{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3207559276","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00146-021-01294-x","title":"The AI gambit: leveraging artificial intelligence to combat climate change\u2014opportunities, challenges, and recommendations","display_name":"The AI gambit: leveraging artificial intelligence to combat climate change\u2014opportunities, challenges, and recommendations","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-10-18","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3207559276","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00146-021-01294-x","mag":"3207559276","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34690449"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s00146-021-01294-x","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00146-021-01294-x","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00146-021-01294-x.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210190517","display_name":"AI & Society","issn_l":"0951-5666","issn":["0951-5666","1435-5655"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319965","host_organization_name":"Springer Nature","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"AI &amp; SOCIETY","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00146-021-01294-x.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011861720","display_name":"Josh Cowls","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8545-5068"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I40120149","display_name":"University of Oxford","ror":"https://ror.org/052gg0110","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Josh Cowls","raw_affiliation_strings":["Alan Turing Institute, British Library, 96 Euston Rd, London, NW1 2DB UK","Oxford Internet Institute, University of Oxford, 1 St Giles', Oxford, OX1 3JS UK","Oxford Internet Institute, University of Oxford, 1 St Giles\u2019, Oxford, OX1 3JS, UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Alan Turing Institute, British Library, 96 Euston Rd, London, NW1 2DB UK","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Oxford Internet Institute, University of Oxford, 1 St Giles', Oxford, OX1 3JS UK","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Oxford Internet Institute, University of Oxford, 1 St Giles\u2019, Oxford, OX1 3JS, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067850526","display_name":"Andreas Tsamados","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I40120149","display_name":"University of Oxford","ror":"https://ror.org/052gg0110","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Andreas Tsamados","raw_affiliation_strings":["Oxford Internet Institute, University of Oxford, 1 St Giles', Oxford, OX1 3JS UK","Oxford Internet Institute, University of Oxford, 1 St Giles\u2019, Oxford, OX1 3JS, UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Oxford Internet Institute, University of Oxford, 1 St Giles', Oxford, OX1 3JS UK","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Oxford Internet Institute, University of Oxford, 1 St Giles\u2019, Oxford, OX1 3JS, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003032735","display_name":"Mariarosaria Taddeo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1181-649X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I40120149","display_name":"University of Oxford","ror":"https://ror.org/052gg0110","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mariarosaria Taddeo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Alan Turing Institute, British Library, 96 Euston Rd, London, NW1 2DB UK","Oxford Internet Institute, University of Oxford, 1 St Giles', Oxford, OX1 3JS UK","Oxford Internet Institute, University of Oxford, 1 St Giles\u2019, Oxford, OX1 3JS, UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Alan Turing Institute, British Library, 96 Euston Rd, London, NW1 2DB UK","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Oxford Internet Institute, University of Oxford, 1 St Giles', Oxford, OX1 3JS UK","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Oxford Internet Institute, University of Oxford, 1 St Giles\u2019, Oxford, OX1 3JS, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046574356","display_name":"Luciano Floridi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5444-2280"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800016483","display_name":"British Library","ror":"https://ror.org/05dhe8b71","country_code":"GB","type":"archive","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800016483"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I125680101","display_name":"Turing Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/02x2mw849","country_code":"GB","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I125680101"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Luciano Floridi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Alan Turing Institute, British Library, 96 Euston Rd, London, NW1 2DB UK","Oxford Internet Institute, University of Oxford, 1 St Giles', Oxford, OX1 3JS UK","Alan Turing Institute, British Library, 96 Euston Rd, London, NW1 2DB, UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Alan Turing Institute, British Library, 96 Euston Rd, London, NW1 2DB UK","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Oxford Internet Institute, University of Oxford, 1 St Giles', Oxford, OX1 3JS UK","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Alan Turing Institute, British Library, 96 Euston Rd, London, NW1 2DB, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125680101","https://openalex.org/I2800016483"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5011861720"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"],"apc_list":{"value":2290,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":2890},"apc_paid":{"value":2290,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":2890},"fwci":18.1089,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":404,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99791075,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"38","issue":"1","first_page":"283","last_page":"307"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12120","display_name":"Air Quality Monitoring and Forecasting","score":0.9828000068664551,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12120","display_name":"Air