{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4283463807","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00146-022-01514-y","title":"Integration of a social robot and gamification in adult learning and effects on motivation, engagement and performance","display_name":"Integration of a social robot and gamification in adult learning and effects on motivation, engagement and performance","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-06-25","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4283463807","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00146-022-01514-y"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s00146-022-01514-y","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00146-022-01514-y","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00146-022-01514-y.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210190517","display_name":"AI & Society","issn_l":"0951-5666","issn":["0951-5666","1435-5655"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319965","host_organization_name":"Springer Nature","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"AI &amp; SOCIETY","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00146-022-01514-y.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003111331","display_name":"Anna Riedmann","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1969-8563"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I25974101","display_name":"University of W\u00fcrzburg","ror":"https://ror.org/00fbnyb24","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I25974101"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Anna Riedmann","raw_affiliation_strings":["Julius-Maximilians-Universit\u00e4t W\u00fcrzburg, W\u00fcrzburg, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1969-8563","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Julius-Maximilians-Universit\u00e4t W\u00fcrzburg, W\u00fcrzburg, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25974101"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076937994","display_name":"Philipp Sch\u00e4per","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5960-7921"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I25974101","display_name":"University of W\u00fcrzburg","ror":"https://ror.org/00fbnyb24","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I25974101"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Philipp Schaper","raw_affiliation_strings":["Julius-Maximilians-Universit\u00e4t W\u00fcrzburg, W\u00fcrzburg, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Julius-Maximilians-Universit\u00e4t W\u00fcrzburg, W\u00fcrzburg, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25974101"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021368652","display_name":"Birgit Lugrin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2362-0080"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I25974101","display_name":"University of W\u00fcrzburg","ror":"https://ror.org/00fbnyb24","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I25974101"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Birgit Lugrin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Julius-Maximilians-Universit\u00e4t W\u00fcrzburg, W\u00fcrzburg, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Julius-Maximilians-Universit\u00e4t W\u00fcrzburg, W\u00fcrzburg, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25974101"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5003111331"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25974101"],"apc_list":{"value":2890,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2890},"apc_paid":{"value":2890,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2890},"fwci":6.903,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":32,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97426184,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"39","issue":"1","first_page":"369","last_page":"388"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10731","display_name":"Educational Games and Gamification","score":0.9933000206947327,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3204","display_name":"Developmental and Educational Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10731","display_name":"Educational Games and Gamification","score":0.9933000206947327,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3204","display_name":"Developmental and Educational Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10636","display_name":"Innovative Teaching and Learning Methods","score":0.9894000291824341,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3204","display_name":"Developmental and Educational Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12128","display_name":"AI in Service Interactions","score":0.98580002784729,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robot-learning","display_name":"Robot learning","score":0.5686869621276855},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/context","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","score":0.5606921911239624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/experiential-learning","display_name":"Experiential learning","score":0.5115073919296265},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-learning","display_name":"Social learning","score":0.509964108467102},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.5032095313072205},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/educational-technology","display_name":"Educational technology","score":0.49549615383148193},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4769821763038635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/learning-environment","display_name":"Learning environment","score":0.47172918915748596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/synchronous-learning","display_name":"Synchronous