{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4200592691","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00146-021-01328-4","title":"Studying human-to-computer bias transference","display_name":"Studying human-to-computer bias transference","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-12-27","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4200592691","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00146-021-01328-4"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s00146-021-01328-4","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00146-021-01328-4","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00146-021-01328-4.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210190517","display_name":"AI & Society","issn_l":"0951-5666","issn":["0951-5666","1435-5655"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319965","host_organization_name":"Springer Nature","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"AI & SOCIETY","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00146-021-01328-4.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027882899","display_name":"Johanna Johansen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4908-9045"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I184942183","display_name":"University of Oslo","ror":"https://ror.org/01xtthb56","country_code":"NO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I184942183"]}],"countries":["NO"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Johanna Johansen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Informatics, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway","Department of Informatics, University of Oslo, Blindern, P.O. Box 1080, 0316, Oslo, Norway"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Informatics, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I184942183"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Informatics, University of Oslo, Blindern, P.O. Box 1080, 0316, Oslo, Norway","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I184942183"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068190305","display_name":"Tore Pedersen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4502-0772"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I184531372","display_name":"OsloMet \u2013 Oslo Metropolitan University","ror":"https://ror.org/04q12yn84","country_code":"NO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I184531372"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210121836","display_name":"Norwegian Defence University College","ror":"https://ror.org/02vfz9j23","country_code":"NO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2802841409","https://openalex.org/I4210121836"]}],"countries":["NO"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Tore Pedersen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre for Intelligence Studies, Norwegian Defence Intelligence School, Oslo, Norway","Department of Psychology, Oslo New University College, Oslo, Norway"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for Intelligence Studies, Norwegian Defence Intelligence School, Oslo, Norway","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210121836"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Psychology, Oslo New University College, Oslo, Norway","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I184531372"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052790680","display_name":"Christian Johansen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1525-0307"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204778367","display_name":"Norwegian University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05xg72x27","country_code":"NO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204778367"]}],"countries":["NO"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Christian Johansen","raw_affiliation_strings":["IIK-NTNU, Norwegian University of Science of Technology, Gj\u00f8vik, Norway"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"IIK-NTNU, Norwegian University of Science of Technology, Gj\u00f8vik, Norway","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204778367"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5027882899","https://openalex.org/A5052790680","https://openalex.org/A5068190305"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I184531372","https://openalex.org/I184942183","https://openalex.org/I204778367","https://openalex.org/I4210121836"],"apc_list":{"value":2890,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2890},"apc_paid":{"value":2890,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2890},"fwci":8.8003,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":34,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97678703,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"38","issue":"4","first_page":"1659","last_page":"1683"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10260","display_name":"Software Engineering Research","score":0.9958999752998352,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10260","display_name":"Software Engineering Research","score":0.9958999752998352,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10883","display_name":"Ethics and Social Impacts of AI","score":0.9947999715805054,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3311","display_name":"Safety Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12026","display_name":"Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI)","score":0.993399977684021,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programmer","display_name":"Programmer","score":0.8512468338012695},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cultural-bias","display_name":"Cultural bias","score":0.6679237484931946},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6354113221168518},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inference","display_name":"Inference","score":0.5845199227333069},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/warrant","display_name":"Warrant","score":0.5344203114509583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/priming","display_name":"Priming (agriculture)","score":0.5048664212226868},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognitive-psychology","display_name":"Cognitive psychology","score":0.44894668459892273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software","display_name":"Software","score":0.43389761447906494},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human\u2013computer-interaction","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","score":0.39484885334968567},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.37062549591064453},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.3536313474178314},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-psychology","display_name":"Social psychology","score":0.28757768869400024},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.2710185945034027}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778514511","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1374194","display_name":"Programmer","level":2,"score":0.8512468338012695},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C37773902","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q970594","display_name":"Cultural bias","level":2,"score":0.6679237484931946},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6354113221168518},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776214188","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q408386","display_name":"Inference","level":2,"score":0.5845199227333069},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776916960","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q637156","display_name":"Warrant","level":2,"score":0.5344203114509583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81444415","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7243535","display_name":"Priming (agriculture)","level":3,"score":0.5048664212226868},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180747234","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23373","display_name":"Cognitive psychology","level":1,"score":0.44894668459892273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.43389761447906494},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.39484885334968567},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.37062549591064453},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.3536313474178314},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.28757768869400024},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.2710185945034027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100701293","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193838","display_name":"Germination","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59822182","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q441","display_name":"Botany","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106159729","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2294553","display_name":"Financial economics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/s00146-021-01328-4","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00146-021-01328-4","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00146-021-01328-4.