{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3081880709","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00146-020-01049-0","title":"Artificial intelligence in cyber physical systems","display_name":"Artificial intelligence in cyber physical systems","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-08-27","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3081880709","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00146-020-01049-0","mag":"3081880709","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32874020"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s00146-020-01049-0","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00146-020-01049-0","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00146-020-01049-0.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210190517","display_name":"AI & Society","issn_l":"0951-5666","issn":["0951-5666","1435-5655"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319965","host_organization_name":"Springer Nature","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"AI &amp; SOCIETY","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00146-020-01049-0.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078566421","display_name":"Petar Radanliev","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5629-6857"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I40120149","display_name":"University of Oxford","ror":"https://ror.org/052gg0110","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Petar Radanliev","raw_affiliation_strings":["Engineering Science Department, Oxford e-Research Centre, University of Oxford, 7 Keble Road, Oxford, OX1 3QG England, UK","Engineering Science Department, Oxford e-Research Centre, University of Oxford, 7 Keble Road, Oxford, OX1 3QG, England, UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Engineering Science Department, Oxford e-Research Centre, University of Oxford, 7 Keble Road, Oxford, OX1 3QG England, UK","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Engineering Science Department, Oxford e-Research Centre, University of Oxford, 7 Keble Road, Oxford, OX1 3QG, England, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059614463","display_name":"David De Roure","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9074-3016"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I40120149","display_name":"University of Oxford","ror":"https://ror.org/052gg0110","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"David De Roure","raw_affiliation_strings":["Engineering Science Department, Oxford e-Research Centre, University of Oxford, 7 Keble Road, Oxford, OX1 3QG England, UK","Engineering Science Department, Oxford e-Research Centre, University of Oxford, 7 Keble Road, Oxford, OX1 3QG, England, UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Engineering Science Department, Oxford e-Research Centre, University of Oxford, 7 Keble Road, Oxford, OX1 3QG England, UK","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Engineering Science Department, Oxford e-Research Centre, University of Oxford, 7 Keble Road, Oxford, OX1 3QG, England, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085192838","display_name":"Max Van Kleek","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3873-6366"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I40120149","display_name":"University of Oxford","ror":"https://ror.org/052gg0110","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Max Van Kleek","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, University of Oxford, Oxford, England, UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, University of Oxford, Oxford, England, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029826688","display_name":"Omar Santos","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1309191912","display_name":"Research Triangle Park Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/03eqttr49","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1309191912"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Omar Santos","raw_affiliation_strings":["Cisco Research Centre, Research Triangle Park, NC USA","Cisco Research Centre, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Cisco Research Centre, Research Triangle Park, NC USA","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Cisco Research Centre, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1309191912"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075173481","display_name":"Uchenna Ani","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6064-480X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210093057","display_name":"Faculty (United Kingdom)","ror":"https://ror.org/00qpxe165","country_code":"GB","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210093057"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I45129253","display_name":"University College London","ror":"https://ror.org/02jx3x895","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I45129253"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Uchenna Ani","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Engineering Science, STEaPP, University College London, London, England, UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Engineering Science, STEaPP, University College London, London, England, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45129253","https://openalex.org/I4210093057"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5078566421"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"],"apc_list":{"value":2290,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":2890},"apc_paid":{"value":2290,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":2890},"fwci":13.3469,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":141,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98815986,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"36","issue":"3","first_page":"783","last_page":"796"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10763","display_name":"Digital Transformation in