learning","score":0.44730445742607117},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human\u2013computer-interaction","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","score":0.43337810039520264},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robot","display_name":"Robot","score":0.41175705194473267},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/knowledge-management","display_name":"Knowledge management","score":0.4012492001056671},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.32499396800994873},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.30378222465515137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cooperative-learning","display_name":"Cooperative learning","score":0.3037475347518921},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics-education","display_name":"Mathematics education","score":0.16667935252189636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/teaching-method","display_name":"Teaching method","score":0.1317809522151947},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mobile-robot","display_name":"Mobile robot","score":0.10788732767105103}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188888258","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353390","display_name":"Robot learning","level":4,"score":0.5686869621276855},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.5606921911239624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C37228920","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1307600","display_name":"Experiential learning","level":2,"score":0.5115073919296265},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79416737","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2305519","display_name":"Social learning","level":2,"score":0.509964108467102},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.5032095313072205},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C16443162","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1068473","display_name":"Educational technology","level":2,"score":0.49549615383148193},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4769821763038635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778365744","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2426689","display_name":"Learning environment","level":2,"score":0.47172918915748596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19122763","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7662215","display_name":"Synchronous learning","level":4,"score":0.44730445742607117},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.43337810039520264},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90509273","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11012","display_name":"Robot","level":2,"score":0.41175705194473267},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56739046","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192060","display_name":"Knowledge management","level":1,"score":0.4012492001056671},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.32499396800994873},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.30378222465515137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C51672120","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q303446","display_name":"Cooperative learning","level":3,"score":0.3037475347518921},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145420912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q853077","display_name":"Mathematics education","level":1,"score":0.16667935252189636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C88610354","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1813494","display_name":"Teaching method","level":2,"score":0.1317809522151947},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19966478","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4810574","display_name":"Mobile robot","level":3,"score":0.10788732767105103},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/s00146-022-01514-y","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00146-022-01514-y","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00146-022-01514-y.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210190517","display_name":"AI & Society","issn_l":"0951-5666","issn":["0951-5666","1435-5655"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319965","host_organization_name":"Springer Nature","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"AI &amp; SOCIETY","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:opus.bibliothek.uni-wuerzburg.de:32420","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://opus.bibliothek.uni-wuerzburg.de/frontdoor/index/index/docId/32420","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401635","display_name":"Online Publication Service of W\u00fcrzburg University (W\u00fcrzburg University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I25974101","host_organization_name":"University of W\u00fcrzburg","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I25974101"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s00146-022-01514-y","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00146-022-01514-y","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00146-022-01514-y.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210190517","display_name":"AI & Society","issn_l":"0951-5666","issn":["0951-5666","1435-5655"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319965","host_organization_name":"Springer Nature","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"AI &amp; SOCIETY","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","display_name":"Quality Education","score":0.7300000190734863}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320325356","display_name":"Julius-Maximilians-Universit\u00e4t W\u00fcrzburg","ror":"https://ror.org/00fbnyb24"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4283463807.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4283463807.