Quality Monitoring and Forecasting","score":0.9828000068664551,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12617","display_name":"Energy, Environment, and Transportation Policies","score":0.9642999768257141,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2105","display_name":"Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/21","display_name":"Energy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10471","display_name":"Climate Change Policy and Economics","score":0.9587000012397766,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/greenhouse-gas","display_name":"Greenhouse gas","score":0.7437504529953003},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/climate-change","display_name":"Climate change","score":0.702677309513092},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/carbon-footprint","display_name":"Carbon footprint","score":0.5899085402488708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/european-union","display_name":"European union","score":0.5540411472320557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/corporate-governance","display_name":"Corporate governance","score":0.44825315475463867},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-resource-management","display_name":"Environmental resource management","score":0.36472585797309875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-economics","display_name":"Environmental economics","score":0.36295223236083984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.35937339067459106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/business","display_name":"Business","score":0.3160201907157898},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/economics","display_name":"Economics","score":0.2259294092655182},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/management","display_name":"Management","score":0.0973074734210968}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47737302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q167336","display_name":"Greenhouse gas","level":2,"score":0.7437504529953003},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132651083","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7942","display_name":"Climate change","level":2,"score":0.702677309513092},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780936489","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q310667","display_name":"Carbon footprint","level":3,"score":0.5899085402488708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2910001868","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q458","display_name":"European union","level":2,"score":0.5540411472320557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39389867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q380767","display_name":"Corporate governance","level":2,"score":0.44825315475463867},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107826830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q929380","display_name":"Environmental resource management","level":1,"score":0.36472585797309875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134560507","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q753291","display_name":"Environmental economics","level":1,"score":0.36295223236083984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.35937339067459106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.3160201907157898},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.2259294092655182},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187736073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2920921","display_name":"Management","level":1,"score":0.0973074734210968},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105639569","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q582577","display_name":"Economic policy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/s00146-021-01294-x","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00146-021-01294-x","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00146-021-01294-x.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210190517","display_name":"AI & Society","issn_l":"0951-5666","issn":["0951-5666","1435-5655"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319965","host_organization_name":"Springer Nature","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"AI &amp; SOCIETY","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:34690449","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34690449","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"AI & society","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:8522259","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/8522259","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"AI Soc","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s00146-021-01294-x","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00146-021-01294-x","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00146-021-01294-x.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210190517","display_name":"AI & Society","issn_l":"0951-5666","issn":["0951-5666","1435-5655"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319965","host_organization_name":"Springer Nature","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"AI &amp; SOCIETY","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3207559276.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3207559276.