{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4225912342","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00146-022-01439-6","title":"Should criminal law protect love relation with robots?","display_name":"Should criminal law protect love relation with robots?","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-04-09","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4225912342","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00146-022-01439-6"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s00146-022-01439-6","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00146-022-01439-6","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210190517","display_name":"AI & Society","issn_l":"0951-5666","issn":["0951-5666","1435-5655"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319965","host_organization_name":"Springer Nature","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"AI &amp; SOCIETY","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00146-022-01439-6","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084336786","display_name":"Kamil Mamak","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5081-792X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I126596746","display_name":"Jagiellonian University","ror":"https://ror.org/03bqmcz70","country_code":"PL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126596746"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I133731052","display_name":"University of Helsinki","ror":"https://ror.org/040af2s02","country_code":"FI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I133731052"]}],"countries":["FI","PL"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Kamil Mamak","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Criminal Law, Faculty of Law and Administration, Jagiellonian University, Krak\u00f3w, Poland","RADAR: Robophilosophy, AI Ethics and Datafication Research Group, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Criminal Law, Faculty of Law and Administration, Jagiellonian University, Krak\u00f3w, Poland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126596746"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"RADAR: Robophilosophy, AI Ethics and Datafication Research Group, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I133731052"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5084336786"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126596746","https://openalex.org/I133731052"],"apc_list":{"value":2290,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":2890},"apc_paid":{"value":2290,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":2890},"fwci":1.8125,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":9,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.86096417,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"39","issue":"2","first_page":"573","last_page":"582"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10883","display_name":"Ethics and Social Impacts of AI","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3311","display_name":"Safety Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10883","display_name":"Ethics and Social Impacts of AI","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3311","display_name":"Safety Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11953","display_name":"Neuroethics, Human Enhancement, Biomedical Innovations","score":0.9947999715805054,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11997","display_name":"Free Will and Agency","score":0.9779999852180481,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/morality","display_name":"Morality","score":0.6727664470672607},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/relation","display_name":"Relation (database)","score":0.6319295167922974},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robot","display_name":"Robot","score":0.5610238909721375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/criminal-law","display_name":"Criminal law","score":0.5583806037902832},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.472647100687027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sociology","display_name":"Sociology","score":0.4571928083896637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-psychology","display_name":"Social psychology","score":0.4331647753715515},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/law","display_name":"Law","score":0.4241794943809509},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/criminology","display_name":"Criminology","score":0.31978464126586914},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.23616033792495728},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/political-science","display_name":"Political science","score":0.1895892322063446},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.11979365348815918}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C200113983","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q48324","display_name":"Morality","level":2,"score":0.6727664470672607},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C25343380","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q277521","display_name":"Relation (database)","level":2,"score":0.6319295167922974},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90509273","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11012","display_name":"Robot","level":2,"score":0.5610238909721375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202565627","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q146491","display_name":"Criminal law","level":2,"score":0.5583806037902832},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.472647100687027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.4571928083896637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.4331647753715515},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.4241794943809509},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73484699","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161733","display_name":"Criminology","level":1,"score":0.31978464126586914},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.23616033792495728},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.1895892322063446},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.11979365348815918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77088390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8513","display_name":"Database","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/s00146-022-01439-6","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00146-022-01439-6","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210190517","display_name":"AI & Society","issn_l":"0951-5666","issn":["0951-5666","1435-5655"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319965","host_organization_name":"Springer Nature","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"AI &amp; SOCIETY","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:ruj.uj.edu.pl:item/306360","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00146-022-01439-6","pdf_url":"http://ruj.uj.edu.pl/bitstreams/1e465b0c-467c-4175-b228-7077e0ee2e54/download","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400316","display_name":"Homo Politicus (Academy of Humanities and Economics in Lodz)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"artyku\u0142 w czasopi\u015bmie"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s00146-022-01439-6","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00146-022-01439-6","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210190517","display_name":"AI & Society","issn_l":"0951-5666","issn":["0951-5666","1435-5655"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319965","host_organization_name":"Springer Nature","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"AI &amp; SOCIETY","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.7200000286102295,"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7753184272","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Decision No. 333873","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321108","funder_display_name":"Academy of Finland"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321108","display_name":"Academy of Finland","ror":"https://ror.org/05k73zm37"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":63,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W142346291","https://openalex.org/W175184045","https://openalex.org/W393180982","https://openalex.org/W1503479491","https://openalex.org/W1544348055","https://openalex.org/W1979161775","https://openalex.org/W1992164204","https://openalex.org/W2003227152","https://openalex.org/W2017685107","https://openalex.org/W2022297454","https://openalex.org/W2023377725","https://openalex.org/W2023998025","https://openalex.org/W2071077610","https://openalex.org/W2089421660","https://openalex.org/W2094251476","https://openalex.org/W2116547831","https://openalex.org/W2123110422","https://openalex.org/W2161200803","https://openalex.org/W2330152664","https://openalex.org/W2468343942","https://openalex.org/W2561262129","https://openalex.org/W2627185737","https://openalex.org/W2762386543","https://openalex.org/W2786522954","https://openalex.org/W2888628879","https://openalex.org/W2899329657","https://openalex.org/W2913713139","https://openalex.org/W2915909934","https://openalex.org/W2928002249","https://openalex.org/W2953884621","https://openalex.org/W2960368750","https://openalex.org/W2991054909","https://openalex.org/W3007230393","https://openalex.org/W3008696478","https://openalex.org/W3034846968","https://openalex.org/W3037143591","https://openalex.org/W3041916566","https://openalex.org/W3115305336","https://openalex.org/W3119960185","https://openalex.org/W3125438471","https://openalex.org/W3142302406","https://openalex.org/W3154033859","https://openalex.org/W3154376085","https://openalex.org/W3158511163","https://openalex.org/W3162173425","https://openalex.org/W3182073415","https://openalex.org/W3182999914","https://openalex.org/W4205677961","https://openalex.org/W4206586564","https://openalex.org/W4212976697","https://openalex.org/W4231494348","https://openalex.org/W4233051961","https://openalex.org/W4238351881","https://openalex.org/W4240540997","https://openalex.org/W4244003854","https://openalex.org/W4246659226","https://openalex.org/W4251136349","https://openalex.org/W4285201874","https://openalex.org/W4288083708","https://openalex.org/W4308897397","https://openalex.org/W4367315052","https://openalex.org/W4388128179","https://openalex.org/W4401142165"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2388256261","https://openalex.org/W2362311513","https://openalex.org/W2373950604","https://openalex.org/W1981852103","https://openalex.org/W2359784009","https://openalex.org/W2381923774","https://openalex.org/W2373900217","https://openalex.org/W2376307190","https://openalex.org/W2360590976","https://openalex.org/W2385985945"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"Whether":[1],"or":[2,77],"not":[3,79,102,109],"we":[4,69,88],"call":[5],"a":[6,24,36,85],"love-like":[7,90],"relationship":[8,32,120],"with":[9,93],"robots":[10,100],"true":[11],"love,":[12],"some":[13],"people":[14],"may":[15],"feel":[16],"and":[17,49,107],"claim":[18],"that,":[19,61],"for":[20,27],"them,":[21],"it":[22],"is":[23,59],"sufficient":[25],"substitute":[26],"love":[28,31],"relationship.":[29],"The":[30],"between":[33],"humans":[34,92],"has":[35],"special":[37,56],"place":[38],"in":[39],"our":[40,51,71],"social":[41],"life.":[42],"On":[43],"the":[44,97,114],"grounds":[45],"of":[46,64,67,75,119],"both":[47],"morality":[48],"law,":[50],"significant":[52,72],"other":[53,73],"can":[54],"expect":[55],"treatment.":[57],"It":[58],"understandable":[60],"precisely":[62],"because":[63],"this":[65,117],"kind":[66,118],"relationship,":[68],"save":[70],"instead":[74],"others":[76],"will":[78],"testify":[80],"against":[81],"her/him.":[82],"How":[83],"as":[84],"society":[86],"should":[87,121],"treat":[89],"relationships":[91],"robots?":[94],"Based":[95],"on":[96],"assumption":[98],"that":[99,116],"do":[101],"have":[103],"an":[104],"inner":[105],"life":[106],"are":[108],"moral":[110],"patients,":[111],"I":[112],"defend":[113],"thesis":[115],"be":[122],"protected":[123],"by":[124],"criminal":[125],"law.":[126]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