Industry","score":0.9926000237464905,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2209","display_name":"Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10763","display_name":"Digital Transformation in Industry","score":0.9926000237464905,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2209","display_name":"Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11864","display_name":"Supply Chain Resilience and Risk Management","score":0.9575999975204468,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1408","display_name":"Strategy and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11891","display_name":"Big Data and Business Intelligence","score":0.9495000243186951,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1404","display_name":"Management Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cyber-physical-system","display_name":"Cyber-physical system","score":0.8985644578933716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6244008541107178},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/resilience","display_name":"Resilience (materials science)","score":0.5846153497695923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/conceptual-framework","display_name":"Conceptual framework","score":0.5622649788856506},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/automation","display_name":"Automation","score":0.5036370158195496},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/industry-4.0","display_name":"Industry 4.0","score":0.5032209753990173},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-science","display_name":"Data science","score":0.4900614023208618},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transparency","display_name":"Transparency (behavior)","score":0.4331151247024536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/knowledge-management","display_name":"Knowledge management","score":0.3571133017539978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.19896838068962097},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.19481560587882996},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sociology","display_name":"Sociology","score":0.13906767964363098},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.10100433230400085}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C179768478","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1120057","display_name":"Cyber-physical system","level":2,"score":0.8985644578933716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6244008541107178},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779585090","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3457762","display_name":"Resilience (materials science)","level":2,"score":0.5846153497695923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14224292","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13600188","display_name":"Conceptual framework","level":2,"score":0.5622649788856506},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115901376","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q184199","display_name":"Automation","level":2,"score":0.5036370158195496},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777986313","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1661989","display_name":"Industry 4.0","level":2,"score":0.5032209753990173},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.4900614023208618},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780233690","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q535347","display_name":"Transparency (behavior)","level":2,"score":0.4331151247024536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56739046","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192060","display_name":"Knowledge management","level":1,"score":0.3571133017539978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.19896838068962097},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.19481560587882996},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.13906767964363098},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.10100433230400085},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97355855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11473","display_name":"Thermodynamics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36289849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34749","display_name":"Social science","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/s00146-020-01049-0","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00146-020-01049-0","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00146-020-01049-0.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210190517","display_name":"AI & Society","issn_l":"0951-5666","issn":["0951-5666","1435-5655"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319965","host_organization_name":"Springer Nature","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"AI &amp; SOCIETY","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:32874020","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32874020","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"AI & society","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:1903.04369","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/1903.04369","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1903.04369","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:7451704","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/7451704","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"AI Soc","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s00146-020-01049-0","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00146-020-01049-0","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00146-020-01049-0.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210190517","display_name":"AI & Society","issn_l":"0951-5666","issn":["0951-5666","1435-5655"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319965","host_organization_name":"Springer Nature","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"AI &amp; SOCIETY","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.6200000047683716,"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4314500828","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"EP/N02334X/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/0439y7842"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3081880709.