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":94,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W71908533","https://openalex.org/W111549680","https://openalex.org/W153693754","https://openalex.org/W190379316","https://openalex.org/W1410719325","https://openalex.org/W1445760689","https://openalex.org/W1519406596","https://openalex.org/W1534437798","https://openalex.org/W1577845799","https://openalex.org/W1633674991","https://openalex.org/W1794268699","https://openalex.org/W1889619166","https://openalex.org/W1968621287","https://openalex.org/W1976904177","https://openalex.org/W1982504637","https://openalex.org/W1994917054","https://openalex.org/W1996046724","https://openalex.org/W1998368096","https://openalex.org/W1999626445","https://openalex.org/W2001564357","https://openalex.org/W2005156656","https://openalex.org/W2014821670","https://openalex.org/W2023718959","https://openalex.org/W2032568497","https://openalex.org/W2042585112","https://openalex.org/W2044663075","https://openalex.org/W2055336313","https://openalex.org/W2055477862","https://openalex.org/W2056425904","https://openalex.org/W2057807575","https://openalex.org/W2060880492","https://openalex.org/W2063898208","https://openalex.org/W2065464847","https://openalex.org/W2078911586","https://openalex.org/W2094856020","https://openalex.org/W2095622232","https://openalex.org/W2096284813","https://openalex.org/W2111040806","https://openalex.org/W2113536912","https://openalex.org/W2117692546","https://openalex.org/W2120040514","https://openalex.org/W2122517769","https://openalex.org/W2132576251","https://openalex.org/W2135943618","https://openalex.org/W2150758961","https://openalex.org/W2151018020","https://openalex.org/W2151215842","https://openalex.org/W2154498935","https://openalex.org/W2159323512","https://openalex.org/W2160512240","https://openalex.org/W2160579544","https://openalex.org/W2167002032","https://openalex.org/W2170899200","https://openalex.org/W2171691785","https://openalex.org/W2191197731","https://openalex.org/W2218747864","https://openalex.org/W2218853939","https://openalex.org/W2316134298","https://openalex.org/W2347058615","https://openalex.org/W2419090670","https://openalex.org/W2465353856","https://openalex.org/W2479485957","https://openalex.org/W2566152916","https://openalex.org/W2576624358","https://openalex.org/W2592249712","https://openalex.org/W2594741443","https://openalex.org/W2659546373","https://openalex.org/W2755797711","https://openalex.org/W2779724740","https://openalex.org/W2782898451","https://openalex.org/W2786969362","https://openalex.org/W2792301539","https://openalex.org/W2792703968","https://openalex.org/W2808495218","https://openalex.org/W2809389030","https://openalex.org/W2809451070","https://openalex.org/W2885514032","https://openalex.org/W2887260263","https://openalex.org/W2900173099","https://openalex.org/W2900504836","https://openalex.org/W2907761700","https://openalex.org/W2948088015","https://openalex.org/W2968628489","https://openalex.org/W2980067467","https://openalex.org/W2980891379","https://openalex.org/W3093551381","https://openalex.org/W3140271936","https://openalex.org/W3169419502","https://openalex.org/W4242883546","https://openalex.org/W4246277771","https://openalex.org/W4246293254","https://openalex.org/W4248496639","https://openalex.org/W4250826902","https://openalex.org/W4252447817"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2001663453","https://openalex.org/W2015283166","https://openalex.org/W2106286570","https://openalex.org/W2103075088","https://openalex.org/W2964476973","https://openalex.org/W2350725793","https://openalex.org/W2191551823","https://openalex.org/W2968510402","https://openalex.org/W3137277498","https://openalex.org/W3161134108"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"Learning":[1],"is":[2,80],"a":[3,35,60,90,120,133,142,150,214],"central":[4],"component":[5],"of":[6,54,78,89,165,182,195,224],"human":[7],"life":[8],"and":[9,22,47,139,162,171,198,213,226],"essential":[10,29],"for":[11,145,221],"personal":[12],"development.":[13],"Therefore,":[14],"utilizing":[15],"new":[16,95,104],"technologies":[17,105],"in":[18,34,51,83,119,185,229,232],"the":[19,52,65,76,84,87,98,125,160,180,193,199],"learning":[20,33,39,66,85,99,122,143,172,188,230],"context":[21],"exploring":[23],"their":[24],"combined":[25,163],"potential":[26,61],"are":[27],"considered":[28],"to":[30,63,112,158],"support":[31,64],"self-directed":[32],"digital":[36],"age.":[37],"A":[38],"environment":[40,144],"can":[41,69,93],"be":[42,70],"expanded":[43],"by":[44,72],"various":[45],"technical":[46],"content-related":[48],"aspects.":[49],"Gamification":[50],"form":[53],"elements":[55,129,197],"from":[56],"video":[57],"games":[58],"offers":[59],"concept":[62],"process.":[67,100],"This":[68,155,174],"supplemented":[71],"technology-supported":[73],"learning.":[74,234],"While":[75],"use":[77],"tablets":[79],"already":[81],"widespread":[82],"context,":[86],"integration":[88,181,223],"social":[91,108,134,227],"robot":[92,135,200],"provide":[94,177],"perspectives":[96],"on":[97,152,168,210],"However,":[101],"simply":[102],"adding":[103],"such":[106],"as":[107,130,132],"robots":[109,228],"or":[110,207],"gamification":[111,225],"existing":[113],"systems":[114],"may":[115],"not":[116,202],"automatically":[117],"result":[118],"better":[121],"environment.":[123],"In":[124],"present":[126],"study,":[127],"game":[128,196],"well":[131],"were":[136],"integrated":[137],"separately":[138],"conjointly":[140],"into":[141,179],"basic":[146],"Spanish":[147],"skills,":[148],"with":[149],"follow-up":[151],"retained":[153],"knowledge.":[154],"allowed":[156],"us":[157],"investigate":[159],"respective":[161],"effects":[164],"both":[166,183],"expansions":[167],"motivation,":[169],"engagement":[170,206],"effect.":[173],"approach":[175],"should":[176],"insights":[178],"additions":[184,194],"an":[186],"adult":[187,233],"context.":[189],"We":[190],"found":[191],"that":[192],"did":[201],"significantly":[203],"improve":[204],"learning,":[205],"motivation.":[208],"Based":[209],"these":[211],"results":[212],"literature":[215],"review,":[216],"we":[217],"outline":[218],"relevant":[219],"factors":[220],"meaningful":[222],"environments":[231]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-07-31T08:31:51.225901","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
