{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4309637331","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00146-022-01585-x","title":"Omission and commission errors underlying AI failures","display_name":"Omission and commission errors underlying AI failures","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-11-17","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4309637331","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00146-022-01585-x","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36415822"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s00146-022-01585-x","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00146-022-01585-x","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00146-022-01585-x.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210190517","display_name":"AI & Society","issn_l":"0951-5666","issn":["0951-5666","1435-5655"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319965","host_organization_name":"Springer Nature","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"public-domain","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/public-domain","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"AI &amp; SOCIETY","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00146-022-01585-x.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009154783","display_name":"Sasanka Sekhar Chanda","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I33003672","display_name":"Indian Institute of Management Indore","ror":"https://ror.org/02j8pmw82","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I33003672"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Sasanka Sekhar Chanda","raw_affiliation_strings":["Strategic Management, Indian Institute of Management Indore, C101 Acad Block IIM Indore, Rau-Pithampur Rd., Indore, MP 453556 India","Strategic Management, Indian Institute of Management Indore, C101 Acad Block IIM Indore, Rau-Pithampur Rd., Indore, MP, 453556, India"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Strategic Management, Indian Institute of Management Indore, C101 Acad Block IIM Indore, Rau-Pithampur Rd., Indore, MP 453556 India","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Strategic Management, Indian Institute of Management Indore, C101 Acad Block IIM Indore, Rau-Pithampur Rd., Indore, MP, 453556, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I33003672"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064576328","display_name":"Debarag Narayan Banerjee","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Debarag Narayan Banerjee","raw_affiliation_strings":["MachinAnimus Consulting, Los Altos, CA USA","MachinAnimus Consulting, Los Altos, CA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"MachinAnimus Consulting, Los Altos, CA USA","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"MachinAnimus Consulting, Los Altos, CA, USA","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5009154783"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I33003672"],"apc_list":{"value":2290,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":2890},"apc_paid":{"value":2290,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":2890},"fwci":4.4159,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":35,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95093759,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"39","issue":"3","first_page":"937","last_page":"960"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11303","display_name":"Bayesian Modeling and Causal Inference","score":0.9943000078201294,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11303","display_name":"Bayesian Modeling and Causal Inference","score":0.9943000078201294,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11689","display_name":"Adversarial Robustness in Machine Learning","score":0.9927999973297119,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12026","display_name":"Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI)","score":0.9919999837875366,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6929334402084351},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6705123782157898},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/commission","display_name":"Commission","score":0.5641462802886963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.5310875177383423},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/focus","display_name":"Focus (optics)","score":0.5004093647003174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.4684935510158539},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/action","display_name":"Action (physics)","score":0.44136473536491394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/path","display_name":"Path (computing)","score":0.43100735545158386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/political-science","display_name":"Political science","score":0.11155849695205688}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6929334402084351},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6705123782157898},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776034101","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1509347","display_name":"Commission","level":2,"score":0.5641462802886963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.5310875177383423},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192209626","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190909","display_name":"Focus (optics)","level":2,"score":0.5004093647003174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.4684935510158539},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780791683","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q846785","display_name":"Action (physics)","level":2,"score":0.44136473536491394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777735758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q817765","display_name":"Path (computing)","level":2,"score":0.43100735545158386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.11155849695205688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/s00146-022-01585-x","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00146-022-01585-x","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00146-022-01585-x.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210190517","display_name":"AI & Society","issn_l":"0951-5666","issn":["0951-5666","1435-5655"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319965","host_organization_name":"Springer Nature","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"public-domain","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/public-domain","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"AI &amp; SOCIETY","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:36415822","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36415822","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"AI & society","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:9669536","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/9669536","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"AI Soc","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s00146-022-01585-x","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00146-022-01585-x","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00146-022-01585-x.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210190517","display_name":"AI & Society","issn_l":"0951-5666","issn":["0951-5666","1435-5655"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319965","host_organization_name":"Springer Nature","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"public-domain","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/public-domain","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"AI &amp; SOCIETY","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4309637331.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4309637331.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":7,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W158727920","https://openalex.org/W2003897394","https://openalex.org/W2037512490","https://openalex.org/W2167902476","https://openalex.org/W2775645604","https://openalex.org/W2785011159","https://openalex.org/W2902343562"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2083674464","https://openalex.org/W4285379861","https://openalex.org/W2322850402","https://openalex.org/W2146489267","https://openalex.org/W2394108515","https://openalex.org/W2437262919","https://openalex.org/W3125791156","https://openalex.org/W4241219018","https://openalex.org/W1599375153","https://openalex.org/W2380483444"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"this":[1],"article":[2],"we":[3],"investigate":[4],"origins":[5],"of":[6,9,11,54,65,79,99,106,121],"several":[7],"cases":[8],"failure":[10],"Artificial":[12],"Intelligence":[13],"(AI)":[14],"systems":[15],"employing":[16],"machine":[17],"learning":[18],"and":[19,26,41,68,109,116,124],"deep":[20],"learning.":[21],"We":[22,88],"focus":[23],"on":[24],"omission":[25],"commission":[27],"errors":[28],"in":[29],"(a)":[30],"the":[31,34,38,43,46,63,97,104,119],"inputs":[32],"to":[33],"AI":[35,47,66,101,114],"system,":[36],"(b)":[37],"processing":[39],"logic,":[40],"(c)":[42],"outputs":[44],"from":[45,113],"system.":[48],"Our":[49,73],"framework":[50],"yields":[51],"a":[52],"set":[53],"28":[55],"factors":[56],"that":[57,91],"can":[58],"be":[59],"used":[60],"for":[61,69,82],"reconstructing":[62],"path":[64],"failures":[67],"determining":[70],"corrective":[71],"action.":[72],"research":[74],"helps":[75],"identify":[76],"emerging":[77],"themes":[78],"inquiry":[80],"necessary":[81],"developing":[83],"more":[84],"robust":[85],"AI-ML":[86],"systems.":[87],"are":[89],"hopeful":[90],"our":[92],"work":[93],"will":[94],"help":[95],"strengthen":[96],"use":[98],"machine-learning":[100],"by":[102,117],"enhancing":[103],"rates":[105],"true":[107,110],"positive":[108,123],"negative":[111,126],"judgements":[112],"systems,":[115],"lowering":[118],"probabilities":[120],"false":[122,125],"judgements.":[127]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":19},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":13}],"updated_date":"2026-03-20T23:20:44.827607","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