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3081880709.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":81,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W804161547","https://openalex.org/W1515587369","https://openalex.org/W1560042744","https://openalex.org/W1602301441","https://openalex.org/W1627723619","https://openalex.org/W1718306640","https://openalex.org/W1821552239","https://openalex.org/W1969324951","https://openalex.org/W1973747955","https://openalex.org/W1979796197","https://openalex.org/W1990214940","https://openalex.org/W1992386785","https://openalex.org/W1993049805","https://openalex.org/W2001377707","https://openalex.org/W2002449324","https://openalex.org/W2003130699","https://openalex.org/W2021293348","https://openalex.org/W2022649085","https://openalex.org/W2028926203","https://openalex.org/W2029608738","https://openalex.org/W2036745331","https://openalex.org/W2044049559","https://openalex.org/W2048728386","https://openalex.org/W2056075452","https://openalex.org/W2062493711","https://openalex.org/W2062829369","https://openalex.org/W2070489584","https://openalex.org/W2089685868","https://openalex.org/W2094189035","https://openalex.org/W2097209811","https://openalex.org/W2108721666","https://openalex.org/W2119759435","https://openalex.org/W2129988636","https://openalex.org/W2146691185","https://openalex.org/W2149713648","https://openalex.org/W2166598063","https://openalex.org/W2231133841","https://openalex.org/W2269884114","https://openalex.org/W2282184623","https://openalex.org/W2293498673","https://openalex.org/W2295939521","https://openalex.org/W2303531378","https://openalex.org/W2329395632","https://openalex.org/W2397456623","https://openalex.org/W2408921927","https://openalex.org/W2470536298","https://openalex.org/W2470822336","https://openalex.org/W2478019356","https://openalex.org/W2550935423","https://openalex.org/W2553658650","https://openalex.org/W2580054424","https://openalex.org/W2593234175","https://openalex.org/W2733985467","https://openalex.org/W2748851382","https://openalex.org/W2769179287","https://openalex.org/W2788017311","https://openalex.org/W2789509502","https://openalex.org/W2790258664","https://openalex.org/W2793692565","https://openalex.org/W2802304459","https://openalex.org/W2805611890","https://openalex.org/W2806767875","https://openalex.org/W2886287583","https://openalex.org/W2887645765","https://openalex.org/W2894720023","https://openalex.org/W2918079309","https://openalex.org/W2922525752","https://openalex.org/W2955014922","https://openalex.org/W2979616368","https://openalex.org/W2979978745","https://openalex.org/W2980951591","https://openalex.org/W2996415795","https://openalex.org/W3011363941","https://openalex.org/W3013842138","https://openalex.org/W3099693981","https://openalex.org/W3123020257","https://openalex.org/W3125420992","https://openalex.org/W4232901196","https://openalex.org/W4236018597","https://openalex.org/W4244982128","https://openalex.org/W4245120848"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3003666232","https://openalex.org/W2945357379","https://openalex.org/W2981104449","https://openalex.org/W2903493206","https://openalex.org/W2902177743","https://openalex.org/W2785197507","https://openalex.org/W2963246290","https://openalex.org/W3034981309","https://openalex.org/W4312821896","https://openalex.org/W2744599860"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"article":[1],"conducts":[2],"a":[3,29,41,50,94,127],"literature":[4,23,51],"review":[5,24,52,114],"of":[6,14,56,59,80,96,105,137,154,158,180],"current":[7],"and":[8,43,53,63,78,85,90,100,116,122,151,174,178],"future":[9],"challenges":[10],"in":[11,18,82,140,162],"the":[12,135,155,193],"use":[13],"artificial":[15],"intelligence":[16],"(AI)":[17],"cyber":[19,65,141,163],"physical":[20,66,142,164],"systems.":[21,67,143,165],"The":[22,46,124],"is":[25,69,149,172],"focused":[26],"on":[27,73,75],"identifying":[28],"conceptual":[30,131,196],"framework":[31,132],"for":[32,133,176,191],"increasing":[33],"resilience":[34],"with":[35],"AI":[36,138],"through":[37,184],"automation":[38],"supporting":[39],"both,":[40],"technical":[42,86],"human":[44],"level.":[45],"methodology":[47,171],"applied":[48,175,190],"resembled":[49],"taxonomic":[54,170],"analysis":[55],"complex":[57],"internet":[58],"things":[60],"(IoT)":[61,161],"interconnected":[62],"coupled":[64],"There":[68],"an":[70],"increased":[71,156],"attention":[72],"propositions":[74],"models,":[76],"infrastructures":[77],"frameworks":[79],"IoT":[81],"both":[83],"academic":[84,115],"papers.":[87],"These":[88],"reports":[89],"publications":[91],"frequently":[92],"represent":[93],"juxtaposition":[95],"other":[97],"related":[98],"systems":[99],"technologies":[101],"(e.g.":[102],"Industrial":[103],"Internet":[104],"Things,":[106],"Cyber":[107],"Physical":[108],"Systems,":[109],"Industry":[110],"4.0":[111],"etc.).":[112],"We":[113,144],"industry":[117],"papers":[118],"published":[119],"between":[120],"2010":[121],"2020.":[123],"results":[125],"determine":[126],"new":[128],"hierarchical":[129,194],"cascading":[130,195],"analysing":[134],"evolution":[136,148],"decision-making":[139],"argue":[145],"that":[146,188],"such":[147],"<i>inevitable":[150],"autonomous</i>":[152],"because":[153],"integration":[157],"connected":[159],"devices":[160],"To":[166],"support":[167],"this":[168],"argument,":[169],"adapted":[173],"transparency":[177],"justifications":[179],"concepts":[181],"selection":[182],"decisions":[183],"building":[185],"summary":[186],"maps":[187],"are":[189],"designing":[192],"framework.":[197]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":26},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":29},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":28},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":19},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":23},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-03-25T14:56:36.534964","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