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210190517","display_name":"AI & Society","issn_l":"0951-5666","issn":["0951-5666","1435-5655"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319965","host_organization_name":"Springer Nature","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"AI & SOCIETY","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2005.08231","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2005.08231","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2005.08231","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:www.duo.uio.no:10852/94329","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10852/94329","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401716","display_name":"Duo Research Archive (University of Oslo)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I184942183","host_organization_name":"University of Oslo","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I184942183"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s00146-021-01328-4","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00146-021-01328-4","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00146-021-01328-4.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210190517","display_name":"AI & Society","issn_l":"0951-5666","issn":["0951-5666","1435-5655"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319965","host_organization_name":"Springer Nature","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"AI & SOCIETY","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","display_name":"Quality Education","score":0.800000011920929}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320316856","display_name":"Karlstads universitet","ror":"https://ror.org/05s754026"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323260","display_name":"Universitetet i Oslo","ror":"https://ror.org/01xtthb56"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4200592691.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4200592691.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":91,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W33238439","https://openalex.org/W40942722","https://openalex.org/W104553443","https://openalex.org/W319320444","https://openalex.org/W1411974074","https://openalex.org/W1481908410","https://openalex.org/W1500693574","https://openalex.org/W1730782591","https://openalex.org/W1957780744","https://openalex.org/W1963557108","https://openalex.org/W1973894287","https://openalex.org/W1983785496","https://openalex.org/W1986721142","https://openalex.org/W2006447892","https://openalex.org/W2014352947","https://openalex.org/W2017912703","https://openalex.org/W2021996723","https://openalex.org/W2025312426","https://openalex.org/W2027102540","https://openalex.org/W2033778615","https://openalex.org/W2039223548","https://openalex.org/W2047431989","https://openalex.org/W2064205987","https://openalex.org/W2065476105","https://openalex.org/W2084181760","https://openalex.org/W2084944215","https://openalex.org/W2093692196","https://openalex.org/W2095399957","https://openalex.org/W2096563449","https://openalex.org/W2098195044","https://openalex.org/W2101201000","https://openalex.org/W2121000471","https://openalex.org/W2141708772","https://openalex.org/W2143470593","https://openalex.org/W2144741543","https://openalex.org/W2147478345","https://openalex.org/W2165893637","https://openalex.org/W2300494515","https://openalex.org/W2333508197","https://openalex.org/W2399248522","https://openalex.org/W2405607598","https://openalex.org/W2507358938","https://openalex.org/W2522882154","https://openalex.org/W2532675267","https://openalex.org/W2557671501","https://openalex.org/W2580906503","https://openalex.org/W2584528001","https://openalex.org/W2584805976","https://openalex.org/W2594690992","https://openalex.org/W2605022320","https://openalex.org/W2609648139","https://openalex.org/W2611369375","https://openalex.org/W2742108348","https://openalex.org/W2750697398","https://openalex.org/W2767026290","https://openalex.org/W2785011159","https://openalex.org/W2789374611","https://openalex.org/W2795389852","https://openalex.org/W2802271687","https://openalex.org/W2804927761","https://openalex.org/W2883147591","https://openalex.org/W2888109941","https://openalex.org/W2891100457","https://openalex.org/W2893425640","https://openalex.org/W2899757839","https://openalex.org/W2910064571","https://openalex.org/W2913974921","https://openalex.org/W2949437788","https://openalex.org/W2951356022","https://openalex.org/W2953522645","https://openalex.org/W2974075815","https://openalex.org/W2980535893","https://openalex.org/W2981869278","https://openalex.org/W2981939272","https://openalex.org/W2996166168","https://openalex.org/W2997402476","https://openalex.org/W3027353834","https://openalex.org/W3033733989","https://openalex.org/W3041469552","https://openalex.org/W3102619004","https://openalex.org/W3125099282","https://openalex.org/W4211028057","https://openalex.org/W4214907476","https://openalex.org/W4237544920","https://openalex.org/W4239392621","https://openalex.org/W4242834904","https://openalex.org/W4252536292","https://openalex.org/W4255392285","https://openalex.org/W4255886958","https://openalex.org/W4292157289","https://openalex.org/W4394645559"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3015649151","https://openalex.org/W2363340781","https://openalex.org/W2506609850","https://openalex.org/W2381584298","https://openalex.org/W2349156183","https://openalex.org/W3014921315","https://openalex.org/W2618713772","https://openalex.org/W2373243504","https://openalex.org/W2299215294","https://openalex.org/W2496426887"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"It":[1],"is":[2,11],"generally":[3],"agreed":[4],"that":[5,36,48,113],"one":[6],"origin":[7],"of":[8,62,86,95,137,148],"machine":[9,45,108],"bias":[10],"resulting":[12],"from":[13,52,99,156],"characteristics":[14],"within":[15],"the":[16,20,25,54,66,84,100,103,118,135,138],"dataset":[17],"on":[18],"which":[19],"algorithms":[21],"are":[22,97,143],"trained,":[23],"i.e.,":[24],"data":[26],"does":[27],"not":[28],"warrant":[29],"a":[30,37,107],"generalized":[31],"inference.":[32],"We,":[33],"however,":[34],"hypothesize":[35],"different":[38],"\u2018mechanism\u2019":[39],"may":[40,50],"also":[41],"be":[42,129],"responsible":[43],"for":[44],"bias,":[46],"namely":[47],"biases":[49],"originate":[51],"(i)":[53,114],"programmers\u2019":[55],"cultural":[56,87,115,139],"background,":[57],"including":[58,70],"education":[59],"or":[60,64,73,133],"line":[61],"work,":[63],"(ii)":[65,122],"contextual":[67,89,123],"programming":[68,153],"environment,":[69],"software":[71],"requirements":[72],"developer":[74],"tools.":[75],"Combining":[76],"an":[77],"experimental":[78],"and":[79,88,91,121,152],"comparative":[80],"design,":[81],"we":[82],"study":[83],"effects":[85,136],"metaphors,":[90],"test":[92],"whether":[93],"each":[94],"these":[96],"\u2018transferred\u2019":[98],"programmer":[101],"to":[102,131,158],"program,":[104],"thus":[105],"constituting":[106],"bias.":[109],"Our":[110,141],"results":[111],"show":[112],"metaphors":[116,124],"influence":[117],"programmer\u2019s":[119],"choices":[120],"induced":[125],"through":[126],"priming":[127],"can":[128],"used":[130],"moderate":[132],"exacerbate":[134],"metaphors.":[140],"studies":[142],"purposely":[144],"performed":[145],"with":[146],"users":[147],"varying":[149],"educational":[150],"backgrounds":[151],"skills":[154],"stretching":[155],"novice":[157],"proficient.":[159]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":22},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":9}],"updated_date":"2026-08-10T07:06:39.071514","created_date":"2021-12-31T00:00:00"}