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":110,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W200554294","https://openalex.org/W1971129545","https://openalex.org/W2050656119","https://openalex.org/W2068599314","https://openalex.org/W2072750586","https://openalex.org/W2075863084","https://openalex.org/W2083174705","https://openalex.org/W2091987367","https://openalex.org/W2117539524","https://openalex.org/W2186615578","https://openalex.org/W2189934886","https://openalex.org/W2274676083","https://openalex.org/W2492081602","https://openalex.org/W2553303224","https://openalex.org/W2566069120","https://openalex.org/W2587802550","https://openalex.org/W2588989476","https://openalex.org/W2595507424","https://openalex.org/W2626712922","https://openalex.org/W2650367466","https://openalex.org/W2735575534","https://openalex.org/W2746463599","https://openalex.org/W2757140470","https://openalex.org/W2770041785","https://openalex.org/W2771098373","https://openalex.org/W2782301536","https://openalex.org/W2785366763","https://openalex.org/W2787225861","https://openalex.org/W2787690100","https://openalex.org/W2788572835","https://openalex.org/W2790930344","https://openalex.org/W2808387360","https://openalex.org/W2823177849","https://openalex.org/W2885770726","https://openalex.org/W2885778707","https://openalex.org/W2888649442","https://openalex.org/W2888857819","https://openalex.org/W2889894636","https://openalex.org/W2891113010","https://openalex.org/W2899352930","https://openalex.org/W2899751676","https://openalex.org/W2904792324","https://openalex.org/W2907066318","https://openalex.org/W2914252251","https://openalex.org/W2941638788","https://openalex.org/W2946296542","https://openalex.org/W2950398529","https://openalex.org/W2951963285","https://openalex.org/W2954266614","https://openalex.org/W2962921891","https://openalex.org/W2963809228","https://openalex.org/W2966048283","https://openalex.org/W2968135077","https://openalex.org/W2969580338","https://openalex.org/W2969677512","https://openalex.org/W2969797940","https://openalex.org/W2970283086","https://openalex.org/W2973731563","https://openalex.org/W2974527409","https://openalex.org/W2978290191","https://openalex.org/W2980287048","https://openalex.org/W2981540061","https://openalex.org/W2990569776","https://openalex.org/W2990621239","https://openalex.org/W2991419155","https://openalex.org/W2994838516","https://openalex.org/W2995045082","https://openalex.org/W2995700434","https://openalex.org/W2996037775","https://openalex.org/W3005901320","https://openalex.org/W3005998689","https://openalex.org/W3007855629","https://openalex.org/W3007927169","https://openalex.org/W3013229294","https://openalex.org/W3014739067","https://openalex.org/W3019495891","https://openalex.org/W3023541969","https://openalex.org/W3024779795","https://openalex.org/W3027111805","https://openalex.org/W3038443040","https://openalex.org/W3040504946","https://openalex.org/W3041148953","https://openalex.org/W3042194900","https://openalex.org/W3042341815","https://openalex.org/W3042493930","https://openalex.org/W3043571714","https://openalex.org/W3043722257","https://openalex.org/W3045230952","https://openalex.org/W3048650942","https://openalex.org/W3049184217","https://openalex.org/W3082558305","https://openalex.org/W3091991770","https://openalex.org/W3093022464","https://openalex.org/W3095809712","https://openalex.org/W3096798174","https://openalex.org/W3104445526","https://openalex.org/W3117461888","https://openalex.org/W3119866685","https://openalex.org/W3124810490","https://openalex.org/W3129979751","https://openalex.org/W3133702157","https://openalex.org/W3145716770","https://openalex.org/W3159281654","https://openalex.org/W3163645286","https://openalex.org/W3164002408","https://openalex.org/W3174788476","https://openalex.org/W3180523075","https://openalex.org/W3210238883","https://openalex.org/W4230274053","https://openalex.org/W4241568070"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2807875202","https://openalex.org/W2884626460","https://openalex.org/W4389871154","https://openalex.org/W4320806747","https://openalex.org/W4382583248","https://openalex.org/W2023474522","https://openalex.org/W2888005984","https://openalex.org/W4280635404","https://openalex.org/W2785168719","https://openalex.org/W4390822445"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0,160],"this":[1,30,117,214],"article,":[2],"we":[3,165],"analyse":[4],"the":[5,49,54,68,81,87,100,107,122,133,139,142,150,169,201,228,241],"role":[6,212],"that":[7,26,109,121,156,167,221],"artificial":[8],"intelligence":[9],"(AI)":[10],"could":[11],"play,":[12],"and":[13,36,43,73,80,94,106,131,149,152,189,217,226],"is":[14,182],"playing,":[15],"to":[16,47,83,192,208,224],"combat":[17],"global":[18,175],"climate":[19,41,50,66,84,176,234],"change.":[20],"We":[21,98,119,197],"identify":[22,225],"two":[23,60],"crucial":[24],"opportunities":[25,170,229],"AI":[27,57,96,104,126,147,157,173,231],"offers":[28],"in":[29,116,213],"domain:":[31],"it":[32,44],"can":[33,45,158],"help":[34],"improve":[35],"expand":[37],"current":[38],"understanding":[39],"of":[40,56,62,71,86,103,125,162,230],"change,":[42,235],"contribute":[46],"combatting":[48,233],"crisis":[51],"effectively.":[52],"However,":[53],"development":[55],"also":[58],"raises":[59],"sets":[61],"problems":[63],"when":[64],"considering":[65],"change:":[67],"possible":[69],"exacerbation":[70],"social":[72],"ethical":[74],"challenges":[75],"already":[76],"associated":[77],"with":[78],"AI,":[79],"contribution":[82],"change":[85,177],"greenhouse":[88,112],"gases":[89],"emitted":[90],"by":[91,146,172,199],"training":[92],"data":[93],"computation-intensive":[95],"systems.":[97],"assess":[99],"carbon":[101,123],"footprint":[102,124],"research,":[105],"factors":[108],"influence":[110],"AI's":[111],"gas":[113],"(GHG)":[114],"emissions":[115,144],"domain.":[118],"find":[120],"research":[127,148],"may":[128],"be":[129],"significant":[130],"highlight":[132],"need":[134],"for":[135,174,232],"more":[136],"evidence":[137],"concerning":[138],"trade-off":[140],"between":[141],"GHG":[143],"generated":[145],"energy":[151],"resource":[153],"efficiency":[154],"gains":[155],"offer.":[159],"light":[161],"our":[163],"analysis,":[164],"argue":[166],"leveraging":[168],"offered":[171],"whilst":[178],"limiting":[179],"its":[180,238],"risks":[181],"a":[183,194,210],"gambit":[184],"which":[185],"requires":[186],"responsive,":[187],"evidence-based,":[188],"effective":[190],"governance":[191],"become":[193],"winning":[195],"strategy.":[196],"conclude":[198],"identifying":[200],"European":[202],"Union":[203],"as":[204],"being":[205],"especially":[206],"well-placed":[207],"play":[209],"leading":[211],"policy":[215],"response":[216],"provide":[218],"13":[219],"recommendations":[220],"are":[222],"designed":[223],"harness":[227],"while":[236],"reducing":[237],"impact":[239],"on":[240],"environment.":[242]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":34},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":172},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":105},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":74},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":6}],"updated_date":"2026-04-14T08:04:32.555800","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
