{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4283448512","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00146-022-01499-8","title":"Artificial intelligence with American values and Chinese characteristics: a comparative analysis of American and Chinese governmental AI policies","display_name":"Artificial intelligence with American values and Chinese characteristics: a comparative analysis of American and Chinese governmental AI policies","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-06-25","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4283448512","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00146-022-01499-8"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s00146-022-01499-8","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00146-022-01499-8","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00146-022-01499-8.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210190517","display_name":"AI & Society","issn_l":"0951-5666","issn":["0951-5666","1435-5655"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319965","host_organization_name":"Springer Nature","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"AI &amp; SOCIETY","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00146-022-01499-8.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089355838","display_name":"Emmie Hine","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5891-6324"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I40120149","display_name":"University of Oxford","ror":"https://ror.org/052gg0110","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Emmie Hine","raw_affiliation_strings":["Oxford Internet Institute, University of Oxford, 1 St Giles, Oxford, OX1 3JS, UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Oxford Internet Institute, University of Oxford, 1 St Giles, Oxford, OX1 3JS, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046574356","display_name":"Luciano Floridi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5444-2280"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I40120149","display_name":"University of Oxford","ror":"https://ror.org/052gg0110","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210146975","display_name":"Zambon (Italy)","ror":"https://ror.org/04zzq8d03","country_code":"IT","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210146975"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9360294","display_name":"University of Bologna","ror":"https://ror.org/01111rn36","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9360294"]}],"countries":["GB","IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Luciano Floridi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Legal Studies, University of Bologna, Via Zamboni 27/29, 40126, Bologna, Italy","Oxford Internet Institute, University of Oxford, 1 St Giles, Oxford, OX1 3JS, UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Legal Studies, University of Bologna, Via Zamboni 27/29, 40126, Bologna, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9360294","https://openalex.org/I4210146975"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Oxford Internet Institute, University of Oxford, 1 St Giles, Oxford, OX1 3JS, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5089355838"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"],"apc_list":{"value":2290,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":2890},"apc_paid":{"value":2290,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":2890},"fwci":23.7415,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":116,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99618963,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"39","issue":"1","first_page":"257","last_page":"278"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10883","display_name":"Ethics and Social Impacts of AI","score":0.9832000136375427,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3311","display_name":"Safety Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10883","display_name":"Ethics and Social Impacts of AI","score":0.9832000136375427,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3311","display_name":"Safety Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10628","display_name":"China's Socioeconomic Reforms and Governance","score":0.9312999844551086,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vision","display_name":"Vision","score":0.7741875052452087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geopolitics","display_name":"Geopolitics","score":0.6531765460968018},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/china","display_name":"China","score":0.6482256650924683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/foreign-policy","display_name":"Foreign policy","score":0.615521252155304},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/policy-analysis","display_name":"Policy analysis","score":0.5295292735099792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/politics","display_name":"Politics","score":0.5064677000045776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/political-science","display_name":"Political science","score":0.4659622013568878},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/political-economy","display_name":"Political economy","score":0.46534502506256104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/presidential-system","display_name":"Presidential system","score":0.4467966556549072},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sociology","display_name":"Sociology","score":0.43675506114959717},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/public-administration","display_name":"Public administration","score":0.3354966938495636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/public-relations","display_name":"Public relations","score":0.3271540105342865},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/law","display_name":"Law","score":0.22705331444740295}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133979268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1682108","display_name":"Vision","level":2,"score":0.7741875052452087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201960208","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q159385","display_name":"Geopolitics","level":3,"score":0.6531765460968018},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191935318","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q148","display_name":"China","level":2,"score":0.6482256650924683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C93377909","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181648","display_name":"Foreign