":[45],"between":[46],"trustworthy":[47],"merely":[49],"reliable":[50],"AI,":[51],"while":[52],"it":[53],"argued":[56],"that":[57,85,121],"insisting":[58],"on":[59,89],"importance":[61],"trustee\u2019s":[64],"motivations":[65],"goodwill":[67],"makes":[68],"TAI":[72,120],"a":[73,154],"categorical":[74],"error.":[75],"After":[76],"providing":[77],"an":[78,114],"overview":[79],"debate,":[82],"we":[83,112],"contend":[84],"prevailing":[87],"views":[88],"fail":[93],"for":[96],"ethically":[98],"relevant":[99],"value-laden":[101],"aspects":[102],"design":[105],"use":[107],"systems,":[110],"propose":[113],"understanding":[115],"explicitly":[122],"aims":[123],"at":[124],"capturing":[125],"these":[126],"aspects.":[127],"The":[128],"problems":[129],"involved":[130],"in":[131,145],"applying":[132],"are":[139],"overcome":[140],"by":[141],"keeping":[142],"apart":[143],"interpersonal":[149],"trust.":[150],"These":[151],"share":[153],"conceptual":[155],"core":[156],"but":[157],"should":[158],"be":[159],"treated":[160],"as":[161],"distinct":[162],"ones.":[163]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":9}],"updated_date":"2026-08-05T07:39:15.569665","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