policy","level":3,"score":0.615521252155304},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123587114","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2101508","display_name":"Policy analysis","level":2,"score":0.5295292735099792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.5064677000045776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.4659622013568878},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138921699","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47555","display_name":"Political economy","level":1,"score":0.46534502506256104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197487636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q49892","display_name":"Presidential system","level":3,"score":0.4467966556549072},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.43675506114959717},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3116431","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q31728","display_name":"Public administration","level":1,"score":0.3354966938495636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39549134","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133080","display_name":"Public relations","level":1,"score":0.3271540105342865},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.22705331444740295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19165224","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23404","display_name":"Anthropology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/s00146-022-01499-8","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00146-022-01499-8","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00146-022-01499-8.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210190517","display_name":"AI & Society","issn_l":"0951-5666","issn":["0951-5666","1435-5655"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319965","host_organization_name":"Springer Nature","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"AI &amp; SOCIETY","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s00146-022-01499-8","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00146-022-01499-8","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00146-022-01499-8.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210190517","display_name":"AI & Society","issn_l":"0951-5666","issn":["0951-5666","1435-5655"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319965","host_organization_name":"Springer Nature","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"AI &amp; SOCIETY","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4283448512.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4283448512.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":17,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2022879254","https://openalex.org/W2031213082","https://openalex.org/W2065833909","https://openalex.org/W2090775846","https://openalex.org/W2580906503","https://openalex.org/W2890341730","https://openalex.org/W2954266614","https://openalex.org/W3088875842","https://openalex.org/W3110273682","https://openalex.org/W3112262800","https://openalex.org/W3121900268","https://openalex.org/W3123805125","https://openalex.org/W3124724421","https://openalex.org/W3160174021","https://openalex.org/W3169627160","https://openalex.org/W3204551829","https://openalex.org/W4231918471"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1548557026","https://openalex.org/W1975110180","https://openalex.org/W2117786814","https://openalex.org/W4377008908","https://openalex.org/W1989187808","https://openalex.org/W2332333067","https://openalex.org/W4288993906","https://openalex.org/W2079187076","https://openalex.org/W2345127254","https://openalex.org/W4319761870"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"As":[1],"China":[2],"and":[3,42,78,98,143,150,180,188,204,226],"the":[4,10,55,186],"United":[5],"States":[6],"strive":[7],"to":[8,52,92,119,209,218],"be":[9],"primary":[11],"global":[12],"leader":[13],"in":[14,96,157,175],"AI,":[15],"their":[16,80,206],"visions":[17],"are":[18,197],"coming":[19],"into":[20,54],"conflict.":[21],"This":[22,170],"is":[23,222],"frequently":[24],"painted":[25],"as":[26,147],"a":[27,48,61,65,89,105,163,173,182],"fundamental":[28,106],"clash":[29],"of":[30,60,67,76,127,167,190,202],"civilisations,":[31],"with":[32,114],"evidence":[33],"based":[34],"primarily":[35],"around":[36],"each":[37,72,199],"country\u2019s":[38,73,200],"current":[39],"political":[40],"system":[41],"present":[43],"geopolitical":[44],"tensions.":[45],"However,":[46],"such":[47],"narrow":[49],"view":[50],"claims":[51],"extrapolate":[53],"future":[56],"from":[57,134,159],"an":[58,121],"analysis":[59,126,166],"momentary":[62],"situation,":[63],"ignoring":[64],"wealth":[66],"historical":[68],"factors":[69,196],"that":[70,214],"influence":[71],"prevailing":[74],"philosophy":[75,201],"technology":[77,203],"thus":[79,205],"overarching":[81],"AI":[82,100,177,210],"strategies.":[83],"In":[84],"this":[85,113],"article,":[86],"we":[87,161,212],"build":[88],"philosophy-of-technology-grounded":[90],"framework":[91,183],"analyse":[93],"what":[94,195],"differences":[95],"Chinese":[97],"American":[99,137],"policies":[101],"exist":[102],"and,":[103],"on":[104],"level,":[107],"why":[108],"they":[109],"exist.":[110],"We":[111],"support":[112],"Natural":[115],"Language":[116],"Processing":[117],"methods":[118],"provide":[120,162],"evidentiary":[122],"basis":[123],"for":[124,184,224],"our":[125],"policy":[128,152,168,178,191],"differences.":[129,169,192],"By":[130,193],"looking":[131],"at":[132],"documents":[133,153],"three":[135],"different":[136],"presidential":[138],"administrations\u2013\u2013Barack":[139],"Obama,":[140],"Donald":[141],"Trump,":[142],"Joe":[144],"Biden\u2013\u2013as":[145],"well":[146],"both":[148],"national":[149],"local":[151],"(many":[154],"available":[155],"only":[156],"Chinese)":[158],"China,":[160],"thorough":[164],"comparative":[165],"article":[171],"fills":[172],"gap":[174],"US\u2013China":[176],"comparison":[179],"constructs":[181],"understanding":[185],"origin":[187],"trajectory":[189],"investigating":[194],"informing":[198],"overall":[207],"approach":[208],"policy,":[211],"argue":[213],"while":[215],"significant":[216],"obstacles":[217],"cooperation":[219],"remain,":[220],"there":[221],"room":[223],"dialogue":[225],"mutual":[227],"growth.":[228]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":42},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":30},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":31},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-10T15:06:20.359241","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
